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Doctors Without Borders, Cisr Journal

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

When a natural or a man-made disaster strikes a developing country, death and disease is often compounded by a lack of adequate medical care. In many war-torn countries, animosity is so great between warring factions that medical care is often denied to those in need because of their religion, ethnic identity, or political affiliations. In such cases, who will help the helpless? In 1971, a group of concerned physicians established Doctors Without Borders/ Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), to provide emergency assistance wherever wars and man-made disasters occur. Since then, MSF has grown into the world's largest independent international medical relief …

Prosthetics & Orthotics A Personal View From Cambodia, Carson Harte

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Landmine victims have been the focus of attention since the formation of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), and this naturally peaked in 1997 with the signing of the Ottawa agreement. This event, while incredible, needs to be looked at as part of an ongoing process in the rehabilitation of people with mobility impairment living in low income. These are often considered as only landmine victims, but the context is wider. While the continuing work of ratification, awareness raising, advocacy planning etc. goes on, it is useful to look at the context of the ongoing work in rehab, the …

Angola, An Eyewitness Report Of The Landmine Crisis, Helen Long

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Leaving the humidity and incessant noise of the Angolan capital, Luanda, whose streets are cluttered with cars and bands of children who subsist on a diet of refuse and insults, the elderly Hercules, a plane loaded with American corn, climbed unsteadily into the gray monsoon sky. It was the second flight the Hercules had made that morning to Malange, the northwestern provincial capital, and another ten planes laden with food were scheduled to follow that day. Malange is just one of more than 20 destinations that food and relief supplies are flown to everyday to keep alive the 2 million …

The Cresset (Vol. Lxiii, No. 1, Michaelmas), Valparaiso University

The Cresset (archived issues)

No abstract provided.

Groping For Autonomy: The Federal Government And American Hospitals, Robert B. Hackey

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

This article chronicles the slow but steady emergence of countervailing power in the hospital industry since mid-century. The transformation of American health care policymaking reflects the federal government's growing fiscal obligations as the single largest purchaser of health care. As John Kenneth Galbraith [1956,113] notes, "Power on one side of a market creates both the need for, and the prospect of reward to, the exercise of countervailing power from the other side." The federal government's effort to exercise countervailing power over health care providers shows no sign of abating in the future, for Medicare and Medicaid costs threaten the stability …

The Middle East In World Affairs Understanding Iran's Changing Transnational And International Role, Marla Renfro

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

In 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran emerged on the international stage and began to establish itself as a participant in global terrorism. Throughout the period 1979-96, officials linked numerous terrorist actions and operations to Iran; this link could have involve Iran's direct sponsorship or indirect involvement, such as by providing monetary support to operatives. In order to develop strategies to prevent or minimize the threat of terrorist attack, Iran's role in global terrorism must be assessed.

The purpose of this work is threefold: to demonstrate the role taken by Iran in global terrorism from 1979 to 1996, to explain …

The Logic Of The Biological Warfare Terrorist: An Example From Afghanistan, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article highlights the sequences of logic that can thwart counterterrorist analysis and operations and optimize the political benefits of a terrorist's biological warfare operations.

The Eritrea-Ethiopia War: How Helpful Are Psychological Theories Of Warfare?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article considers common psychological theories of warfare in light of the current Eritrea- Ethiopia war.

Opportunities For An Integrated Demining Strategy In Rural Areas, U Weyl

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

As early as 1993, GTZ was one of the first organizations to recognize the importance of community mine awareness within the framework of mine survey and clearance operations. GTZ also recognized that there needs to be a partnership between the development organization and mine clearance operator. It is this partnership, which is the foundation upon which the IHDD concept has been built, modified and adapted. The CMAD concept has been developed for those communities that are deemed low priority for mine action support. The process of modification and adaptation has been continuous. It has spanned every facet of the concepts, …

United States Interagency Team Visits South Africa, John G. Zavales

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

In February 1999, an U.S. interagency team of humanitarian demining experts, including representatives of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, State Department, and U.S. European Command, visited South Africa. The purpose of this visit was to familiarize the team with South African demining research and development (R&D), and operations; and to conduct meetings on possible areas of cooperation between the two countries. This initiative was an outgrowth of the U.S. South Africa Bi-national Commission (BNC), which is chaired by Vice President Al Gore and Deputy President Thabo Mbeki.

