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Articles 721 - 750 of 14828
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Principal-Agent Theory: An Examination Of Success Variations In Government-Funded Highway Infrastructure Projects In The United States, Felicia Mcintyre
Principal-Agent Theory: An Examination Of Success Variations In Government-Funded Highway Infrastructure Projects In The United States, Felicia Mcintyre
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This quantitative, nonexperimental, analytical, and cross-sectional study examined the extent to which procurement models, financial risk allocation, and principal-agent communication complexities influenced the success of government-funded highway infrastructure projects in the United States (US). Data were collected from 84 completed highway infrastructure projects (N = 84) between 2001 and 2024 from the US Major Projects Database. Regression analysis and bootstrapped standard errors showed that the procurement model selected significantly affected project success. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) were shown to effectively reduce time overruns with a strong relationship potential for controlling project time growth. There were no statistically significant indirect effects of …
Russian Foreign Policy Narratives And Their Impact On The United States And The International Community, Magdeline Joy Hedrick
Russian Foreign Policy Narratives And Their Impact On The United States And The International Community, Magdeline Joy Hedrick
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
This study examines how Russian foreign policy narratives shape Western reactions, using the 2008 Russo-Georgian War, the 2014 annexation of Crimea, and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine as case studies. While previous research has explored how narratives function in foreign policy, this study focuses on how Russia’s rhetorical strategies- such as deflection, defense, and justification- relate to Western reactions, defined here as public statements of condemnation, sanctions, or calls for behavioral change. The data for this study is composed of over 4,000 statements, speeches, press releases, and other key discourse from 70 different Russian and Western officials. Discourse analysis was …
Accounting For The Decline Of Service Delivery In Urban Local Authorities: A Survey Of Zimbabwean Cities And Towns, Wenceslaus Mudyanadzo, Makomborero Y. Nzwatu
Accounting For The Decline Of Service Delivery In Urban Local Authorities: A Survey Of Zimbabwean Cities And Towns, Wenceslaus Mudyanadzo, Makomborero Y. Nzwatu
Journal of African Policy Studies
This paper presents a review of several factors which account for the decline of service delivery in urban local authorities within Zimbabwe. The study utilised desk research methodology to explore and analyse relevant data which was in government legislation, ministerial statements, public and private media articles, books and journals to come up with the totality of the environment relating directly or indirectly to the decline of service delivery in local authorities (LAs). The evidence cited is based on findings from identified urban local authorities which include Harare, Chitungwiza, Gweru, Mutare, Masvingo and Bulawayo City Councils. Themes surrounding the interference in …
The Case Against Police Militarization: Stop Turning Police Into Soldiers, Kenia A. Silva Garcia
The Case Against Police Militarization: Stop Turning Police Into Soldiers, Kenia A. Silva Garcia
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper will critically explore police militarization in the United States, highlighting its origins, implications, and the urgent need to demilitarize them. The rise of militarized police forces began in the 1960s—the War on Drugs and federal programs that allowed military equipment to be transferred to local police departments made their expansion even more possible. Due to this expansion, this paper discusses that police should not be militarized because it increases violence, disproportionately affects marginalized communities, particularly racial minorities, and ultimately fails to reduce crime. Evidence suggests that militarized police forces foster systemic inequalities that are rooted in historical racism—a …
Prisoner Reentry Into Society Viewed Through The Lens Of Women, Jalak Parekh
Prisoner Reentry Into Society Viewed Through The Lens Of Women, Jalak Parekh
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
In the 1970s, President Richard Nixon declared a War on Drugs and initiated a series of policies that were intended to combat the use of illegal drugs by implementing severe sentences for drug-related crimes. As a result, the focus of the criminal justice system veered away from rehabilitation efforts. Today, the U.S. criminal justice system has considerably high rates of recidivism. This paper examines the importance of successful reentry into society for formerly incarcerated women, especially those who must resume a caregiver role to their children. However, a relapse into criminal behavior seems imminent due to societal barriers in obtaining …
How The Integration Of Bosnian Refugees In Saint Louis Is A Model For Success For Current Afghan Refugees And Future Resettlements In The U.S., Indira Kar
Senior Theses
