Digital Commons Network^™

Description Des Risques À La Santé Et À La Sécurité Du Travail De Nettoyage Avec Jets D'Eau Sous Haute Et Très Haute Pression, Daniel Imbeau, Yves Monpetit, Sylvie Bergeron

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude a pour objectif de contribuer à la diminution du nombre et de la gravité élevés des lésions professionnelles associées à l'utilisation d'équipements de nettoyage à jets d'eau sous haute et très haute pression en mettant en lumière différents risques associés à ce travail. L'étude fait suite à une demande de l'Association Sectorielle Transport Entreposage (ASTE) centrée sur un équipement de protection personnelle notamment les bottes portées par les travailleurs pour ce travail. Cette demande était motivée par le nombre élevé de blessures aux pieds observées par l'ASTE dans ce secteur. Selon la demande originale, l'étude devait établir des …

Étude Numérique Et Expérimentale De L'Absorption Acoustique Et De La Transparence Acoustique Des Matériaux Poreux Hétérogènes En Basses Fréquences Dans Le But D'Identifier Des Solutions À Fort Potentiel D'Applicabilité, Noureddine Atalla, Celse K. Amédin, Raymond Panneton, Franck Sgard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

De par les niveaux élevés ainsi que le nombre de travailleurs concernés, les problèmes du bruit produit par les machines sont extrêmement importants et fort complexes. Tous les secteurs sont concernés : fabrication, forage, transport, bâtiment, manufacturier, etc. L'utilisation de dispositifs absorbants acoustiques constitue un moyen de réduire ces niveaux de bruit. Parmi ces dispositifs, on distingue les systèmes passifs dissipatifs qui consistent à placer un matériau absorbant sur le trajet de l'onde à absorber. Ces dispositifs passifs dissipatifs sont constitués essentiellement de matériaux poreux classiques (laines, mousses). Ils s’avèrent efficaces en hautes et moyennes fréquences mais très peu performants …

Statistiques D'Analyses Pour Le Niveau De Plombémie Et De Plomb Dans L'Air : Période De Janvier 1993 À Décembre 2000, Claude Ostiguy, Pierre Larivière

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude, initialement réalisée en novembre 1998 a été remise à jour en 2001 afin de soutenir le sous-comité CSST-MSSS sur l’intoxication professionnelle au plomb et d’y intégrer les données les plus récentes. Elle vise à fournir à ce comité des informations dépersonnalisées sur l’exposition professionnelle des travailleurs québécois au plomb dans les établissements pour lesquels des prélèvements ont été réalisés par les intervenants en santé au travail en faisant ressortir les situations où les plus fortes concentrations sont retrouvées. La période totale couvre huit années de calendrier, soit de 1993 à 2000.

Le plomb dans l’air est une substance …

Soutènement Des Excavations Minières Souterraines, John Hadjigeorgiou, Jean-François Lessard, Martin Grenon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Développement D'Une Méthodologie D'Évaluation D'Appareils À Lecture Directe Pour La Détermination Des Prépolymères D'Isocyanates Sous Forme Aérosol, Jacques Lesage, Julie Paradis, Stephan Obarewicz, Claude Ostiguy, Huu Van Tra

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude porte sur le développement de protocoles pour l’évaluation des appareils à lecture directe (ALD) visant la détermination des expositions professionnelles aux monomères et aux oligomères d’isocyanates contenus dans les bases commerciales couramment utilisées en entreprises. En partant de différentes bases commerciales de prépolymères de diisocyanate de diphénylméthane (PMDI), les produits sont générés en laboratoire dans une chambre permettant de les nébuliser en aérosol liquide sous une atmosphère contrôlée. Un échantillonnage en parallèle des ALD avec deux méthodes de laboratoire validées est effectué afin d'évaluer la performance et la limitation de ces appareils.

Les protocoles développés ont permis de …

Logiciel D'Analyse Et De Gestion Du Bruit Ouie 2000 : Développement Et Intégration D'Un Modèle D'Acoustique Prévisionnelle, André L'Espérance

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Le bruit est un des principaux problèmes de santé et de sécurité au travail, mais le manque d’outils d’analyse rend la planification et la mise en œuvre de programmes d’intervention difficiles à réaliser. Pour répondre à ce besoin, le développement d’un logiciel d’analyse et de gestion du bruit a été entrepris. Pour être complet et efficace, un modèle d’acoustique prévisionnelle spécialement adapté devait cependant être mis au point. Le présent projet de recherche et développement visait à développer ce modèle et à développer les fonctionnalités graphiques et les fonctionnalités d’analyse en vue de réaliser un outil complet pouvant être accessible …

Évaluation D'Une Entrave Mobile Visant À Améliorer La Protection Des Opérateurs De Presses À Friction, Raymond Bélanger, Serge Massé, Réal Bourbonnière, Christian Sirard, Renaud Daigle

Rapports de recherche scientifique

No abstract provided.

