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Farm Worker Killed When Caught In Power Take-Off (Pto), Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center Feb 1996

Farm Worker Killed When Caught In Power Take-Off (Pto), Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Tractors/Logging

A 32-year-old male was killed when he was caught in a rotating power take-off (PTO) shaft. He had been involved in farming for many years and often helped his friends who owned a dairy farm. The farm worker was helping one of the owners of the farm load corn from the silage wagon into the feeding trough. Both the farm worker and the owner were experienced in operating the equipment on the farm and had worked together on this type of task before. However, the owner had always operated the equipment controls. The PTO connecting the tractor to the silage …


When Are Research Findings Ready For Use?, Judith A. Floyd Feb 1996

When Are Research Findings Ready For Use?, Judith A. Floyd

Nursing Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.


Étude D'Un Moyen De Prévention D'Une Maladie Professionnelle (Le Poumon Du Fermier) : Ensemencement De Bactéries Dans Le Fourrage, Caroline Duchaine, Anne Mériaux, Gaétane Racine-Bédard, Évelyne Israël-Assayag, Gilles Brochu, Marc C. Lavoie, Yvon Cormier Feb 1996

Étude D'Un Moyen De Prévention D'Une Maladie Professionnelle (Le Poumon Du Fermier) : Ensemencement De Bactéries Dans Le Fourrage, Caroline Duchaine, Anne Mériaux, Gaétane Racine-Bédard, Évelyne Israël-Assayag, Gilles Brochu, Marc C. Lavoie, Yvon Cormier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.


Évaluation Et Étude Du Comportement Dynamique D'Un Système De Suspension Torsio-Élastique Pour Véhicules Tout Terrain, Paul-Émile Boileau, Subhash Rakheja Feb 1996

Évaluation Et Étude Du Comportement Dynamique D'Un Système De Suspension Torsio-Élastique Pour Véhicules Tout Terrain, Paul-Émile Boileau, Subhash Rakheja

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.


Cancer In Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 1, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Elizabeth T.H. Fontham, George A. Blount, Jennifer E. Jackson, Henri F. Lucas, Pelayo Correa Jan 1996

Cancer In Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 1, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Elizabeth T.H. Fontham, George A. Blount, Jennifer E. Jackson, Henri F. Lucas, Pelayo Correa

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Cancer In New Orleans, Louisiana: 1998-1992, Volume 8, Issue 2, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Thelma T. Smith, Anna G. Moore, Irene W. Carter Jan 1996

Cancer In New Orleans, Louisiana: 1998-1992, Volume 8, Issue 2, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Thelma T. Smith, Anna G. Moore, Irene W. Carter

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Cancer In Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 3, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Michael H. Martin, Lori C. Mccallum, Gay F. Duke Jan 1996

Cancer In Baton Rouge, Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 3, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Michael H. Martin, Lori C. Mccallum, Gay F. Duke

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Cancer In Southeast Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 4, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Thelma T. Smith, Irene W. Carter, Anna G. Moore Jan 1996

Cancer In Southeast Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 4, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Thelma T. Smith, Irene W. Carter, Anna G. Moore

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Cancer In Acadiana, Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 5, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, John M. Rainey, Michelle B. Crouch Jan 1996

Cancer In Acadiana, Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 5, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, John M. Rainey, Michelle B. Crouch

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Cancer In Southwest Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 6, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Gault H. Townsend, Andrew S. Ranier, Ellyn C. Baker Jan 1996

Cancer In Southwest Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 6, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Gault H. Townsend, Andrew S. Ranier, Ellyn C. Baker

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Cancer In Central Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 7, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Lawrence S. Baum, Judith H. Thomas, Nadine S. Johnston Jan 1996

Cancer In Central Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 7, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Catherine N. Correa, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Lawrence S. Baum, Judith H. Thomas, Nadine S. Johnston

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Cancer In Northwest Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 8, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Hans Berkel, Lawrence S. Baum, Alka Mulchandani Jan 1996

Cancer In Northwest Louisiana: 1988-1992, Volume 8, Issue 8, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Vivien W. Chen, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Patricia A. Andrews, Catherine N. Correa, Hans Berkel, Lawrence S. Baum, Alka Mulchandani

Policy & Position Papers

Mission:

To collect and report complete, high-quality, and timely population-based cancer data in Louisiana to support cancer research, control, and prevention.

