Digital Commons Network^™

The Relationships Between Biodata And Personality: How Different Is Different?, Lindsay A. Bousman

Student Work

The relationships between personality measures and biodata measures were examined using a measure of the Big Five Factors of personality, and a newly created biodata measure. Each measure was used to predict academic achievement and job satisfaction. The biodata measure was created to mimic a factor structure similar to the five factors of personality, to allow a better comparison of the two measures. However, the biodata items were original (with combinations of previously used original items), and were developed for use in this study. Biodata items are typically multiple-choice, situational, and historical in nature, whereas personality items are typically based …

The Effect Of Socioeconomic Status And Social Support On Work, Family, And Role Balance, April A. Perry

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study examined socioeconomic status and social supports in the context of balanced work, family, and overall roles. Based on previous research, higher socioeconomic status and increased social supports were hypothesized to increase work, family, and overall role balance. Participants were recruited by the peer adviser and in classrooms at Old Dominion University and surrounding Tidewater campuses. Only one of the correlations hypothesized was statistically significant. Support from Supervisor Index was positively correlated to Family/Work Balance. However, several non-hypothesized trends were found, in addition to non-hypothesized statistically significant correlations. Findings suggest that socioeconomic status and social supports may influence work, …

An Examination Of The Psychosocial Functioning Of Children With Drug Or Alcohol Dependent Fathers, Cathy G. Cooke

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Parental substance abuse is linked to many of the problems facing American children. Research suggests that children of substance abusing parents are more likely to exhibit emotional and behavioral disorders than children with parents who do not abuse substances (Hogan, 1998); however, previous investigations have focused almost exclusively on children whose fathers misuse alcohol. The purpose of the present study was: 1) to examine the psychosocial adjustment of children whose fathers manifest substance abuse disorder other than alcohol as compared to the psychosocial functioning of children whose fathers exhibit alcohol abuse and to the psychosocial adjustment of children in a …

A Comparison Of The Learning Styles Of Graduate Athletic Training Students And Their Demographic Characteristics, Jennifer Lynn Plant

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Using the Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) and a self­ designed demographic survey, this study assessed the learning styles of students enrolled in a NATA approved graduate athletic training education program and compared the relationship between learning style preferences and the demographic characteristics of the graduate students. The PEPS survey is a 100-item Likert scale learning style inventory relating to 20 learning style elements of 4 domains: environmental, emotional, sociological, and physical. As part of the demographic research, participants completed measures assessing geographic, family, educational, and personal information.

Participants were 163 (55 men, 108 women) graduate athletic training students from …

The Effects Of Visual Cues And Interstimulus Interval On Error Rates In Auditory Localization And Detection, Joseph Thomas Coyne

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Auditory localization is an increasingly important topic as the technology for audio displays is becoming more available. However, few studies examine the effects of multiple simultaneous distracters on auditory detection and localization performance. Previous research has found that detection and localization performance significantly drops as the number of distracters increases; however, it is not clear what causes these errors. Six loudspeakers were arranged in a semicircle, and participants either had to localize an auditory stimulus or detect an auditory stimulus among multiple distracters. Participants' response time and accuracy were recorded for each trial. The number of detection errors was equivalent …

The Effects Of Test Validity Perceptions On Ethnic Group Differences In Cognitive Ability Test Performance, Florence R. Jinadu

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Ethnic group differences in cognitive ability test performance have led to the problem of adverse impact for many organizations. In attempting to understand the cause of such differences, this study investigates the relationships among general test attitudes, test experiences, race, test validity perceptions, test knowledge, and cognitive ability test performance. A sample of undergraduate psychology students completed a paper-and-pencil test of cognitive ability as well as surveys of their attitudes towards employment tests and prior testing experiences. Participants in an experimental group received information that explained the validity and usefulness of employment tests for making selection decisions.

