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Schedule-Induced Polydipsia: Effects Of Delayed Water Availability, James Thomas Rowan

Masters Theses

Five albino rats developed schedule-induced polydipsia when placed on a fixed-interval 90 second or fixed-time 90 second schedule of food reinforcement with water concurrently available on a fixed-ratio two. The imposition of 15 second and 30 second delay contingencies on water availability following pellet delivery failed to eliminate the schedule-induced polydipsia. Results are discussed in terms of two hypotheses previously proposed to account for the post-pellet nature of the schedule-induced polydipsic phenomenon.

The Effects Of A Programmed Sex Education Course On Institutionalized Mental Patients, Alan G. Zukerman

Masters Theses

There is an apparent need for sex education programs targeted to young institutionalized mental patients. A sex education course was developed that could be easily disseminate and have potential general applications and utility in institutional settings. Data were taken on the effectiveness of the course, its effects on sexual and sex-related values of the subjects, its influence on selfratings of behavior, and evaluative responses of the subjects to the course itself. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used with a control group included. The results showed that factual knowledge in sexual areas was significantly increased by the course. Experimental subjects' values …

Effects Of Manipulating Enforced Attention And Reinforcement For Correctness On The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Performances Of Kindergarten Children, Galen James Alessi

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Learning Set And Generalization Of The Non-Matching Concept In Pigeons, M. Katherine Stephens

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Training Third Grade Educated Women To Teach Cognitive Skills To Disadvantaged Children, Michael D. Roberts

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Method For Sensing And Recording Simultaneous Behavioral And Electrophysiological Epileptiform Activity And The Observed Suppression Of Paroxysmal Spiking Activity With Classical Conditioning Procedures, J. H. Tough

Masters Theses

A method for sensing and recording the simultaneous behavioral and electrophysiological activity of epileptic seizures was developed. An activity sensing cage consisting of an inverted loudspeaker translated motor behavior into voltage changes. The resultant voltage changes were integrated, amplified and recorded on a polygraph concurrently with electrophysiological data. The method was shown to 1) sense reliably a repeated standard input, 2) be sensitive to differing minute amounts of force and 3) produce data which lends itself to analysis with less variability than a more conventional technique.

Experimental manipulation of epileptiform activity revealed that a behavioral response to the onset of …

Imitation In Adult-Sibling Dyads, Albert F. Hodapp

Student Work

Imitative behavior of a parent-surrogate and a sibling model by second-born children from M1-M2, M1-F2, F1-M2, and F1-F2 dyads was assessed in an observational learning paradigm. Children, five- to seven-years of age from two-child families, observed an adult male or female parent-surrogate model, and an older brother or sister play three games – dart through, gold putt, and ring toss. After observing an assigned adult model and a sibling model, the children played each of the three games and his reproduction of verbal, postural, and motor responses of the models was scored. In general, second-born children imitated the sibling models …

Developmental Changes In Level Of Achievement As A Function Of Magnitude And Direction Of Cue Validity, James M. Spencer

Student Work

Twelve groups of Ss participated in a probability learning task which was derived from Brunswik’s Lens Model. The groups varied according to age (7-8, 13-14, and 19-20 year olds), magnitude (.40 and .80), and the direction (positive and negative) of the ecological validity coefficient (cue-criterion correlation). The Ss were required to predict a two-digit criterion number after viewing a two-digit cue value. An analysis of cue utilization (S's response-cue correlation) and achievement (S’s responsecriterion correlation) revealed that Ss had much more difficulty dealing with cues which have a negative, rather than a positive, relationship with the criterion. Some evidence also …

Reminiscence, Disengagement, And Morale In Old Age, Barbara Brown Hardy

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to test two hypotheses concerning reminiscence in old age. Reminiscence has been found to be an adaptive mechanism relating to freedom from clinical depression and to a reduced discrepancy between present and past self-concepts in the face of an experimental social threat (Mc Mahon and Rhudick, 1964; Lewis, 1971). Disengagement theory (Cumming and Henry, 1961) proposes that reminiscence is adaptive because it is a defense mechanism which protects the individual from decreasing physical capacities and lack of reinforcement from society.