Vision:

To reduce suffering and death from cancer using information collected by the Louisiana Tumor Registry.

History:

Cancer registration in Louisiana began in 1947 at the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry in New Orleans. In 1974, as part of its Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the National Cancer Institute provided funds for a population-based cancer incidence and survival registry covering Jefferson, Orleans, and St. Bernard parishes. Five years later, the Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR) was transferred to the …


Job Accommodation In The Automobile Industry : Addressing The Problem Of Lateral Epicondylitis, Thanigaivel Ashwin Raj Jan 1996

Job Accommodation In The Automobile Industry : Addressing The Problem Of Lateral Epicondylitis, Thanigaivel Ashwin Raj

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Cumulative trauma disorders are musculoskeletal problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome, rotator cuff tendinitis, and epicondylitis which can affect assembly line workers. The injuries are thought to result from repetitive motions performed under excessive loads in anomalous postures. The project aimed to design, build, install, and evaluate worksite accommodation at the Saturn plant for a worker with right lateral epicondylitis. The goal was to make her fully functional in her original team which required addressing the injurious aspects of the task that caused or aggravated her injury.

A process of observation, interview, and analysis identified “the door mount” operation on …


Review Of: Bonnie L. Walker, Injury Prevention For The Elderly- A Research Guide (Greenwood Press 1995), David E. Belfort Jan 1996

Review Of: Bonnie L. Walker, Injury Prevention For The Elderly- A Research Guide (Greenwood Press 1995), David E. Belfort

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of: Bonnie L. Walker, Injury Prevention for the Elderly- A Research Guide (Greenwood Press 1995). Acknowledgments, appendices, author index, bibliographical references, foreword, preface, subject index. LC 95-32989; ISSN 0743-7560 [328 pp. Cloth $75.00. 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881.]


Assessment Of The Health Needs Of The Communities Served By Kaiser Permanente Of Riverside, Jennifer Van Arsdall Jan 1996

Assessment Of The Health Needs Of The Communities Served By Kaiser Permanente Of Riverside, Jennifer Van Arsdall

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this community needs assessment was to explore the unmet health needs in some of the communities of Riverside County, to discover which populations are most adversely affected by these unmet needs, and to determine what barriers hinder individuals from getting their needs met. United Way of the Inland Valleys, in cooperation with Kaiser Permanente of Riverside conducted this study as part of their community based needs assessment.


Ua1b3 Western Kentucky University As A Drug-Free Institution, Wku Health & Safety Committee Jan 1996

Ua1b3 Western Kentucky University As A Drug-Free Institution, Wku Health & Safety Committee

WKU Administration Documents

WKU brochure outlining policies regarding drug and alcohol abuse and resources available to students.


Facts About Smokeless Tobacco, A Photonovel, Kentucky Cancer Program/University Of Louisville, Western Kentucky Univeristy Department Of Nursing, Western Kentucky University Department Of Dental Hygiene Jan 1996

Facts About Smokeless Tobacco, A Photonovel, Kentucky Cancer Program/University Of Louisville, Western Kentucky Univeristy Department Of Nursing, Western Kentucky University Department Of Dental Hygiene

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Rural Health & Disability, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute Jan 1996

Rural Health & Disability, Tom Seekins Ph.D., University Of Montana Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

The health of many people with disabilities living in rural areas is not as good as one might expert. While people with disabilities can lead healthy and independent lives, they often lack access to health care providers who understand their needs, and lack access to services that would support their efforts to live independently.


Counseling And Testing For Hiv Prevention: Costs, Effects, And Cost-Effectiveness Of More Rapid Screening Tests, P. G. Farnham, Robin D. Gorsky, D. R. Holtgrave, Wanda K. Jones, Mary Guinan Jan 1996

Counseling And Testing For Hiv Prevention: Costs, Effects, And Cost-Effectiveness Of More Rapid Screening Tests, P. G. Farnham, Robin D. Gorsky, D. R. Holtgrave, Wanda K. Jones, Mary Guinan

School of Public Health Faculty Research

New rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests permit many individuals to receive test results and appropriate counseling at one clinic visit. Because currently used tests require significant time for processing, all individuals must return for a second visit for test results and counseling. Since return rates for the second visit are low, the more rapid tests present an opportunity to improve the efficiency of HIV counseling and testing.