It was hypothesized …

Selected Factors That Influenced A State's Collapse: A Historical Analysis Of The Case Of Sierra Leone, I. Betty Williams Conteh

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Throughout the 1990s the United Nations Human Development Index, an annual report that measures human development, depicted Sierra Leone as one of, if not the poorest nation on the planet. In 2001, the same report depicted 162 countries in terms of human development and Sierra Leone ranked 162. This Sub-Saharan nation experienced a total collapse of its state and society beginning in 1990. The United Nations and the rest of the international community are only now beginning to work towards putting Sierra Leone together again.

This study investigate factors that led to the collapse of Sierra Leone--factors such as …

Human Factors Survey Of Aviation Maintenance Technical Manuals, Alex Chaparro, Loren S. Groff

Publications

The reported work is part of a 3 phased effort to identify human factors issues in the development of aviation technical manuals, and make recommendations for the improvement of those documents. Phase 1 of this research effort surveyed the procedures used by five manufacturers to develop maintenance documentation. Several human factors issues were identified in the development process employed by these manufacturers. They included the reactive rather than proactive use of user evaluations, the limited use of user input and procedure validation, no systematic attempts to track error, and the lack of standards for measuring document quality. Given the issues …

Trends. Nuclear Power Plants And Homeland Security And Defense: The Views Of Representative Markey, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses US Representative Edward J. Markey, and his public discourse about the "safety and security of the nuclear power industry.

Trends. The Color Of Terror, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses and evaluates Homeland Security's color-coded national alert system.

The Subjugating Discourse In The Mideast: A Commentary On Cordesman, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a commentary on a recently published approach to a US-led process for peace between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority.

Heads And Hearts: The Teaching And Learning Environment In Law School, Gerald F. Hess

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Institutional Denial About The Dark Side Of Law School, And Fresh Empirical Guidance For Constructively Breaking The Silence, Lawrence S. Krieger

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Content Validity And Internal Consistency Reliability Of A New Scale On Violence Potential, Samuel Pierce

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The differential prediction of violence potential in adolescents m juvenile corrections and the mental health fields continues to garner concern. The result of this inability to predict ;md therefore prevent these aces of violence has resulted in an increased incarceration of adolescents in the criminal justice system. Two previous studies (Criminal Justice Association, 1993; Dembo. Hughes, Jackson & Mieczkowski, 1993) have noted similar results. While no system is 100% accurate. there arc known risk factors of violent behavior (Flannery. 1998: Monahan. 1981: Webster & fackson. 1997). This study examined many of these known indicators of violent behavior: and, identified other …

The Effects Of Acculturation Level On Boston Naming Test And Controlled Oral Word Association Test In A Sample Ofhisparrics Ofmexican-American Extraction, Megan D. Nicoloff

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This research investigated in the relationship between acculturation and performance on verbal fluency tasks in a sample of 57 Hispanics of Mexican-American extraction. It was hypothesized that as acculturation to Anglo-American culture approaches assimilation, facilitation of word fluency on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWA) will increase. As the independent variable, acculturation was examined on three levels: Mexican·oriented, balanced, and Anglo-oriented using Scale One of the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans· Second Edition (ARSMA·II). The dependent variables were verbal fluency scores on the BNT and COWA. A 3 x 2 (acculturation group …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Motivation, Test Preparation And Test Performance, Cassidy Walton

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The relationship between motivation, test preparation, and test performance was investigated using two samples, lire fighter applicants and college students. Motivation and test preparation were measured by Arvey and Stickland's (1991) Test Attitude Survey; test performance consisted of selection test scores or class examinations. The results indicated that the relationship between motivation, test preparation, and test performance varied depending on the sample (i.e., fire fighter applicants or college students) and the context (i.e., written or Physical Ability Test, class exam, or final examination). The results for fire fighters indicated that motivation was related to written test performance but not to …

Handbook Of Organisational Culture And Climate Edited By Neal M Ashkanasy, Celeste P M Wilderom And Mark Peterson, Sage, 2000., Ganesh Jejurikar

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of Verbal-Nonverbal Incongruence To Communication Mismatches In Married Couples, Amy Van Buren