Angola Shows Ottawa Achilles Heel, Joe Lokey

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Landmines are a bad thing. I know that. You know that. Everyone at Ottawa knew that. Even the Angolan Representative who signed the Mine Ban Treaty in Ottawa in December of 1997 knew that. But someone forgot to tell Dr. Jonas Savimbi. Whatever we may think of him, the head of Angola's UNITA (Union for Total Liberation of Angola) liberation group is not out of place in history along with many others intent on being King and overthrowing what they see as a repressive government. Landmines, it seems, are simply a tool in a deadly toolbox.

"Gardens Of The Devil" A Report From Western Egypt, Dennis Barlow

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Sometimes the creation of a new policy or international initiative can produce unexpected results. Such is the case in the desert of Western Egypt where the legacy of mine warfare of World War II warriors is only now being assessed seriously through the focus of current mine action activities. Despite the fact that the great armies of Field Marshals Montgomery and Rommel fought in North Africa almost sixty years ago, the legacy of those surges and counter surges, sieges and counter sieges, is still being felt by the inhabitants and Bedouins who live or travel there.

The Future Of War, Robert J. Bunker

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Caribbean: Online Bibliography Environmental History Of Latin America, Darcy C. Del Bosque

Library Faculty Research

This is an annotated bibliography of articles, conference proceedings, reports, and books.

In Harm's Way: The Continued Relevance Of The U.S. Navy's Forward Presence Mission In The Post-Cold War World, Christopher B. Earls

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

With the breakup of the Soviet Union, the United States Navy has seen the fleet shrink from nearly 600 ships in 1988 to 320 ships in 1999, with a planned reduction to 305 ships by 2004. While the fleet has been reduced by nearly 50 percent over the last decade, the deployment of U.S. naval forces has continued at near-Cold War levels. The result is a mismatch between the national security requirements that naval forces are called on to support, and the forces available to meet those requirements. Some have suggested that the traditional forward presence mission of the Navy-Marine …

The Octofoil, January/February 1999, Ninth Infantry Division Association

The Octofoil

The Octofoil is the offical publication of the Ninth Infantry Division Association, Inc., an organization formed by the officers and men of the 9th Infantry Division in order to perpetuate the memory of fallen comrades, preserve the esprit de corps of the Division, promote peace and serve as an information bureau about the 9th Infantry Division. The Association is made up of 9th Infantry veterans from WWII and Vietnam, spouses, widows and lineal descendants.

Trends. Palestinian Mothers And The Death Of Terrorism, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the notion that there are no innocent victims as a component of terrorism.

Nuclear Psychologies: On The First Use Of Nuclear Weapons And Reductions In Nuclear Arsenals, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes how the psychological rationales for, and the consequences of, the same nuclear policies can be constructed very differently by different groups of nuclear policymakers. Some possible rationales for these differences are offered.

A Survey Of Research On Sensor Technology For Landmine Detection, Claudio Bruschini, Bertrand Gros

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

According to official figures, more than 100 million landmines lie buried around the world. Although intended for warfare, these mines remain active after warfare ends. Each day these mines are triggered accidentally by civilian activities, ravaging the land and killing or maiming innocent people. To help stop this destruction of the environment and humanity, the scientific community must develop effective humanitarian demining. Mine detection is especially vital to humanitarian demining. The goal of military demining is to clear enough mines quickly to allow troops through a land area. Military demining usually requires mine destruction rates of 80%. The goal of …

A Comprehensive Mapping Of Conflict And Conflict Resolution: A Three Pillar Approach, Dennis J. D. Sandole

Peace and Conflict Studies

Excerpt

As I contemplate the rise worldwide in intrastate (in contrast to interstate) conflicts (see, e.g., van Creveld, 1991 and K. Holsti, 1996), leading to Yugoslavian and Rwandan-type situations, I sense the need to do something about them. As Rousseau has said, "wars occur because there is nothing to prevent them" (cited in Waltz, 1959, p. 232). And quite frankly, there are few, if any, mechanisms worldwide relevant to staving off a future Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and the like (see Lund, 1996): witness the unfolding of the violent Albanian-Serbian conflict in Kosovo into a possible, wider Balkan war (see, e.g., …

Nonexplosive Warfare: Is It New Or Old?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a contrary opinion to the analysis of the new United States Secretary of the Navy, Richard Danzig, concerning biological warfare agents and computer-attack variants of information warfare. The opinion is based on the perspective of science and technological change within the context of social, cultural, and political phenomena.