Current And Future Characterizations Of Self; A Theoretical Model For Analyzing The Sources And Functions Of Self-Conceptions, Robert Bilby

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of Selected Organismic Variables And Their Relationship To Use Prayer Before An Athletic Contest, Keith Wakefield

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the Graduate Council at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Keith Wakefield in July of 1972.

Selective Attention In Conditional Discriminations., William M. Beneke

Psychology ETDs

Six experiments were conducted in order to provide support for an extension of attention processes to stimulus relationships at the empirical and theoretical levels. These experiments, which employed a total of 231 introductory psychology students, were conducted in the context of a conditional discrimination labelled symbolic matching. In that discrimination, the correct choice or comparison stimulus depended upon the value of a discriminative or standard stimulus present on each trial. The first three experiments systematically replicated basic attentional effects in the conditional discrimination in order to provide an empirical base for evaluating the results of the second three experiments, which …

A Study Of The Differences In P Power And S Power In Three Populations: Inpatient Alcoholics, Non-Alcoholics And Alcoholics Anonymous Members, Bryan Carter

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Samples from three populations, Alcoholics Anonymous members, inpatient alcoholics and non-alcoholics, were compared for the level of manifestation of the need for socialized power and personalized power. The comparison of these groups on a Q sort technique developed for this study indicated that the sample of Alcoholics Anonymous members was significantly higher in the need for socialized power than either the sample of inpatient alcoholics or the sample of non-alcoholics. The level of socialized power concern of the inpatient alcoholic group did not differ significantly from that of the non-alcoholic group. The inpatient alcoholic group was found to be significantly …

The Risky Shift Among Friends And In Arbitrarily Formed Groups, Bryan Crow

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Michael Wallach and Nathan Kogan (1959) devised the Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire (Appendix A) for scaling the propensity of individuals to take risks. The Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire (CDQ) requires the respondent to indicate the lowest probability of success he would accept before he would advise the central figure in each of 12 hypothetical decision situations to choose the riskier--but more attractive--of two options. Accepting slimmer chances of success (higher risks of failure) yields a iowei (riskier) seoi-e. The t>core on a given item can range from a risky low of one chance in ten to a conservative high--in most experiments--of …

One-Trial Versus Incremental Learning : A Re-Evaluation Employing Signal Detection Theory, James William Hyams

Master's Theses

The purpose of the present study was to lend support to either the one-trial or incremental theory of learning by examining the probability of correct responses as a function of prior stimulus exposure. Signal detection theory was employed as the method of analysis. Two experiments tested the theories in a verbal learning task and a psychomotor task. On each of three trials a list of 6 AB pairs or 6 AB distances was presented once, then one of these 6 pairs or distances was tested for recognition. On the recognition test either AB (a previously viewed pair or distance) or …

The Racial Attitudes Of Black Children As A Function Of Skin Color Of Teacher, Anna Marie D'Aguillo

Student Work

The racial preferences of black third grade children as a function of the race of present and previous teachers were investigated. It was hypothesized that those Ss exposed to black teachers would be more favorable toward black skin than those not exposed. A variation of the Clark and Clark doll test (1947), involving both positive and negative questions was used, along with a two-minute Doll Play situation. The results showed no systematic variation in color preference according to the race of teacher. Both male and female Ss chose like-self dolls, however, and manifested a general favorability toward black skin. The …

A Test Of The Homogeneous Versus Heterogeneous Categorization Of The Repression-Sensitization Dimension, Howard J. Cohen

Student Work

The Byrne (1961) Repression-Sensitization (R-S) scale was designed to measure psychological defenses ranging from anxiety-avoidance behavior at the low scoring pole, to anxietyapproaching behavior at the high scoring pole. Byrne (1964) has cited consistent support for the relationship between the R-S scale and defensive style, with the repressionsensitization categories to be viewed as homogeneous groupings of individuals lying at the extremes of a dimension of psychological defense. However, a number of recent studies by Schill and his associates (Boor & Schill, 1967; Kahn & Schill, 1971; Lefcourt, 1969; Schill & Althoff, 1968; Schill, Emanuel, Pedersen, Schneider, & Wachowiak, 1970) have …

