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Examination Of The Self-Starvation Phenomenon, Elizabeth Woodard Pitts

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Rats on restricted feeding schedules are able to maintain a stable body weight by reducing activity output. It has been found, however, that if rats on restricted feeding schedules are given access to activity wheels, activity increases and food intake decreases which results in severe gastric ulceration and death. The present study re-examined results which suggested food palabability (wet versus dry chow) was a significant factor in self-starvation. In addition, all prior research examining the self-starvation phenomenon (with only one exception using hamsters) fed nocturnal rodents during the normally non-active light portion of their daily cycle. The results indicated that …

The Effects Of Rater-Ratee Discrepancies And Interview Processes On Appraisal Effectiveness, Scott I. Tannenbaum

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Forty-two performance appraisal interviews, at two urban hospitals, were examined to assess the relative effects of rater-ratee discrepancies and interview processes on appraisal effectiveness. This study attempted to improve on the methodology of previous research by: using multi-item scales, incorporating hierarchical regression analyses, and requesting completion of post-interview questionnaires within 24 hours of the interview. Discrepancy between self-ratings and supervisor's initial evaluations were collected prior to the interview. In addition, nurses' perceptions of the interview processes and appraisal effectiveness were measured via a post-interview questionnaire. It was found that discrepancies affected subsequent interview processes, which in turn were related to …

The Effects Of Task Experience, Goal Setting, And Knowledge Of Results On Performance And Task-Goal Attributes, Edward Scott Wright

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Two laboratory studies were conducted to determine the relationships between task-goal attributes and the necessary and sufficient conditions for goal setting and knowledge of results (KR) to influence task performance. The first study tested the effects of task experience and goal setting on performance of an arithmetic computation task. Perceived goal difficulty, effort, expectancy of goal attainment, and goal acceptance were assessed with a questionnaire. The results demonstrated that only goals influenced effort and perceived goal difficulty, while task experience and goals influenced expectancy of goal attainment and goal acceptance. The relationships between these variables indicated that as effort and …

Extraversion-Introversion And Sensitivity To Nonverbal Cues, Virginia Seiser

Dissertations and Theses

Sixty-five college students completed the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The results did not support the hypothesis that introverts would be found to be relatively more sensitive to negative nonverbal cues than to positive cues, and that this difference would be greater for introverts than for extroverts. The outcome did not support predictions concerning the relationship between sensitivity to nonverbal communication and extroversion- introversion based on either Gray's fear-frustration hypothesis or Eysenck's general conditionability hypothesis of extroversion-introversion.

The results supported findings of earlier researchers that females are more sensitive to nonverbal cues than males, and …

Improving The Accuracy Of Performance Evaluations: A Comparison Of Three Methods Of Performance Appraiser Training, Jerry Willard Hedge

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Researchers in the area of rater training have relied almost exclusively on rater error measures to assess training effectiveness. A reduction in rater tendency to commit these errors subsequent to training is viewed as evidence that these raters have become more accurate in rating their employees. This assumed relationship between rater errors and rating accuracy has recently been questioned. This uncertain relationship between psychometric errors and accuracy was the focus of the current research effort. Supervisory personnel were trained under one of three training programs (psychometric error training, observation training, or decision-making training). Halo, leniency, range restriction and accuracy measures …

The Effects Of Social Facilitation On Reaction Time Performances Of Persons Displaying Internal And External Personality Characteristics, Rebecca Lizann Youmans

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the Education School at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Rebecca Lizann Youma in June of 1982.

Effects Of Task Complexity On Mental Imagery & Work Decrement, Mary George

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study was conducted to determine the effects of task complexity on mental imagery and work decrement. A total of 180 right-handed undergraduates from Western Kentucky University were tested on the rotor pursuit apparatus. Task complexity was manipulated by eccentricity on the tracking target of the rotor pursuit (i.e., the more eccentric, the more complex). Three shapes of increasing eccentricity were used, and there were three practice conditions: rest, no-rest and control. Thus, nine treatment conditions existed. The rest group had a 5-min rest between practice and performance, the no-rest group went right from practice to performance without rest, and …

Construct Validity Of The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Brian W. Johnson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to add supportive evidence to the construct validity of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI). The study was conducted using the Sabers-Whitney (1976) model which investigated (a) convergent validity, (b) discriminant validity, (c) sensitivity to change, (b) internal consistency, and (e) any other factors which may contribute evidence to be a measure’s construct validity.