Chronomètre D'Arrêt Et De Fermeture Des Presses Mécaniques, Denis Turcot, Jérôme Boutin, Serge Massé

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Un appareil de mesure du temps d’arrêt du coulisseau des presses à embrayage à friction et de fermeture des matrices des presses à embrayage à friction et à tour complet a été développé, mis au point et validé. Il permet de faire des mesures ponctuelles et sans modifications sur les différentes presses existantes. Il est composé d’un système d’acquisition et de traitement de données, d’un capteur de déplacement et d’un boîtier de contrôle. Il mesure en continu le déplacement du coulisseau et garde en mémoire l’instant d’activation de la commande de départ, l’instant d’activation de la commande de freinage ainsi …

Testing Alternative Channels For Providing Emergency Contraception To Young Women, John P. Skibiak, Mangala Chambeshi-Moyo, Yusuf Ahmed

Reproductive Health

In September 1997, the Population Council and Lusaka’s University Teaching Hospital (UTH) launched a 15-month study to identify and explore the range of issues relating to the introduction of emergency contraception (EC) within a developing country context. The study allowed clinic-based family planning providers to accumulate enough first-hand experience to be able to identify strategies for overcoming difficulties associated with the introduction or delivery of EC services. One issue on most participants’ minds was the need to expand the delivery of EC services toward young women, especially out-of-school women, who are harder to reach. Participants recommended that future research activities …

A Case Study Of Nairobi City Council's Decentralised Syphilis Screening Programme In Antenatal Clinics, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Elizabeth Mugwe, Bilhah Hagembe, Rick Homan

Reproductive Health

It has long been known that syphilis is one of the more serious sexually transmitted infections (STI), especially during pregnancy when, if untreated, at least 60 percent of infected women will experience an adverse pregnancy outcome. There has been renewed interest in its control and prevention because of its proven link with HIV transmission. In 1992, the Nairobi City Council (NCC) pilot-tested a decentralized approach to syphilis screening and management in a sample of their antenatal clinics. A case study was carried out to assess the effectiveness, readiness, and cost effectiveness of the NCC’s antenatal care program, with a focus …

Bénin: Target Men To Increase Use Of Health Services, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

After initiating health sector reforms in 1994, the Bénin government established the Integrated Family Health Project, known as PROSAF. Funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development, PROSAF operates in the Borgou region, which is mostly rural and has the country’s most severe health problems. PROSAF managers wanted to understand why local people were not using health services, despite their poor health. As noted in this brief, managers requested that the African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC) study the way households and communities make decisions on health care. In a study conducted in 2000 with support from the Population …

Benin: Diríjase A Los Hombres Para Aumentar El Uso De Los Servicios De Salud, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

Después del inicio de las reformas del sector salud en 1994, el gobierno de Benin creó el Proyecto de Salud Familiar Integral, conocido localmente como PROSAF. Este proyecto opera en la región de Borgou, bajo el patrocinio de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional. Dicha región es en su mayoría rural y en ella se observan los problemas de salud más severos del país. Los gerentes de PROSAF deseaban entender por qué la gente no estaba utilizando los servicios a pesar de tener una salud deficiente, por lo que solicitaron al Centro Africano de Investigación en …

Ghana: Community Workers Can Communicate Sti And Hiv/Aids Messages Effectively, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

To support the Government of Ghana’s plan to expand community-based distribution (CBD) programs, the Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana (PPAG) and the Population Council conducted a study in 1999 of the CBD programs of 13 nongovernmental agencies. The study also assessed in depth PPAG’s CBD program, which is the country’s largest and oldest. Data sources included interviews with 301 CBD agents, 27 supervisors, and 20 clinicians in rural and urban areas in 16 districts; observations of 51 PPAG agents interacting with 6 clients each; and 15 focus group discussions with community members, former CBD agents, and CBD clients. CBD programs …

Honduras: Marketing New Reproductive Health Services Is Cost-Effective, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

In 1999, the Honduran Ministry of Health (MOH) revised national guidelines on women’s health services delivery to allow nurse auxiliaries to insert IUDs, give DMPA injections, and take Pap smears. This policy change addresses low contraceptive use among rural women and reflects findings from a 1998 Population Council study that showed that nurse auxiliaries can safely and successfully provide these services. Under the previous guidelines, rural women had limited access to long-term family planning methods. In 2000, the Population Council and the MOH assessed the effectiveness and cost of using a simple leaflet, distributed by nurse auxiliaries, to market the …