Refugee resettlement and integration are vital in fostering inclusive communities, enriching local economies, and promoting cultural diversity while also offering displaced individuals the opportunity to rebuild their lives in safety. Considering the successful resettlement of Bosnian refugees in St. Louis, Missouri, starting in the 1990s, I explored what factors could be attributed to their positive integration outcomes. I found a combination of (1) policy, (2) social compatibility, and (3) cultural values that can be attributed to their thriving community and applied these factors to the recent resettlement of Afghan refugees in St. Louis. While Afghan refugees have found success in …
Shifting To A Culture Of Inclusion By Design: Applying A Mixed-Methods Approach To Advance Accessibility Of Public Health Emergency Information & Communication Technology, Jessica L. Franks, Erin Vinoski Thomas
Shifting To A Culture Of Inclusion By Design: Applying A Mixed-Methods Approach To Advance Accessibility Of Public Health Emergency Information & Communication Technology, Jessica L. Franks, Erin Vinoski Thomas
Developmental Disabilities Network Journal
Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience inequities in access to timely, accurate, and understandable information and communication technology (ICT), which increases risk for public health emergency (PHE)-related health disparities and impedes opportunities to achieve optimal health. This study assessed federal COVID-19 webpage accessibility levels and explored existing knowledge of and experience with filing accessibility complaints for federal ICT among adults with IDD. Through a mixed-methods approach, we evaluated compliance with accessibility standards for 18 federal agencies’ COVID-19 webpages (study 1) and interviewed 16 adults with IDD about experiences accessing federal webpages and filing accessibility complaints (study 2). We …
Ai Governance In The Gaming Industry: A Proposal For A Use Case Registry, Cesar D. Lozoya Martinez
Ai Governance In The Gaming Industry: A Proposal For A Use Case Registry, Cesar D. Lozoya Martinez
Student Research
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into everyday life. From customer service chatbots and marketing strategies to player protection tools and surveillance systems, casino operations are embracing the trend. However, without a systematic framework to track the current and emerging use cases across the industry, concerns about transparency, ethical use, and potential consumer harm continue to grow. Rather than aiming to establish binding regulatory practices for an industry and technology that are both quickly evolving, this policy brief advocates for the creation of an AI-use case registry. The registry would comprehensively track gaming companies that are using AI. The growing …
Who Owns The Wind: The Absence Of Community Wind Farms In California, Sky Berry-Weiss
Who Owns The Wind: The Absence Of Community Wind Farms In California, Sky Berry-Weiss
Master's Projects and Capstones
Community ownership structures for wind farms have been around for decades, particularly in European countries, due to high socioeconomic benefits. Given these significant benefits, one might expect community wind to thrive in the United States—especially in a state like California, which prides itself on progressive climate policy and renewable energy leadership. Yet utility-scale community wind remains largely absent from research on California’s energy system, raising questions about its existence in the state. To pinpoint how many utility-scale community owned wind farms are in California, this study surveys every operational wind turbine in the state. After classifying each wind farm by …
Enhancing Water Supply Resilience & Sustainability: Potential Solutions To Address Water Scarcity In Bogotá, Colombia, Sophia Alvarez Wong
Enhancing Water Supply Resilience & Sustainability: Potential Solutions To Address Water Scarcity In Bogotá, Colombia, Sophia Alvarez Wong
Master's Projects and Capstones
Municipal water utilities are in urgent need of adapting to the intensifying impacts of climate change and population growth—key drivers of urban water scarcity worldwide. In rapidly expanding cities like Bogota, Colombia, these pressures have contributed to a severe water crisis driven by prolonged droughts, ecosystem degradation, increasing water demands, and overdependence on limited water sources. This study explores potential adaptation and management strategies that utilities can implement to sustainably strengthen supply system resilience and enhance water security, in the context of low- to middle-income regions. A series of comparative and case study analyses were conducted to assess the feasibility …
Two-Way Random Effects Model With Serial Correlation, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne
Two-Way Random Effects Model With Serial Correlation, Badi H. Baltagi, Georges Bresson, Jean-Michel Etienne
Center for Policy Research
This paper derives a feasible GLS estimator for a two-way error component model with serial correlation on both the time effects as well as the remainder disturbances. This estimator is based on two methods, one proposed by De Porres and Krishnakumar (2013) for deriving the spectral decomposition of a general error component structure and the other based on an inversion trick for the variance-covariance matrix of this model suggested by Skoglund and Karlsson (2001). While the last paper used maximum likelihood methods under the normality assumption, we use method of moments estimators following Baltagi and Li (1991) for the one-way …
Puerto Rico's Coast: Preservation Through Positive Obligations On Property Owners And The State In The Context Of Climate Change, Jaime Villeta-Garcia