The SEI Children’s Self Concept Scale (CSCS), and Children’s Social Desirability Scale (CSDS) were administered to all fifth grade students enrolled in an elementary school within a public school district in the northeastern United States. The self-concept assessments were conducted within …

Self-Defense And Battered Spouse Syndrome: A Legal And Psychological Perspective, Andrea Lyon

Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Parental Expectations Of Education For Children In A Local Church, Wilma Reinhardt

Graduate Theses

Expectations for various roles of those responsible for Christian education of children may be defined by the church institution. However, persons in these roles through their own expectations and interaction with others may effect the enacted roles. Role theory as a part of interactionalism is used to explain the phenomena of this particular situation. To identify the parental e3?pectations, a survey was taken. The survey included demographic information and a wide range of statements of possible expectations with a five point response scale. Responses of 70 participants indicated homogenity of general characteristics. Statements that parents are mainly responsible for their …

The Ability Of Selected Personality Variables To Distinguish Between Three Levels Of Principled Reasoning Scores On The Defining Issues Test, Gary Romich

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A population sample consisting of 110 college students was placed into one of three principled reasoninig groups (low, medium, and high) based on individual P scores on the Defining Issues Test. Based on previous research, it was predicted that individuals low in principled reasoning would score high on measures of deference (conformity) and affiliation (social approval) and low on measures of autonomy, intraception (analytical ability), and abstractness. Those individuals in the high principled reasoning group would have opposite need structures. They should be low on measures of deference and affiliation and high on autonomy, intraception and abstractness in comparison to …

The Relative Importance Of Fathers' Participation In Family Therapy, Alice Ann Smith Aldous

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this paper is to survey research and literature on family therapy to assess what is known currently about contributions of fathers in family counseling. At the same time, theory about fathers' participation in family therapy and his expected contributions to it are summarized here. Because a certain amount of theorizing and speculation are involved, the major question of this paper will be narrowed to avoid moving too far from the known. The main question will be the importance of the father's participation relative to his nonparticipation. Questions of the significance of the father's involvement relative to his …

The California Psychological Inventory And Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Motivation, Ken Small

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The focus of the study was to investigate the nature of the apparent inconsistency reported in the literature on the relationship between personality variables and indices of religiosity. The literature indicates that indices of religiosity have been associated with labels both of "desirable" and "undesirable" personality traits to varying degrees, and no definitive conclusions have been thus far reached. The study suggested that the inconsistent evidence has been a result of a narrow definition of personality functioning and a broad definition of religiosity that has not allowed an adequate test of the relationship between personality and religiosity. The study developed …

Inhalant Use Among Native American Adolescents: A Comparison Of Users And Nonusers At Intemountain Intertribal School, John L. Wingert

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate a population of identified inhalant users at Intermountain Intertribal School, comparing and contrasting two user groups to a control group of nonusers on a number of selected research variables. The subjects included 42 identified inhalant users. Subjects were further classified into two user groups: one-time users and repeat users, and 20 nonusers. The nonuser group comprised the control group. Each subject was individually interviewed and administered the research and data collection instruments. In addition, other essential information was taken from permanent school records.

A one-way analysis of variance was computed to ascertain …

Autonomic Self-Control Of Clinical Relaxation As A Function Of Imagery, Dean G. Allen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this dissertation was to test the significance of objectively measured imagery ability on the learning of self-controlled relaxation of autonomic nervous system activity. Imagery is discussed in terms of its interaction with Autogenic vs. Jacobsonian methods of training clinical relaxation.

