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Aids In Children: An Overview Of The Medical, Epidemiological, And Public Health Problems, Ellen R. Cooper

New England Journal of Public Policy

Cases of AIDS in children under thirteen years of age have been described since 1982. Diagnosis is more difficult in children than in adults, owing to the more varied clinical presentation and the difficulty in interpretation of laboratory tests. Current diagnostic criteria of HIV infection are reviewed, as well as symptomatology, natural history, and controversies surrounding management and therapy. Without a full appreciation of the transmissibility of HIV, issues including school and day-care attendance and foster family placement remain emotionally charged. Conflicting public policies contribute to fears on the part of the general public. Because ofthe unique implications for the …

Hiv Antibody Testing: Performance And Counseling Issues, Michael Gross

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article assesses the performance of currently used tests for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the infectious agent associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); suggests, in view of that information, guidelines for counseling people seeking HIV antibody testing; and evaluates the claim that because antibody test results will effect behavior change in those who are infected, all members of high-risk groups should be tested.

HIV testing is likely to yield a high proportion of false-positive results in low-risk populations and infants born to infected mothers. A negative result may not establish freedom from infection in high-risk groups or the …

Aids And A-Bomb Disease: Facing A Special Death, Chris Glaser

New England Journal of Public Policy

In 1979 it was called "gay cancer," and it took the life of an acquaintance. Then "gay-related immune deficiency," or GRID, claimed neighbors, friends of friends, fellow activists. I began grief and death counseling with a segment of the population ordinarily concerned with life's ambitions and enjoyments: men in their twenties and thirties. Hospital visits and memorial services became more frequent.

By 1983, when it had come to be called AIDS, my own friends began to be affected. One was a man I dated in seminary, and I was devastated to learn of his illness only upon receiving a notice …

New Hampshire: The Premarital Testing Debacle, Susan D. Epstein

New England Journal of Public Policy

In 1987, the New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services had a bill introduced in the legislature to improve contact tracing and establish statewide public education on HIV infection, transmission, and disease control. This article traces the bill, and issues surrounding the bill, through the legislative process and focuses on an unexpected intervention by the governor through a proposed amendment to add mandatory premarital testing. Its conclusions offer advice to other states on how best to avoid political exploitation of AIDS/HIV issues.

By the summer of 1987, the AIDS issue in New Hampshire had become devoted to everything but AIDS. …

Politics And Aids: Conversations And Comments, Steven Stark

New England Journal of Public Policy

As AIDS has emerged as a medical and social concern, it has become a political issue as well. In a series of interviews, we asked some leading authorities for their opinions on how AIDS is emerging as a political issue, particularly during the campaign of 1988. In all cases, the comments that follow represent an edited version of their remarks. Those participating were Ronald Bayer, director of the Project on AIDS and the Ethics of Public Health at the Hastings Center; William Schneider, resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute; Jonathan Handel, a gay activist and a member of the …

Hiv Antibody Screening: An Ethical Framework For Evaluating Proposed Programs, Ronald Bayer, Carol Levine, Susan M. Wolf

New England Journal of Public Policy

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) poses a compelling ethical challenge to medicine, science, public health, the legal system, and our political democracy. This report focuses on one aspect of that challenge: the use of blood tests to identify individuals who have been infected with the retrovirus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this article, we follow the terminology recently proposed by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses; that is, we use the term human immunodeficiency virus. This replaces the more cumbersome dual terminology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV).

The issue is urgent: the tests are …

Behavioral Change In Homosexual Men At Risk Of Aids: Intervention And Policy Implications, Suzanne B. Montgomery, Jill G. Joseph

New England Journal of Public Policy

With more than fifty thousand cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosed since its initial recognition in 1981 and no cure or vaccine in sight, experts agree that prevention is of the utmost importance. Yet very little research has investigated how existing social-psychological and health behavioral knowledge can be applied to the special circumstances of programmatic responses to AIDS. One of the central aims of our own research group has been to describe the psychosocial determinants of successful behavioral risk reduction among homosexual men, the largest affected group. This work is reviewed and its implications for the development of intervention …

Aids Initiatives In Massachusetts: Building A Continuum Of Care, Nancy Weiland Carpenter

New England Journal of Public Policy

The Health Resource Office was officially established within the Massachusetts Department of Public Health in August 1985 to coordinate policy, education, research, and service response to the AIDS epidemic, and to focus attention on the social and economic impact of the disease. The actual work of the office was begun earlier, in October 1983. This article reviews the activities of the Health Resource Office from October 1983 through June 1987 in allocating resources for AIDS and ARC programs and services. It then describes the conceptual model that evolved during this period for the continuum of services needed to reduce HIV …