Puerto Rico's Coast: Preservation Through Positive Obligations On Property Owners And The State In The Context Of Climate Change, Jaime Villeta-Garcia
Journal of Comparative Urban Law and Policy
The rise in sea level, the obvious rampant coastal erosion and the uncertain future due to climate change urge the need to rethink the coast, through property and administrative law. The security of life, property and the fair and orderly use of the ultra-valuable resources that is the coast depend on a new concept for properties in the coastal zone and its effective execution by a conscious and responsible State. Centered on the community of Ocean Park in San Juan, Puerto Rico, it’s no longer a question of whether coastal property rights can contribute to safeguarding the coast, but rather …
Climate Change Behind Prison Walls: Environmental Justice, Prison Abolition, And Social Welfare, Mia Moody
Climate Change Behind Prison Walls: Environmental Justice, Prison Abolition, And Social Welfare, Mia Moody
Student Theses 2015-Present
Unbeknownst to many, human rights violations occur on a large scale behind prison walls. This paper examines some of these violations, especially those exacerbated by climate change, through an environmental lense in order to emphasize the need for social welfare-based solutions in the abolition of the prison industrial complex. It also seeks to illustrate the connection between the environmental justice movement and the prison abolition movement so that marginalized peoples may be free from shouldering disproportionate effects of environmental hazards and imprisonment. This paper is introduced with a brief overview of the human rights violations occurring in prisons. Using quantitative …
Restoring Confidence In Our Elections: An Analysis Of Post-Election Audits In South Dakota, Evan Sippel
Restoring Confidence In Our Elections: An Analysis Of Post-Election Audits In South Dakota, Evan Sippel
Honors Thesis
Post-election audits have been a standard practice for election officials across much of the United States since the 2000 presidential election. However, there were still six states that had never performed a post-election audit as the nation prepared for the 2020 presidential election. Due to the controversies of the 2020 presidential election and the resulting decrease in voter confidence, particularly among Republican voters, there was a concerted effort in the few remaining states to pass legislation that would require election officials to conduct post-election audits. In response to this pressure, South Dakota passed a law to require that election officials …
Living In Paradise? Cameroonian Women In The American Diaspora, Joseph Takougang
Living In Paradise? Cameroonian Women In The American Diaspora, Joseph Takougang
Journal of African Policy Studies
For decades after independence, African migration was a phenomenon that could be attributed to a patriarchal culture that encouraged male domination. Later, that traditional mindset was reinforced by a colonial system that often marginalized the role of women in many African societies. Indeed, because young men were more likely to be educated than their female counterparts under the colonial system, they were advantaged after independence to attend institutions of higher learning abroad when it became necessary to train young Africans to occupy important government and other decision-making positions in the newly independent states. Recently, however, women have become important players, …
Africa And Us Foreign Direct Investments In The 21st Century: The Contours Of Global Engagement, Moses K. Tesi
Africa And Us Foreign Direct Investments In The 21st Century: The Contours Of Global Engagement, Moses K. Tesi
Journal of African Policy Studies
The focus of this article is to analyze the state of US private investments in Africa, the nature, pattern, and trend of such investments, and various ideas about factors that have either inhibited or accelerated the growth of investment flows to countries in the region. US private investments in Africa were inconsequential from the 1960s to 1990s, but in the 2000s, significant efforts were made by the US government to encourage, promote, and support private US firms to invest in Africa, and efforts were also made by African governments to increase US private investments on the continent. My research shows …
Women And The Policy Process: Minimum Marriageable Age Policy Adoption In Nigeria, Ene Ekpebe
Women And The Policy Process: Minimum Marriageable Age Policy Adoption In Nigeria, Ene Ekpebe
Journal of African Policy Studies
Nigeria has the eleventh highest incidence of early marriage – marriage before the age of 18 – in the world. This is problematic because early marriage has been shown to have significant health and socioeconomic disadvantages for girls. In 2003, the Child Rights Act (CRA) was adopted by the federal government of Nigeria. One of its provisions was a prohibition of early marriage. As of 2022, 25 of Nigeria’s 36 states had adopted the CRA. However, only 23 have adopted its minimum marriageable age provision without exception. This paper discusses the factors affecting the adoption of the CRA’s minimum marriageable …
Bridging The Justice Gap: Low-Income Taxpayer Clinic At North Mississippi Rural Legal Services, Emma-Kathryn Bond
Bridging The Justice Gap: Low-Income Taxpayer Clinic At North Mississippi Rural Legal Services, Emma-Kathryn Bond
Honors Theses