Honduras: Promover Nuevos Servicios De Salud Reproductiva Es Costo-Efectivo, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

En 1999, la Secretaría de Salud de Honduras (SSH) modificó las Normas de Atención Integral a la Mujer a fin de autorizar a las auxiliares de enfermería a prestar los servicios de inserción de DIU, aplicación del inyectable DMPA y toma de Papanicolaou. Este cambio en las normas aborda el problema de la baja prevalencia en el uso de anticonceptivos en áreas rurales. El cambio también refleja los hallazgos de un estudio anterior, realizado por el Population Council, que mostró que las auxiliares de enfermería pueden proporcionar estos servicios de manera segura y con buena calidad. Anteriormente, las mujeres en …

Integrating Adolescent Livelihood Activities Within A Reproductive Health Program For Urban Slum Dwellers In India, Dale Huntington, Mary Philip Sebastian, Nirmala Sevlam, Barbara Mensch, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

The Population Council's Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program and the Policy and Research Division are collaborating with CARE India to conduct an operations research study to examine the feasibility and impact of adding livelihood counseling and training, savings activities, and follow-up support to the ongoing reproductive health program for adolescents. The short-term objective is to foster the development of alternative socialization processes for adolescent girls that encourage positive sexual and reproductive health behaviors. As noted in this project update, the study will produce a replicable model for CARE India and other agencies to use in adding livelihood activities to adolescent …

Kenya Update: Frontiers Adolescent Reproductive Health Project, Frontiers In Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health

The Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Project (KARHP) was launched in October 1999 in Busia and Vihiga districts as a three-year operations research study to determine the feasibility, cost, and effectiveness of implementing systematic interventions that address the reproductive health (RH) needs of adolescents aged 10–19 years. This USAID-funded project is part of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program’s global operations research. PATH (Program for Appropriate Technology in Health) is implementing the project, in collaboration with the Ministries of Health, Education, and Home Affairs, Heritage, and Sports. The objective of the study is to establish the effectiveness of interventions …

Reproductive Tract Infections: A Guide For Programme Managers, Sarah Hawkes, Anjali Nayyar, Johannes Van Dam, Kevin R. O'Reilly, Bidia Deperthes, Dinesh Agarwal

Reproductive Health

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) including sexually transmitted infections represent a silent worldwide pandemic that adversely impacts the reproductive health (RH) of women and men. Various community- and hospital-based studies in India have provided insights into the magnitude of the problem. The International Conference on Population and Development (1994) emphasized integration of RH services to meet the needs of men and women especially with prevention and management of RTIs/STIs. The emergence of HIV and the identification of STIs as a risk factor for the spread of HIV have further lent a sense of urgency for a programmatic response to address this …

Operations Research In Reproductive Health And Family Planning At The Cairo Demographic Center, Magdi A. Ibrahim, James R. Foreit, M.E. Khan

Reproductive Health

This report evaluates the effectiveness of a two-year training program at the Cairo Demographic Center to increase the number of researchers using operations research (OR), and to help institutionalize the ability of the Center to offer training in operations research in reproductive health. It also provides feedback for OR curriculum development. The project trained researchers with program and policymaking responsibilities and provided participants with the experience of designing an OR project, and built participants’ skills in communicating research results to managers. Participant evaluations showed that, overall, the course met its objectives. The training that the students received in OR has …

An Assessment Of Selected Sub-Systems Of The Egyptian Norplant® Program, Fatma El-Zanaty, Laila Nawar, Ramadan Hamed

Reproductive Health

The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population and FRONTIERS discussed the need for investigating service delivery aspects of the Egyptian NORPLANT® program. This study emerged from those consultations. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of the program: how services are administered and used through the ongoing Introduction Program as it approaches five years of operation. The report lists major findings with program implications and offers recommendations regarding quality of care; tracking and locating NORPLANT® users; program sustainability; and information, education, and communication strategies.