The authors compared the costs and effectiveness of the currently used counseling and testing procedure and a streamlined procedure made possible by the new, more rapid screening tests. When test-positive clients …


Preventing Perinatal Transmission Of Hiv Costs And Effectiveness Of A Recommended Intervention, Robin D. Gorsky, P G. Farnham, Walter L. Straus, Blake Caldwell, D R. Holtgrave, R. J. Simonds, M F. Rogers, Mary Guinan Jan 1996

Preventing Perinatal Transmission Of Hiv Costs And Effectiveness Of A Recommended Intervention, Robin D. Gorsky, P G. Farnham, Walter L. Straus, Blake Caldwell, D R. Holtgrave, R. J. Simonds, M F. Rogers, Mary Guinan

School of Public Health Faculty Research

In the United States, nearly all new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in children are acquired through perinatal (mother-to-infant) transmission. Each year, approximately 7000 infants are born to HIV-infected women in the United States.1 Without intervention, an estimated 15-30% of these infants would become infected.2 In 1994, results of the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Protocol 076 showed that treatment of infected pregnant women and their infants with zidovudine (ZDV) reduced the rate of perinatal HIV transmission from 25% to 8%.3,4 Following these findings, the Public Health Service (PHS) issued recommendations for ZDV therapy to prevent perinatal …


Behavioral Science And Public Health: A Necessary Partnership For Hiv Prevention, Martin Fishbein, Mary Guinan Jan 1996

Behavioral Science And Public Health: A Necessary Partnership For Hiv Prevention, Martin Fishbein, Mary Guinan

School of Public Health Faculty Research

We are now in the second decade of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. As of October 31, 1995, a total of 311,381 U.S. citizens had t died from AIDS, another 189,929 had been diagnosed with AIDS (1), and it is estimated that nearly l million persons are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS (CDC). Despite the best efforts of biomedical researchers, we still have neither a cure nor a vaccine to prevent this deadly disease. Yet AIDS is a preventable disease; AIDS is first and foremost a consequence of behavior. It is not who you are, …


Residential Radon-222 Exposure And Lung Cancer: Exposure Assessment Methodology, R. William Field, Daniel J. Steck, Charles F. Lynch, Christine P. Brus, John S. Neuberger, Burton C. Kross Jan 1996

Residential Radon-222 Exposure And Lung Cancer: Exposure Assessment Methodology, R. William Field, Daniel J. Steck, Charles F. Lynch, Christine P. Brus, John S. Neuberger, Burton C. Kross

Physics Faculty Publications

Although occupational epidemiological studies and animal experimentation provide strong evidence that radon-222 (222Rn) progeny exposure causes lung cancer, residential epidemiological studies have not confirmed this association. Past residential epidemiological studies have yielded contradictory findings. Exposure misclassification has seriously compromised the ability of these studies to detect whether an association exists between 222Rn exposure and lung cancer. Misclassification of 222Rn exposure has arisen primarily from: 1) detector measurement error; 2) failure to consider temporal and spatial 222Rn variations within a home; 3) missing data from previously occupied homes that currently are inaccessible; 4) failure to link …


An Examination Of The Effect Of Substance Abuse On Prison Populations And Related Policy Issues Of The California Department Of Corrections, Frank Siaca Jan 1996

An Examination Of The Effect Of Substance Abuse On Prison Populations And Related Policy Issues Of The California Department Of Corrections, Frank Siaca

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.


Ua1b3 Aids & You, Wku Health & Safety Committee Jan 1996

Ua1b3 Aids & You, Wku Health & Safety Committee

WKU Administration Documents

WKU policies and procedures on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV infection and related issues.