Over the course of two years, I spent more than 130 hours completing on-the- ground volunteer work with the Low-Income Taxpayer Clinic (LITC), a clinic within North Mississippi Rural Legal Services that provides free legal assistance to individuals navigating disputes with the IRS. While the Sixth Amendment guarantees legal representation in criminal cases, no such guarantee exists for civil matters such as tax disputes, housing instability, or loss of public benefits. Clinics like LITC fill a crucial gap by offering support in areas that are often overlooked, such as tax law, where clients risk audits, wage garnishments, and court proceedings …
Archives In Cameroon In Public Development Policies: From Five-Year Plans To The National Development Strategy 2020–2030, Esther Olembe
Archives In Cameroon In Public Development Policies: From Five-Year Plans To The National Development Strategy 2020–2030, Esther Olembe
Journal of African Policy Studies
This article examines the role of archives in Cameroon’s public development policies, from post-independence five-year plans to the National Development Strategy 2020–2030 (SND2020–2030). After gaining independence, African countries sought to formulate endogenous development policies, often influenced by international cooperation models. However, archives have paradoxically remained relatively marginal in these development processes, despite being crucial for continuity and transparency in public actions, as demonstrated in the reviewed literature. The article highlights the challenges of integrating archive management systems into development strategies, despite being essential for the planning, management, and evaluation of public policies. It also analyzes current archiving policies and proposes …
Nigeria's Federalism And The Threat Of Secession: The Case Of The Ipob, Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo, Osadola Oluwaseun Samuel
Nigeria's Federalism And The Threat Of Secession: The Case Of The Ipob, Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo, Osadola Oluwaseun Samuel
Journal of African Policy Studies
Since 2015, there has been renewed agitation for the creation of the Republic of Biafra. This article focuses on one of the two organizations involved in that struggle: The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB, the second being the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra, MASSOB). The Federation of Nigeria, inaugurated on 1 October 1954 under the Lyttelton Constitution, which became operational on that date, has been assailed by a plethora of centrifugal pulls and secession threats since 1950. While many of these threats were resolved politically and at round tables, a few had involved armed confrontation …
Disclosure Of Positive Serostatus Among People Living With Hiv In Terna, Ghana: Decisions And Outcomes, Ethel O. Sakitey, Ami R. Moore, Foster K. Amey
Disclosure Of Positive Serostatus Among People Living With Hiv In Terna, Ghana: Decisions And Outcomes, Ethel O. Sakitey, Ami R. Moore, Foster K. Amey
Journal of African Policy Studies
Disclosure of a positive HIV serostatus is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. This study uses a mixed methods approach to examine disclosure and outcome related issues among a randomly selected group of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLH) in Terna, Ghana. Overall, disclosure was relatively high among the PLH. The qualitative data showed that PLH first assessed people in their lives to whom they could potentially disclose and only disclose to those they believed would accept them, provide them support, and/or keep disclosure secret. However, some PLH inaccurately predicted the reactions of people to whom they disclosed their serostatus. Also, an …
Nigeria's Retirement Pension System And Elderly Poverty, Tonyesima Furro
Nigeria's Retirement Pension System And Elderly Poverty, Tonyesima Furro
Journal of African Policy Studies
This study examines the nature of Nigeria's contributory retirement pension system. It shows that the government took monthly payroll deductions from the incomes of retirees and deposited in said retirement funds. Prior to retirement, retirees would receive a severance package of a lump-sum payment of a few months to a few years' earnings. They were assured that their regularly scheduled monthly disbursement would be remitted to their designated bank accounts. But due to the cumbersome bureaucratic procedures, many pension claimants were unsuccessful in receiving their benefits before death. The study reveals that the nation's pension administration system is characterized by …
Pastoralism, Social Protection And Vision 2030 In Kenya: Possibilities And Prospects, Maurice N. Amutabi
Pastoralism, Social Protection And Vision 2030 In Kenya: Possibilities And Prospects, Maurice N. Amutabi
Journal of African Policy Studies
This paper is based on research which investigated the availability of social protection structures and institutions among pastoralists in northern Kenya. Social protection, which consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption/loss of income is something that northern Kenya needs. The paper faults Vision 2030 and suggests mechanisms and ways in which pastoralists can be incorporated in Kenya's development more meaningfully. The argument is that Vision 2030 has not addressed the plight of pastoralists in political, …
Islamic Political System In Sudan And Its National, Regional, And International Impact, Solomon Hailu
Islamic Political System In Sudan And Its National, Regional, And International Impact, Solomon Hailu
Journal of African Policy Studies
No abstract provided.
