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Articles 62221 - 62250 of 74097
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Development Of A Multidimensional Scale To Measure Attitudes Toward Workers With A Disability, John Kegley
Development Of A Multidimensional Scale To Measure Attitudes Toward Workers With A Disability, John Kegley
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Existing measures of attitudes toward individuals with a disability have been shown to suffer from several shortcomings in their application in organizational settings. Indirect measurement has been beyond the scope of most organizations due to the complex and expensive implementation of these methods. Direct measures have been shown to be susceptible to threats to internal validity, such as reactivity and socially desirable responding. Further, existing direct measures have focused on unidimensional aspects of attitudes toward individuals with disabilities. Research, however, has demonstrated that attitudes are multidimensional in nature. There is a need for a multidimensional scale to tap those underlying …
Relationships Between Personality And Individual Perceptions Of Social Cohesion, James Garrett
Relationships Between Personality And Individual Perceptions Of Social Cohesion, James Garrett
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This research explored personality correlates of social cohesion. Groups of two were given a task to perform that required cooperation between the two team members. This task exposed each team member to the other's personality. Upon completion of the task, the individual perceptions of social cohesion were assessed by each individual. We hypothesized that extraversion, emotional stability, and agreeableness of one team member will correlate positively with the other team member's perception of social cohesion. These hypotheses were not supported. However an exploratory analysis showed that an individual's level of extraversion and conscientiousness were positively correlated to that same individual's …
A Neurocomputational Model Of Analogical Reasoning And Its Breakdown In Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Robert G. Morrison, Daniel C. Krawczyk, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Tiffany Chow, Bruce L. Miller, Barbara J. Knowlton
A Neurocomputational Model Of Analogical Reasoning And Its Breakdown In Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Robert G. Morrison, Daniel C. Krawczyk, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Tiffany Chow, Bruce L. Miller, Barbara J. Knowlton
Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Analogy is important for learning and discovery and is considered a core component of intelligence. We present a computational account of analogical reasoning that is compatible with data we have collected from patients with cortical degeneration of either their frontal or anterior temporal cortices due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These two patient groups showed different deficits in picture and verbal analogies: frontal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to impairments in working memory and inhibitory abilities, whereas temporal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to semantic memory loss. Using the ‘‘Learning and Inference with Schemas …
The Relationship Between Stress, Satisfaction, And Emotional Intelligence In College Students, Jessica Largen
The Relationship Between Stress, Satisfaction, And Emotional Intelligence In College Students, Jessica Largen
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The relationship between stress and satisfaction has been well documented. However, little is known about the possible mediating effect that emotional intelligence may have on that relationship. This study addressed the role emotional intelligence plays between stress and satisfaction. By collecting measures of stress, life satisfaction, satisfaction with school, and emotional intelligence, this researcher examined the question "Does emotional intelligence serve as a moderator in the relationship between satisfaction and stress?" Results indicated that, after removing the effects of stress, emotional intelligence and satisfaction demonstrated a positive significant relationship. Emotional intelligence was related to the Big Five factors of Conscientiousness, …
"I Think They Discriminated Against Me": Using Prototype Theory And Organizational Justice Theory For Understanding Perceived Discrimination In Selection And Promotion Situations, Michael M. Harris, Filip Lievens, Greet Van Hoye
"I Think They Discriminated Against Me": Using Prototype Theory And Organizational Justice Theory For Understanding Perceived Discrimination In Selection And Promotion Situations, Michael M. Harris, Filip Lievens, Greet Van Hoye
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Research in industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology has generally focused on objective measures of employment discrimination and has virtually neglected individuals' subjective perceptions as to whether a selection or promotion process is discriminatory or not. This paper presents two theoretical models as organizing frameworks to explain candidates' likelihood of perceiving that discrimination has occurred in a certain selection or Promotion situation. The prototype model stresses the importance of the prototypical victim-perpetrator combination, the perceived intention of the decision-maker, and the perceived harm caused as possible antecedents of perceived employment discrimination. In the organizational justice model, procedural, informational, interpersonal, and distributive fairness play …