Psychology Faculty Publications

Communication accuracy refers to whether a message sent by a sender is perceived by the receiver to have the same emotional meaning intended by the sender. Previous research using marital dyads suggests that receivers sometimes receive the emotional meaning in senders’ statements differently than senders intend. The present study was conducted to test the possibility that one reason such misunderstandings occur is that senders may convey emotional messages differently than they intend. Twenty-four married couples carried on a ten-minute videotaped free interaction during which they rated the emotional meaning in each others’ statements. Results indicated that senders conveyed messages that …

Differences In The Functional Neuroanatomy Of Inhibitory Control Across The Adult Life Span, Kristy A. Nielson, Scott Aaron Langenecker, Hugh Garavan

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Inhibitory control, the ability to suppress irrelevant stimuli, is a fundamental cognitive function that deteriorates during aging, but little is understood about the bases of decline. Thus, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study inhibitory control in healthy adults aged 18 to 78. Activation during "successful inhibition" occurred predominantly in right prefrontal and parietal regions and was more extensive, bilaterally, and prefrontally, in the older groups. Presupplementary motor area was also more active in poorer inhibitory performers. Therefore, older adults activate areas that are comparable to those activated by young adults during inhibition, as well as additional …

Night Moves: A Qualitative Investigation Of Street-Level Sex Work, Rochelle L. Dalla

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

The subculture of street-level sex work including the social environment, drug use and abuse, and violence was examined. Personal interviews were conducted with 43 women involved in streetwalking prostitution. Data were analyzed using Phenomenological Descriptive Analysis (Colaizzi, 1978). Several participants reported developing emotional relationships and having children with clients, former clients, or pimps; some participants were married to men who pimped them. Supportive relationships with other streetwalkers were largely nonexistent; streetwalking constitutes a solitary business for most. The majority reported drug addiction, although less than half entered prostitution to support an already established drug habit. Financial need propelled many into …

Interpersonal Forgiveness In Elementary School-Aged Children, Susan M. Goss

Student Work

The purpose of this study was to extend the adolescent and adult research and assess how forgiveness develops in elementary school-aged children. Sixty-three children aged 7 to 12 reported how willing they would be to forgive three types of transgressions (emotional, physical, and property) involving an accidental or deliberate act, with or without an apology, and of either low or high severity. In addition, empathy, prosocial behavior, and religiosity were measured. Age, empathy, prosocial behavior, and religiosity were not related to willingness to forgive as had been expected. However, gender differences were found, with boys reporting a greater willingness to …

Oral Narrative Skills Of Late Talkers At Ages 8 And 9, Joan Manhardt, Leslie Rescorla

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

This study compared the oral narrative skills of 31 school-aged children diagnosed at 24 to 31 months with expressive language delay (late talkers) with those of 23 typically developing peers. Based upon an extensively studied picture-book task, Frog, Where are You?, narratives were elicited from all participants both at age 8 and age 9. At age 9, children were asked to tell the story again and to increase their references to evaluative information (characters' emotions, character speech, and causal explanations of events "supported" telling condition). Groups were compared on Syntax, Story Grammar, Cohesion, and Evaluative Information factor scores derived from …

Aerospace Expeditionary Force Implementation And The Effect On Team Cohesion, Michael J. Zuhlsdorf

Theses and Dissertations

A statistical analysis of deployed and deploying airmen was conducted to provide insight and defensible support for Aerospace Expeditionary Force Center commanders to base teaming initiatives and policy decisions. To ensure that the results of this research are applicable across the Air Force, the research examined the effect of the Aerospace Expeditionary Force deployment process, comprised of individual anxiety, group unity, and work-group characteristics, on team cohesion, deployment commitment, and team effectiveness. The sample obtained included 643 airmen who had deployed within a 12-month period or who were scheduled to deploy within the next 3-month period. The results of the …

Assessment Of Child Abuse Potential In Spouse Abusive Men, Lisa Marie Estelle

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study investigated potential for child physical abuse in a sample of men participating in mandated violence intervention programs in Oregon. Utility of the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, history of personal child abuse, time-in-treatment, and personal ratings of parenting were explored. Voluntary, anonymous participation of 136 men yielded 110 valid, interpretable CAP Inventory profiles. As predicted, results are similar to Milner and Gold's (1986) study with approximately one third (33.6%) of the sample demonstrating elevated abuse scores and consequently, significant potential for child physical abuse. Results extend Milner and Gold's ( 1986) preliminary support for the utility of the …