China In Africa: A Critical Examination Of Its Peacekeeping And Peacebuilding Activities, Earl Conteh-Morgan, Patti Weeks
China In Africa: A Critical Examination Of Its Peacekeeping And Peacebuilding Activities, Earl Conteh-Morgan, Patti Weeks
Journal of African Policy Studies
The objective of this analysis is to examine and critically assess the peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts of China in Africa generally. In other words, what level of support does China provide to African peacekeeping efforts? What is China's rationale for engaging in peacekeeping and peacebuilding in SSA? What is the nature of its activities in those areas? What does it emphasize in its peacebuilding and peacekeeping activities?
Africa's Economic Growth And Development Dilemma: Dysfunctional Leadership, Oluwole Owoye, Olugbenga A. Onafowora
Africa's Economic Growth And Development Dilemma: Dysfunctional Leadership, Oluwole Owoye, Olugbenga A. Onafowora
Journal of African Policy Studies
This paper examines the impact of leadership on economic growth and development in all African countries. The historical records of leadership changes in African countries since independence show a dichotomous pattern. In 23 countries, the changes in leadership occurred more frequently, which indicated a "scramble" for leadership. In 30 countries, the changes in leadership were infrequent, which fit the "strongman-sit-tight" leadership syndrome. Based on the historical data of leadership changes, we construct the ideal leadership bounds for each country and compute the indices of dysfunctional leadership. We find that the index is positive in countries with more frequent leadership changes …
Youth Participation In Local And National Development In Ghana, Ca. 1620–2013, Ransford Gyampo, Franklin Obeng-Odoom
Youth Participation In Local And National Development In Ghana, Ca. 1620–2013, Ransford Gyampo, Franklin Obeng-Odoom
Journal of African Policy Studies
While there has been a long tradition in development studies on analyzing types of participation and their effectiveness, the idea that participation is not stationary, but that it can evolve with variegated experiences, is relatively unexplored. This paper takes up the challenge of showing how participation in development planning can change, the role of underlying institutions, and the implications of evolutionary participatory development for policy making. It uses a critical postcolonial approach and zooms in on the role of the youth in development planning in Ghana. It knits together the diverse processes and dynamics of youth participation in postcolonial Ghana …
Waste Of Colossal Oil Revenues, Corruption And Lack Of Development In Nigeria: Five Decades Of Self-Governance And Four Decades Of Oil-Driven Economy, Tonyesima Furro
Waste Of Colossal Oil Revenues, Corruption And Lack Of Development In Nigeria: Five Decades Of Self-Governance And Four Decades Of Oil-Driven Economy, Tonyesima Furro
Journal of African Policy Studies
The study examines the circumstances that have continually plagued the Nigerian state to remain in its doldrums of underdevelopment after five decades of self-governance and four decades of oil driven economy. The nation has not been able to catapult itself from a Third World to that of developed nation such as South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia - all of which are less naturally endowed than Nigeria. The nation's economy has been supported by oil over the last 40 years. However, successive administrations both the generals and civilian rule have continued to follow similar patterns of squandering vast resources of the …
Anti-Corruption Inspections: A Missing Element Of The Imf/World Bank Agenda?, Stuart S. Yeh
Anti-Corruption Inspections: A Missing Element Of The Imf/World Bank Agenda?, Stuart S. Yeh
Journal of African Policy Studies
This article draws upon a range of empirical and theoretical literature to advance a theoretical argument that an international treaty is needed to establish international inspectors who would be empowered to conduct independent investigations into allegations of corruption. This type of treaty could serve to deter and reduce the level of corruption in sub-Saharan Africa, thereby promoting the rule of law, good governance, and economic growth in this region. In this view, a change in international law is needed to deter corruption and lay a foundation for good governance that would permit Western assistance to be effective. In contrast, the …
Factors Affecting Voting Behavior And Voting Patterns In Zimbabwe's 2008 Harmonized Elections, Dorothy Goredema, Percyslage Chigora
Factors Affecting Voting Behavior And Voting Patterns In Zimbabwe's 2008 Harmonized Elections, Dorothy Goredema, Percyslage Chigora
Journal of African Policy Studies
Elections in Zimbabwe in 2008 reflected a changing behavior and pattern that has existed since her attainment of independence in 1980. History has it that the ruling ZANU PF has always had a sweet and easy victory over the opposition. The 2008 elections reflected a different picture. The 2008 elections were unique not only in as far as results are concerned but also in as far as the indirect and direct players' contributions. The uniqueness was manifested in behavior of the voters and the parties themselves. There were many political contesters and many offices up for grabs at once. These …