The Role Of Education In Aids Prevention, George A. Lamb, Linette G. Liebling

New England Journal of Public Policy

The severity of the current AIDS epidemic, combined with the lack of successful biological interventions, necessitates an active educational program as the primary intervention strategy. Health education theories abound, but relatively little definitive application of these theories has been made to the issues involved with HIV transmission: sexual behavior and the sharing of intravenous drug apparatus. Significant behavior changes have occurred in some people, but the consistency of the behavior change may be difficult to sustain. Thus, the authors suggest that health education should be delivered repeatedly in culturally acceptable language and format, by community leaders, and through many different …

U.S. Women And Hiv Infection, P. Clay Stephens

New England Journal of Public Policy

Women are inadequately provided with HIV services and education and are differentially denied access to these. Divisions of race, ethnicity, economic class, and religion, among others, are compounded by sexual discrimination within each of these categories.

Review of current data on women with AIDS reveals that the reporting methods used convey a false impression that women are not at significant risk. Moreover, the persons indirectly affected by AIDS are predominantly women — mothers, sisters, partners, family members, teachers, and human service workers. Thus, AIDS is more of a women's issue than the statistics imply.

Women, as a gender-defined class, face …

A Civil Liberties Analysis Of Surrogacy Arrangements, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this essay the author comes to the following conclusions based upon a civil liberties analysis. First, surrogacy arrangements cannot be prohibited or criminalized. Second, the state cannot ban the exchange of money for surrogacy services, provided the money is paid for conception, gestation, and birth. Money, however, cannot be paid on condition that the gestational mother waive her parental rights over the child. Third, contractual provisions that require the gestational mother to waive her parental rights or her rights to privacy and autonomy are void and unenforceable. Fourth, when the child is born, both the gestational mother and the …

An Overview Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Appendicular Musculoskeletal System, Sharon C. Siegel, Allan M. Haggar, Jerry W. Froelich, Burton I. Ellis

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Primary Aldosteronism At Henry Ford Hospital In The 1980s, Max Wisgerhof

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

This report describes the experience with the diagnosis and treatment of primary aldosteronism at Henry Ford Hospital since 1980. Of the 28 patients who received the diagnosis. 13 had unilateral primary aldosteronism and 15 had idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Individual cases are used to demonstrate clinical points. The clue to the presence of primary aldosteronism in a hypertensive patient is hypokalemia. The diagnosis is established by showing 1) high plasma aldosterone after intravenous saline or high urinary aldosterone after treatment with sodium chloride orally, and 2) low stimulated plasma renin activity. Treatment with potassium supplement should be given during the testing. Unilateral …

Ocular Irrigating Solutions: A Comparison Between Balanced Salt Solution And L-410 (Po-Eis), Philip C. Hessburg, Paul M. Johnston

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

The ability of two ocular irrigating solutions to reduce postoperative corneal edema after intracapsular cataract extraction was compared using ultrasonic pachymetry. All patients had anterior chamber intraocular lenses implanted. The solutions were balanced salt solution and solution L-410 (PO-EIS), an eye irrigation solution containing dextran 40 and bicarbonate. Corneas irrigated with either solution showed no significant difference in postoperative edema. The use of L-410 (as an alternative to balanced salt solution) may not be necessary in intracapsular cataract extraction.

The Aids Project Newsletter (November 1987), David Ketchum, The Aids Project

AIDS Project Newsletter (1987-1991)

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 1987 (Summer Conferring Of Degrees), Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

3 | The Academic Procession

4 | Conferring of Degrees

6 | Candidates for Degrees

The Aids Project Newsletter (August 1987), David Ketchum, The Aids Project

AIDS Project Newsletter (1987-1991)

No abstract provided.

The Aids Project Newsletter (June 1987), David Ketchum, The Aids Project

AIDS Project Newsletter (1987-1991)

No abstract provided.