Simulation Of Brain Damage On Bender-Gestalt Test By College Subjects, Arnold Rahn Bruhn

Dissertations and Theses

It is a frequent occurrence in accident cases involving alleged brain injury and attendant damage suits, for the defendant's attorney to charge the plaintiff in the case with malingering. At some time in the court proceedings it i.s also common that the plaintiff's psychologist will testify to the court that his client's brain damage is genuine, not feigned. but heretofore, clinicians have been able to speak to the court only from their own background of clinical experience, and clinicians have been known to disagree. They have not been able to refer to a body of research that has addressed itself …

The Behavior Of Coalitions As Interorganizational Structures: An Exploratory Study Using A Grounded Theory Approach, Elaine Marie Rothrock

Dissertations and Theses

This study is one of four exploratory studies concerned with coalitions of organizations that are formed to plan and develop social welfare programs within the local community. Although each study was conducted independently, taken together their major purpose was to develop some insights and knowledge into the behavior of organizations and the ways in which they interact as they work together to develop community programs. They are, then, exploratory studies of inter-organizational behavior.

Each of the studies had a different focus. One study attempted to identify the present areas of agreement and disagreement regarding inter-organization behavior by systematically reviewing the …

Auditory And Visual Sensory Stores: A Recognition Task, James Barr Richardson

Dissertations and Theses

A probe-stimulus recognition technique was used to test hypothesized differences in visual and auditory sensory memory storage. Lists of alphabetical letters were presented visually or auditorially, each followed by a visual or auditory probe. Performance on the auditory lists was predicted to be better than on the visual lists. Moreover, auditory lists followed by a visual probe (AV) were expected to show a decrement in performance in comparison to auditory list-auditory probe tasks (AA). Visual lists followed by an auditory probe (VA) were likewise expected to result in a decrement in performance in comparison to visual list-visual probe tasks (VV). …

The Role Of Extraversion & Intraversion On The Performance Of An Abstract Reasoning Task, Clarkie Farley

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This research compares the performance of a group of extraverts to a group of intraverts on a cognitive reasoning task. According to the theory of Hans J. Eysenck, one would expect that the intraverts would perform better than the extraverts on a task of massed reasoning. On the basis of scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Otis Lennon Mental Ability Test, a sample of 72 Ss were drawn from two undergraduate classes, Principles of Applied Learning and Human Development, at Western Kentucky University. Only Ss with extreme scores on the Extraversion scale E were selected, with each extravert …

Diagnostic Congruence: A Study On Presentation Of Clinical Information To Parents And Recall, Miriam Rae Maier

Dissertations and Theses

The present study was an investigation of recall following presentation of diagnostic information. The setting was the Crippled Children's Division of the University of Oregon Medical School.

The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that one session conferencing imparting diagnostic information to parents of handicapped children reduces recall. Additionally, it was hypothesized that multi-discipline conferencing is related to greater diagnostic recall than single discipline conferencing. The sample was made up of 20 parent units whose children were evaluated at the Crippled Children's Division for suspected Cerebral Palsy and/or Mental Retardation. There were ten families from the Cerebral …

Sex Differences In Somatic Preferences, Jane Elizabeth Simmons

Psychology Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Stimulus Sequence In Extradimensional Stimulus Control., Kathleen H. Branch

Psychology ETDs

When prior (Stage I) discrimination training has been experienced in the extradimensional paradigm, which consists of transfer of training between separate stimulus continua, either "enhanced" or "reduced" stimulus control may be observed in subsequent generalization testing (Stage II). A factor which has been found to influence this relationship is the type of training in effect for the dimension of generalization. Specifically, although discrimination training has been typically found to increase subsequent stimulus control, explicit discrimination training in Stage II produces reduced rather than enhanced control along the generalization continuum. Discrimination training involves four possible sequences (S+S+, S-S-, S+S-, and S-S+) …