Evaluation Of Commercial Latex Reagents For Identification Of O157 And H7 Antigens Of Escherichia Coli, Evangeline G. Sowers, Joy G. Wells, Nancy A. Strockbine Jan 1996

Evaluation Of Commercial Latex Reagents For Identification Of O157 And H7 Antigens Of Escherichia Coli, Evangeline G. Sowers, Joy G. Wells, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Agglutination reactions obtained with three commercial latex reagents for detecting Escherichia coli O157 antigen (Oxoid Diagnostic Reagents, Hampshire, England; Pro-Lab Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada; and Remel Microbiology Products, Lenexa, Kans.) and one for detecting H7 antigen (Remel) were compared with those obtained by standard serologic methods by using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reference antisera for O157 and H7 antigens. For 159 strains of E. coli and related organisms, the Oxoid, Pro-Lab, and Remel O157 latex reagents each had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% compared with the CDC reference antiserum. For 106 strains of E. …


Cattle, Co-Wives, Children, And Calabashes: Material Context For Symbol Use Among The Il Chamus Of West-Central Kenya, Alan J. Osborn Jan 1996

Cattle, Co-Wives, Children, And Calabashes: Material Context For Symbol Use Among The Il Chamus Of West-Central Kenya, Alan J. Osborn

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

This paper examines systemic contexts for symbol use among the Maa-speaking Il Chamus in the Lake Baringo region of west-central Kenya. The systemic context for symbols and material culture consists of the environmental constraints and behavioral responses that characterize pastoralist life in East Africa. The author's interest in this problem developed in response to Ian Hodder’s work among the Il Chamus, Pokot, and Tugen in the Baringo District. Unlike Hodder, however, the author argues that symbols and their use in East Africa can be more productively explained from a materialist perspective. Specifically, it is proposed that symbols affixed to certain …


Clinic-Based Investigation Of The Typology And Self-Reporting Of Fgm In Egypt, Population Council Jan 1996

Clinic-Based Investigation Of The Typology And Self-Reporting Of Fgm In Egypt, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This clinic-based study of female genital mutilation (FGM) was designed and carried out by the Egypt Fertility Care Society to gather detailed information on the types of FGM practiced in Egypt. The study involved interviews with clinic clients to elicit information about their experience and attitudes concerning FGM, and gynecological examinations by specially trained OB/GYN physicians. In all, 93% of the women in this study were found to have some type of FGM. The study's findings were incorporated in the final report of the 1995 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey, with the aim of contributing to the scientific understanding of …


Reproductive Tract Infection—Lessons Learned From The Field: Where Do We Go From Here?, Jennifer Grant, Diana Measham Jan 1996

Reproductive Tract Infection—Lessons Learned From The Field: Where Do We Go From Here?, Jennifer Grant, Diana Measham

Reproductive Health

The Population Council convened a meeting about reproductive tract infections (RTIs) to examine how best to use available tools and information, learn about potential service delivery approaches, and examine the direction of research. The meeting began with an examination of what is known about the prevalence, distribution, determinants, characteristics, and consequences of RTIs, as well as the common elements of an intervention framework. General obstacles related to work in the area of RTIs include lack of awareness of the problem and the limited power of women in society. Priorities for future research and programming include: further research on the scope …


A Situation Analysis Of The Maternal And Child Health/Family Planning (Mch/Fp) Program In Botswana, Benjamin Baakile, Lucy Sejo Maribe, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Robert A. Miller Jan 1996

A Situation Analysis Of The Maternal And Child Health/Family Planning (Mch/Fp) Program In Botswana, Benjamin Baakile, Lucy Sejo Maribe, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Robert A. Miller

Reproductive Health

Botswana has a rapid annual population growth rate and a high total fertility rate. It also has one of the highest levels of contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa. Infant and under-5 mortality rates have fallen, yet maternal mortality remains high. The Government of Botswana has developed an extensive network of health care facilities that provide services through an integrated approach. Family planning (FP) services are available at all three levels of the MOH system (hospitals, clinics, health posts). Services for managing sexually transmitted diseases (STDS) have recently undergone a substantial change with the introduction of the Syndromic Approach to STD …


Prospective Population Growth And Policy Options For India, 1991–2101, Leela Visaria, Pravin Visaria Jan 1996

Prospective Population Growth And Policy Options For India, 1991–2101, Leela Visaria, Pravin Visaria

Reproductive Health

India, the second most populous country in the world, experienced an accelerated decline in fertility during the 1980s. As a result, India’s total fertility rate (TFR) in 1993, 3.5 births per woman, is below the level presumed in the population projections of the United Nations and the World Bank. This favorable development has occurred as India is attempting to reorient its family planning program to focus on the reproductive health of women and the health and welfare of children. The method-specific targets for contraceptive acceptors assigned to every grassroots health worker were abandoned in April 1996. Against this backdrop, this …