Commencement Program 1987, Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

2 | 1987 Events of Commencement

3 | Academic Procession

4 | The Speakers

7 | The Honorees

Order of Programs

• School of Dentistry, 12
• School of Medicine, 18
• Graduate School, 24
• School of Nursing, 29
• College of Arts and Sciences, School of Business and Management, and School of Education, 33
• School of Allied Health Professions, 44
• School of Health, 49

Osteoporosis And Ert--The Jury Is Still Out, Mary E. Guinan, Karen Steinberg, Lambertina Freni-Titulaer

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Bone loss in women accelerates immediately after menopause, often leading to osteoporosis and an increased risk of bone fractures. In 1985,247,000 hip fractures occurred in people over 45 years of age. Among those who live to be 90, one-third of women and one-sixth of men will experience hip fractures. Six months after fracture, 25% of victims will not be able to carry out their usual activities, and 50% will need assistance to do so. Hip fractures are not only a serious cause of morbidity but they also increase the risk of mortality in older people. Because the proportion of the …

Health Care Policy Issues Related To Aids: Lessons Learned From The Henry Ford Hospital Experience, David W. Benfer

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Forest Conservation In Nepal: Encouraging Women's Participation, Augusta Molnar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of SEEDS focuses on ways in which women have been involved in a government forest conservation and restoration program in Nepal. As is common with many large-scale projects with a general impact, women were not a direct focus of the project's original design. As activities got underway, however, both the Nepali staff and their expatriate colleagues quickly realized that the direct involvement of women was crucial to the success of the project's participatory strategy. Over the initial five years, 1980 to 1985, a number of approaches to addressing women's needs and generating their active participation were tried. The …

Control Of Hospital Strategy In Small Multihospital Systems, Lora Hanson Warner

Theses and Dissertations

Hospitals are joining multihospital systems (MHSs) with growing frequency. About 80% of MHSs are small, composed of 2-7 hospitals. An important management issue in MHSs is the extent to which member hospitals retain control over their own strategic directions.

Using a contingency framework, this study uses both system and hospital—level determinants to explain the extent to which hospital members of MHSs control their own strategies. Survey and secondary data from 272 member hospitals of 62 small multi hospital systems (size 2-7 hospitals) are analyzed. System dispersion, size, ownership, strategic type, and age along with hospital occupancy, size, relationship to the …

Marketing Physician Practices: Developing An Action Plan For Success, Barbara Steiner, Douglas Klegon, William Conway, Patricia Mccarthy

Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Aids Project News (October 1986), The Aids Project

AIDS Project News (1986)

No abstract provided.

Water-Cover Influences On Diatom Ingestion Rates By Meiobenthic Copepods, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Laboratory experiments on meiobenthic copepods using ¹⁴C-diatoms were conducted to investigate whether: (1) feeding rates or (2) food sources (planktonically-suspended foods or benthic sediment-associated foods) vary in response to the presence or absence of water-cover (i.e. simulated Higher-water vs Low-water conditions). Three diatom-feeding harpacticoids were examined. Scottolana canadensis feeds at significantly higher rates (2x) during Higher-water (HW) conditions (P<0.001), at which time it consumes planktonic foods; during Low-water (LW), feeding is greatly reduced. These feeding patterns are related to its burrow-dwelling and to its subtidal habitat. Cletocamptus deitersi remains virtually unaffected by changes in ambient water-cover, feeding at nearly equal rates during HW and LW conditions but always tending to consume more benthic diatoms. Microarthridion littorale consumes food at nearly equal rates during HW and LW …

The Aids Project News (July 1986), The Aids Project

AIDS Project News (1986)

No abstract provided.

The Aids Project News (June 1986), The Aids Project

AIDS Project News (1986)

No abstract provided.

Dual-Purpose Activity Versus Single-Purpose Activity In An Institutionalized Geriatric Population, Rita M. Yoder

Masters Theses

The use of purposeful, goal-directed activity has traditionally been a central theme for occupational therapy. In dual-purpose activity the participant has two goals: successful task completion and the making of adaptive responses in the activity process. This study compares the extent to which a dual-purpose activity (stirring for the purpose of exercise and baking cookies) enhances performance in contrast to a single-purpose activity (stirring for the purpose of exercise alone) in an institutionalized geriatric population.

Thirty women between 70 and 92 years of age were randomly assigned to either the single- or dual-purpose activity. Duration, exertion, and discontinuities were measured …

Two Toxin-Converting Phages From Escherichia Coli 0157:H7 Strain 933 Encode Antigenically Distinct Toxins With Similar Biologic Activities, Nancy A. Strockbine, Lilian R. M. Marques, John W. Newland, H. Williams Smith, Randall K. Holmes, Alison D. O'Brien

United States Public Health Resources

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strain 933 contains two distinct toxin-converting phages (933J and 933W). The biologic activities and antigenic relationship between the toxins produced by 933J and 933W lysogens of E. coli K-12, as well as the homology of the genes that encode the two toxins, were examined in this study. The 933J and 933W toxins, like Shiga toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1, were cytotoxic for the same cell lines, caused paralysis and death in mice, and caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal segments. The cytotoxic activity of 933J toxin for HeLa cells was neutralized by anti-Shiga toxin, whereas …