Thirty-six female subjects from a college population, representing extreme highs and lows on "spatial ability" tests were given a series of three six-session sequences of Baseline, Treatment 1, and Treatment 2, which contained silent relaxation as a control, plus Jacobsonian and Autogenic relaxation. High and low spatial ability subjects were divided into split groups (A & B) …

Magazine Training Trials And Context Effects On Autoshaping, Fernando G. Oberdieck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the autoshaping preparation subjects are exposed to magazine training (US-only trials) prior to the conditioning phase in which a stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) predicts the delivery of a response independent reinforcer (unconditioned stimulus, US). Two experiments examined the hypothesis that irrespective of the number of US-only trials administered the magazine training and autoshaping contexts interact to determine conditioning, as measured by contact responses to the CS. The contexts employed were houselight on (light, L) and houselight off (dark, D).

In Experiment I pigeons were exposed to 1, 20, 100, or 900 US-only trials in a D, or L, context …

Word Associations And The Bilateral Electrodermal Responses Of High And Low Repressive Females As Measured By The Mmpi R Factor Scale, Peggy J. Poe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

On the basis of the MMPI R Factor Scale, 16 subjects were classified as high repressed and 14 as low repressed. Subjects were compared on patterns of bilateral differences in skin conductance as a function of three cognitive tasks intended to produce specific manipulations in the relative activation of the two cerebral hemispheres. Tasks 1 and 2 examined the effects of Verbal (left hemisphere) and Spatial (right hemisphere) tasks on amplitudes of electrodermal responses. Task 3 examined the effects of the presentation of double-entendre and asexual stimulus words (designed to produce an emotional stimulus) on the high and low repressed …

Feminine Development: The Relationship Between Identity Status, Personality And Social Influence Style, Doris Anne Read

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purposes of the present research were to investigate the potential relationships between ego identity development, personality characteristics and social influence styles in college women. It was hypothesized that advanced identity development would be associated with more complex personality functioning and effective social influence behavior. Research subjects were classified according to identity status using The Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status. They responded to the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Styleand engaged in a social influence task with a male or female confederate. The advanced statuses generally demonstrated more complex social-cognitive styles that allowed them to both process large amounts …

Ego Identity Status And Conformity, Joseph J. Hoffman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship between the Eriksonian concept of ego identity status and the social process of conformity was investigated. Ego identity status was measured by the Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (OM-EIS) (Adams, Shea, and Fitch, 1979). A total of 87 subjects were categorized into one of the four ego identity status groups: Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, and Identity Achievement. Conformity was measured by peer ratings, and experimental task, and by three self-report personality measures. Two of the conformity measures supported the main hypothesis that those in the less mature ego identity statuses (Diffusion and Foreclosure) would demonstrate the most conformity …

Predicting Length Of Stay And Outcome In Long-Term Residential Treatment Of Male Alcoholics, Robert Dombey Wadsworth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine which characteristics of male alcoholics are related to treatment success and length of stay in long-term treatment, and (2) to assess the efficacy of predicting outcome and length of stay on the basis of patient characteristics, The study was performed post hoc on 265 patients discharged from a 6- to 12-month residential alcoholism program on the grounds of a state hospital. After an extensive literature review, 19 predictor variables were selected which were most consistently related to outcome and length of stay in previous studies of shorter rehabilitation programs. Data for …

An Experimental Analysis Of The Stimulus-Reinforcer Relations In Matching-To-Sample, Roger C. Lubeck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the stimulus-reinforcer relations possible in matching-to-sample, and determined the extent that each relation contributed in the transfer to subsequent matching-to-sample. Fifty three homing pigeons were autoshaped on a single key, with two stimuli, red and green. Forty eight subjects were then divided equally in 12 groups receiving the experimental treatments, and five subjects served as no-treatment controls. Group assignments were first based on autoshaping to either an identity, non-identity, or identity and non-identity stimulus relation. Each stimulus relation consisted of a center stimulus followed by an outer key stimulus. For identity, the center and outer stimuli were …

Transitivity In The Choice Behavior Of Rats, Richard Duus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the unidimensional assumption underlying choice behavior by examining the transitivity properties of rats' choice behavior. In Experiment 1, two variables of reinforcement, amount and delay, were manipulated simultaneously in a two lever choice situation. The conditions of strong transitivity were not present in either reponse count or indifference-measured choice behavior, indicating that choice behavior was not distributed along a single dimension with ratio scale characteristics. Moderate transitivity conditions were characteristic of both response and indifference- measured choice which was consistent with a single dimension possessing interval scale characteristics. In Experiment 2, only one reinforcement variable, amount, was …