Relative Effects Of S+ And S- In Children's Discrimination Learning, Frances Leivo Everett

Psychology ETDs

The effects of errors during discrimination acquisition on the post-discrimination generalization gradients of children were examined. 108 seven-to­eight-year-old children mastered simultaneous intradimensional discriminations (line tilts of 0° and 30°, or 30° and 60°) or interdimensional discriminations (30° line and dot) in either an errorful or errorless fashion. Errorful Ss acquired the discriminations with a trial and error procedure in which responses to S+ were reinforced and responses to S- were not reinforced. Errorless learning was experimentally produced by use of a progressive S- fading procedure. Following acquisition, all Ss received generalization tests along the line tilt continuum. Intradimensional gradients demonstrated …

Differential Learning Effects Under Amphetamine: Relationship To "Drug-Behavior-Reinforcement Interactions", David M. Grilly

Psychology ETDs

The role of "drug-behavior-reinforcement interactions" in differential learning effects found under amphetamine was assessed in the present experiment. A "drug-behavior-reinforcement interaction" was said to occur when a drug affected the relationship of ongoing behavior and existing reinforcement contingencies. In this fashion, different sets of behavioral patterns would be subjected to the process of reinforcement and/or non-reinforcement than would occur under non-drug conditions. If the drug conditions were changed, these behavioral patterns would be retained and would differ from those patterns produced if acquisition had occurred solely under non-drug conditions. Rats were given varying amounts of acquisition training on a response …

An Awareness Of The Guidance Services Of District #91 As Seen By Students, Carlene Pace Herring

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This study is designed to obtain information about the awareness of the guidance services as seen by- students in the hope that it will bring about a renewed interest in, and the promotion of, a more functional program of guidance. The objectives of this study are summnarized as follows: 1. To provide data regarding perceived value or worth of the guidance program as rated by the pupils. 2. To identify perceived strengths and weaknesses in the guidance services for consideration by the Pupil Personnel Department of the district. a. To what extent are pupils orientated to the guidance service and …

The Effect Of Consummatory Stimuli On Brain Stimulation Reinforcement: Further Differentiation Of Killing And Feeding Mechanisms In The Posterior Hypothalamus Of Rats, Matthew S. Zweig

Senior Scholar Papers

Traditionally, killing or aggressive behavior has been viewed as an operant performed to gain reinforcement such as food. There is, however, increasing evidence indicating that killing is reinforcing in itself. Myer and White (1965) and Van Herrel (1970) have shown that natural killing behavior can be used to reinforce the learning of discrimination. Roberts and Kiess (1964) implanted electrodes in the anterior hypothalamus of natural non-killing rats and elicited killing behavior. They showed that this electrically elicited killing could also be used to reinforce the learning of discrimination. Thompson (1963,1964) demonstrated that both Siamese fighting fish and fighting game cocks …

The Effects Of Perceptual Pretraining On Concept Identification And Preference, Rene S. Silleroy

Psychology ETDs

The effects of perceptual pretraining on preferences and concept identification performance in five and eight year old Ss were investigated. Perceptual pretraining consisted of unreinforced same-different judgments on stimuli varying on each of the five task dimensions. The results indicated that perceptual pretraining facilitated performance on a concept identification task with a nonpreferred relevant cue for the five year olds but not for the eight year olds. However, perceptual pretraining did not affect preference in either age group and Ss were as consistent in their preference responding before and after perceptual pretraining as was a control group that had not …

The Effects Of A Token Economy On Epileptic Seizure Rates, Frederick Hjalmer Lindberg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Past studies have shown that a relationship may exist between certain forms of epileptic seizures and specific environmental stimuli. This relationship is not well understood. The objective of this study was to assess this relationship by determining the effect of a selected token economy on seizure rates. The token economy utilized in this study may differ from token economies described in the literature as it employed certain punishers. This was done by dividing the study into three experiments.

During Experiment I three severe epileptics were exposed to a series of conditions including baseline, token economy condition and baseline. During the …