Spectral And Temporal Processing In Human Auditory Cortex, Deborah A Hall, Ingrid Johnsrude, Mark P Haggard, Alan R Palmer, Michael A Akeroyd, A Quentin Summerfield

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Hierarchical processing suggests that spectrally and temporally complex stimuli will evoke more activation than do simple stimuli, particularly in non-primary auditory fields. This hypothesis was tested using two tones, a single frequency tone and a harmonic tone, that were either static or frequency modulated to create four stimuli. We interpret the location of differences in activation by drawing comparisons between fMRI and human cytoarchitectonic data, reported in the same brain space. Harmonic tones produced more activation than single tones in right Heschl's gyrus (HG) and bilaterally in the lateral supratemporal plane (STP). Activation was also greater to frequency-modulated tones than …

Factors Predicting Social Responsibility In College Students, Kordell N. Kennemer

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study investigated factors that may contribute to the development of social responsibility in college students. A sample of 31 male and 69 female students attending either a private Christian university or a non-religiously affiliated private university participated in the study, completing the Starrett (1996) Global Social Responsibility Inventory (GSRI) and an accompanying research questionnaire. Subjects were recruited from general education courses at the two universities and received extra credit for their participation. This study examined factors contributing to high scores on the three sub-scales of the GSRI: 1) Global Social Responsibility scale (GSRS) 2) Responsibility Toward People scale (RPS) …

Chimpanzee Signing: Darwinian Realities And Cartesian Delusions, Roger S. Fouts, Mary Lee A. Jensvold, Deborah Fouts

Anthropology and Museum Studies Faculty Scholarship

Truly discontinuous, all-or-none phenomena must be rare in nature. Historically, the great discontinuities have turned out to be conceptual barriers rather than natural phenomena. They have been passed by and abandoned rather than broken through in the course of scientific progress. The sign language studies in chimpanzees have neither sought nor discovered a means of breathing humanity into the soul of a beast. They have assumed instead that there is no discontinuity between verbal behavior and the rest of human behavior or between human behavior and the rest of animal behavior—no barrier to be broken, no chasm to be bridged, …

Forgiveness In Community Cultural Contexts: Applications In Therapy And Opportunities For Expanded Professional Roles, Fernando L. Garzon, Zongjian Wu, Julie Richards, Lori Burkett, Mark Witherspoon, Heather Reed, Leroy Hall

Faculty Publications and Presentations

After a decade of research, forgiveness is now emerging as a legitimately recognized psychological intervention. Clinical models, in order to' be useful for the broad range of clients seen in therapy, are designed to be essentially nonreligious. However, many clients are religious and many cultural groups have used forgiveness to deal with a myriad of issues, both individual and societal. Descriptions of how diverse groups are currently applying forgiveness in a community cultural context are therefore needed in the clinical literature. This article will describe three such indigenous forgiveness applications. Forgiveness is seen to address racial, gender, and religious conflicts. …

Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model-Based Hiv Risk Behavior Change Intervention For Inner-City High School Youth, Jeffrey D. Fisher, William A. Fisher, Angela D. Bryan, Stephen J. Misovich

CHIP Documents

Published in Health Psychology, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp.177-186 (March 2002) at http://content.apa.org/journals/hea/21/2/177 This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record. APA Homepage: http://www.apa.org/

How Behavioral Dimensions Interact With Perceived Social Support Dimensions In First Time Expectant Fathers During Their Wives Pregnancy, Rhonda L. Dunder

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

While changes in women during a pregnancy are apparent, changes in the expectant father are not. However, research has documented the behavioral and attitudinal changes that take place in the soon to be father. The current study investigated which assessment measures of the behavioral dimension, which included anxiety, narcissism, and self-esteem, would correlate with each other to predict a behavior change. Correlations were also measured between variables of the behavioral dimension and perceived social support. Results found a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and narcissism. A significant negative correlation was found between self-esteem and perceived social support. It appears as …