Effects Of Intermittent Reinforcement Upon Fixed-Ratio Discrimination, Tore Lydersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Four pigeons had discrimination training that required the choice of a left side-key following completion of a fixed-ratio 10 an the center key, and a right side-key response after fixed-ratio 20. Correct choices were reinforced on various fixed-interval, fixed-ratio, random-interval, and random-ratio schedules. When accuracy was examined across quarters of intervals (fixed-interval schedules) or quarters of median interreinforcerrent intervals (fixed-ratio schedules), accuracy was usually laver in the second quarter than in the first, third, or fourth quarters. When accuracy was examined across quarters of ratios (fixed-ratio schedules) or quarters of median number of correct interreinforcement trials (fixed-interval schedules), accuracy increased …

The Use Of Sensory Predicates To Predict Responses To Sensory Suggestions, James M. Talone

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A scale consisting of eight suggestions worded with specific sensory predicates was administered to a large undergraduate introductory psychology class. Following the presentation of the suggestions, Self-Scoring Forms were filled out to assess the subjects' response to auditory (A), visual (V), and kinesthetic (K) suggestions. Prior to the conclusion of the session, subjects were asked to write a brief essay describing their experience of the suggestion portion of the session. Subject essays were content analyzed for the use of predicates (including, but not only A, V, and K). Frequency of usage of A, V, and K predicates were compared with …

A Mass Media Campaign To Promote Divorce Adjustment, James C. Gardiner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Introduction. This study produced and evaluated a mass media campaign designed to promote emotional adjustment to divorce.

Hypotheses. (a) Sending a promotional newsletter to divorced persons will increase their reported utilization of the campaign. (b) Divorced persons who report heavy utilization of the campaign will report greater emotional improvement than divorced persons who report light or no utilization of the campaign.

Method. A field experiment was conducted in rural northern Utah. The names of all recently (less than 12 months) divorced persons were obtained from the county clerk and randomly divided into an experimental group, who received a newsletter promoting …

Arts Education In A Teacher Education Curriculum: A Model Based On Comparative Analysis Of Arts Education Theories, Jean A. L. Olson

Theses and Dissertations

In this study the historical role of the arts in America was briefly traced as well as the history of federal interest in the arts and arts education. The importance of arts education for the individual, the school, and society was stated. Four basic tenets of arts education were derived from research and literature which provided criteria for effective arts activities and strategies. These tenets suggest that arts education (1) should be based on experiential, discovery-based, process-oriented approaches; (2) should be viewed as a developmental activity; (3) should focus on the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains of learning; and (4) …

Approval And Disapproval With Children: Limits On The Satiation Phenomenon, Phyllis N. Williamson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research investigated factors that influence the reinforcing or punishing effects of various social stimuli on choice behavior. Previous research has suggested that the extended effectiveness of social reinforcers in modifying behavior is inversely related to the frequency with which they have been administered under noncontingent conditions. The ways in which frequency and contingency may alter the effectiveness of social disapproval had never been previously investigated.

A series of studies was conducted with normal, primary grade children for the purposes of: a) determining the functional relation between verbal stimuli and the child's choice behavior as a consequence of the high …

The Effects Of Exercise On Women's Self-Esteem, Wendy Laurie Biddle

Ellmer School of Nursing Theses & Dissertations

The effects of a 12-week session of aerobic dancing were examined on two groups of women, assigned into fit and unfit groups. The subjects had voluntarily enrolled in aerobic dancing prior to the study. Self-Esteem scores were obtained using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale during the first and tenth or eleventh weeks of the session. Pretest and posttest scores were analyzed along with the variables of age, marital status, weight loss, and smoking habits. A significantly higher gain score (posttest score subtracted from pretest score) was found on those women who attended three weekly classes compared to those who attended two …

The Wind; Flight, Gale Stam

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Michael D. Lieber's Review Of Edwin Hutchins' Culture And Inference. Cognitive Science Series, 2, Michael D. Lieber

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.