And They Killed No Enemy: Taiwan's Landmines, Joe Lokey

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Landmines are a remarkably wonderful little invention...from a military view. Since their systematic introduction to warfare doctrine in the spring of 1862 in the American Civil War, they have been used to deter, route, terrorize and harass opposing forces. Though their moral foundation has been in question since the beginning, little serious thought has been given to the effect of these perfect little soldiers on non-combatants--until recently. Our dark history provides numerous examples of the post-conflict madness inflicted by landmines and the other hubris of war on communities at peace. Rarely, however, do we find a case where landmines planted …

Myths, Mines, And Ground Clearance, Andy Smith

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The following article deals with some common misconceptions about deminers, demining, and demining equipment. It is not an academic paper, but it is rather a discussion prompt. Some of the points are old enough to appear bearded to the field men--sorry about that--but newcomers still need to hear them. A few are contentious. To some extent, I am playing devil's advocate although all of the points raised in this article have arisen during my field work. I believe that they deserve an airing, and I would be interested to hear any well-reasoned, contrary opinions, or any words of support.

The Factors That Motivated American Ground Forces To Fight During Combat In Vietnam, William A. Schum

Theses and Dissertations

Many people debate the policies of the United States government with respect to the conduct of the Vietnam War. The war was unpopular, at best, and many argued that our military should not have fought for South Vietnam. So, what compelled American ground forces to fight an atypical enemy? This thesis explores the motivational factors that influenced the military ground forces on a daily basis. Past research conducted on previous wars serves as the guideline for the methodology used. Combat narratives are the data sources and references to motivational factors by the authors are the data. As a whole, the …

Political Denial As A Counterintelligence Vehicle To Counter Counterterrorist Operations: The Sudan, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes the political denial that is implemented by terrorists and supporters of terrorists after an adversary counterterrorist operation and that is intended to impede future operations. Sudanese-sponsored and supported terrorism and United States Government counterterrorist operations are used as an example. The analysis is predicated on the assumption that there is incontrovertible intelligence data supporting the belief that Shifa Pharamceutical Industries in Sudan was engaged in the development and/or transshipment of the chemical warfare agent VX--an assumption based on the alleged detection of a VX precursor that allegedly has no legitimate business or industrial use. (IBPP Note: As …

Trends. Terrorism And Biological Warfare: A Problem Of Perspective, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the cunundrum of how to best deter or manage a biological warfare (BW) attack by terrorists.

Information Warfare: The Computer Revolution Is Altering How Future Wars Will Be Conducted, Stephen R. Bowers

Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Taliban Touch: Is Smashing Tv Sets A Smashing Idea?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article contains a commentary on a new public policy announced by the Taliban movement in Afghanistan that will proscribe televisions, videocassette recorders, videotapes, and satellite dishes among the people under its control. The commentary focuses on the potential political consequences of this policy based on psychological research on the effects of television.

Political Impacts Of Catholic Education In Decolonization : Hong Kong And Macau, Beatrice Leung

CAPS Working Paper Series

This article aims at discussing the partnership of Catholic education with the British and Portuguese in colonial times. Then it will move to Catholic education and its interaction with the societies of these two territories in the process of decolonization. In other words it will discuss to what degree the return of Hong Kong and Macau to the People's Republic of China (PRC) has affected Catholic educational policies in the context of the special nature of the Catholic church in Hong Kong and Macau. Discussion will be in the context of the Catholic-China relationship, which is the underlying problem of …

Us Pacific Command: Pacom Demining, Cisr Journal

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

The responsibility for humanitarian demining operations and training in the US Pacific Command falls on the Special Operations Command, Pacific (SOCPAC), which is located at Camp H.M. Smith in Hawaii. SOCPAC is the U.S. Commander-in-Chief, Pacific (USCINCPAC) executive agent for all demining operations and related activities such as mine awareness.