Expansion Of Postpartum/Postabortion Contraception In Honduras, Ruth Medina, Ricardo Vernon, Irma Mendoza, Claudia Aguilar

Reproductive Health

The Honduran Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Population Council’s INOPAL III Project tested the acceptability of postpartum/postabortion contraception at the Escuela Hospital, the largest in the country. The project showed that more than 30 percent of the women seen for a delivery or a complication due to abortion, were interested in adopting a contraceptive method prior to discharge from the hospital. Given the success of the project, the MOH asked the Population Council’s FRONTIERS program for technical and financial support to extend those services to five additional hospitals in the country. Important improvements were found for the four indicators …

Promoting Reproductive Health Services In Rural Communities In Honduras, Irma Mendoza, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

Using the results of a previous operations research study, the Ministry of Health of Honduras recently changed the National Women’s Health Service Delivery Guidelines to explicitly authorize nurse auxiliaries to insert IUDs, deliver Depo-Provera, and take Pap smears. These services are new to the rural communities served by rural health centers (RHCs). The objective of this project was to test whether the demand for these newly introduced services would increase if a promotional brochure was distributed in the surrounding communities by the RHC’s clients among potentially interested friends in these communities. The study found that the intervention that was tested …

An Assessment Of Youth Centres In South Africa, Annabel Erulkar, Mags Beksinska, Queen Cebekhulu

Reproductive Health

Within South Africa there is much interest in expanding youth center programs, particularly in the nongovernmental sector, in part because of recognition that the HIV/AIDS crisis is disproportionately affecting young South Africans. This study was designed to give implementing agencies and donors a broad view of how the youth centers function, who they reach, and the quality of information and services. The assessment underscored the importance of monitoring the performance of programs and understanding who is being reached with what interventions. Youth centers that focus on providing recreational facilities attract a large number of clients, often boys who are repeat …

An Assessment Of The Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council's Community Based Distribution Programme, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Caroline S. Marangwanda, Ronika Nyakauru, Barbara Janowitz

Reproductive Health

Since its inception, the Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council’s (ZNFPC) community-based distribution (CBD) program has made significant and well-documented contributions to the demand for and use of family planning in Zimbabwe. Data from several studies have shown, however, a steady decline in this contribution and that the CBD agents spend more time resupplying existing clients than recruiting new acceptors. Moreover, the CBD program urgently needs to be able to address the AIDS crisis in the country. ZNFPC has undertaken this review to guide it in making appropriate decisions about the future direction of the program, allowing CBDs to have a …

An Assessment Of The Alternative Rites Approach For Encouraging Abandonment Of Female Genital Mutilation In Kenya, Jane Chege, Ian Askew, Jennifer Liku

Reproductive Health

Maendeleo Ya Wanawake (MYWO), with technical assistance from the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), has been implementing an Alternative Rite of passage programme as part of its efforts to eradicate the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) in five districts in Kenya. This study addressed the factors that influence some families and individuals to adopt the Alternative Rite while others, exposed to the same messages discouraging FGM, decide not to. It also evaluated the effect of the training component of the Alternative Rite on the girls who participated.

Strengthening Social Science Research On Women's Health: Lessons Learned From A Capacity Building Programme, M.E. Khan, Bella C. Patel, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

The International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 led to an upsurge in interest in implementing reproductive health (RH) programs worldwide. The urgency to act has led to the development of disparate activities in several developing countries including India. While programs have been growing in numbers, their quality is in question. A fundamental problem has been lack of capacity at all levels of the health service system to respond to the paradigm shift articulated by the advocates of the reproductive health and rights agenda. To redesign programs, considerable research must be undertaken to understand the health needs and sociocultural …

Special Studies Program Of The Pilot Health Project: West Bank And Gaza, Mahmoud Shaheen, Laila Nawar, Dale Huntington, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

The Special Studies Program was implemented as part of the Pilot Health Project in the West Bank and Gaza to provide small grants to Palestinian researchers, research organizations, and advanced graduate students to conduct research that examines critical reproductive health topics related to maternal and child health care, including family planning. The research implemented under the Special Studies Program covered a range of topics including male involvement in reproductive health, clients' satisfaction with family planning programs, the relationship between early marriage and the delivery of premature infants, factors affecting compliance for iron supplementation, and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The research …

Diverse Realities: Understanding Sexually Transmitted Infections And Hiv In India, Sarah Hawkes, K.G. Santhya

Reproductive Health

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, currently have high salience on the health care agendas of many countries, including India. Strategies for their control are ideally based on a number of well-recognised principles. These include: assessments of the burden of disease; the availability of interventions at policy and programme levels, to influence behaviour change and technical ‘solutions’; and the calculated cost-effectiveness of these interventions. In the case of India, data to inform these principles are often lacking in the case of STI control. In this paper we have reviewed the evidence base for STI control in the Indian context. The …

The Globalization Of Public Health: The First 100 Years Of International Health Diplomacy, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Global threats to public health in the 19th century sparked the development of international health diplomacy. Many international regimes on public health issues were created between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. The present article analyses the global risks in this field and the international legal responses to them between 1851 and 1951, and explores the lessons from the first century of international health diplomacy of relevance to contemporary efforts to deal with the globalization of public health.

Book Review. Gostin On Public Health Law, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.