Perceived Similarity, Expectation-Reality Discrepancies, And Mentors' Expressed Intention To Remain In Big Brothers/Big Sisters Programs, Benjamin Paul Madia, Catherine J. Lutz
Perceived Similarity, Expectation-Reality Discrepancies, And Mentors' Expressed Intention To Remain In Big Brothers/Big Sisters Programs, Benjamin Paul Madia, Catherine J. Lutz
Psychology Faculty Publications
Studies have begun to document the academic and psychosocial benefits of Big Brothers/ Big Sisters programs for at-risk youth (Rhodes, Grossman, & Resch, 2000). However, investigators have noted a problem with mentor attrition (Meissen & Lounsbury, 1981). The purpose of the current study was twofold. First, we explored the relative importance of specific dimensions of perceived similarity (including similarity in attitudes, interests, race, and personality) as well as mentors' expectation-reality discrepancies in predicting mentors' expressed intention to remain in Big Brothers/Big Sisters programs. Second, we examined a model whereby interpersonal attraction and relationship quality served as mediators of these associations. …
The Use Of Computer-Based Programmed Instruction As A Supplemental Tool To Train Behavior Analysis Concepts, Jason T. Otto
The Use Of Computer-Based Programmed Instruction As A Supplemental Tool To Train Behavior Analysis Concepts, Jason T. Otto
Dissertations
The objective of this dissertation was to produce effective computer-based programmed instruction modules to serve as supplemental training for an ongoing college seminar in behavior analysis. Computer-based programmed instruction supplemented a checklist of a strategy for diagramming behavioral contingencies in the first study and supplemented difficult textbook material in the other studies. In all, the instruction involved 31 concepts, rules, or objectives. Microsoft ®PowerPoint® and Macromedia Flash(TM) were the authoring tools used to develop these supplemental modules. The modules involved multiple-choice-branching programming, which students completed as homework assignments that were delivered with a compact disk (Studies 1-4) and the World …
Biotechnology And The Law: A Consideration Of Intellectual Property Rights And Related Social Issues, Michael D. Mehta
Biotechnology And The Law: A Consideration Of Intellectual Property Rights And Related Social Issues, Michael D. Mehta
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt] “Recent advances in biotechnology are expected by many to improve crop yield, reduce reliance on agricultural inputs like pesticides and herbicides, alleviate world hunger, improve the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, assist in the discovery of genes that trigger diseases like cancer, and make more efficient our legal institutions through DNA testing. Clearly, innovations in biotechnology are a powerful force for social change, and they pose unique challenges and opportunities for legal scholars and institutions. This section of the Pierce Law Review focuses on the interface between law and technology by examining how innovations in biotechnology accelerate debates about …
Sociological Realms Of Emotional Experience, Kathryn J. Lively, David R. Heise
Sociological Realms Of Emotional Experience, Kathryn J. Lively, David R. Heise
Dartmouth Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Managing Social Conflict - The Evolution Of A Practical Theory, David B. Moore
Managing Social Conflict - The Evolution Of A Practical Theory, David B. Moore
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
This article describes the co-evolution of a process and a theory. Through the 1990s, the process known as "conferencing" moved beyond child welfare and youth justice, to applications in schools, neighbourhoods, and workplaces. In each of these applications, conferencing has assisted participants to acknowledge and transform interpersonal conflict, as a prelude to negotiating a plan of action. Much analysis of conferencing has been linked with social theorist John Braithwaite, whose work has influenced the development of a multidisciplinary theory of these process dynamics, and the development of guiding principles. Key links between theory and practice are described in chronological sequence.
An Analysis Of Generational Differences Among Active Duty Members, Stephanie M. Skibo
An Analysis Of Generational Differences Among Active Duty Members, Stephanie M. Skibo
Theses and Dissertations
There seems to be a widely held belief that different generations have different attitudes toward work, organizations, and co-workers. Clearly, these observed differences have implications for managers and leaders. Actions taken by leaders might be misunderstood by junior organizational members, leading to undesirable outcomes. Considering that many generational groups are represented within the Air Force, there is a need to analyze and understand potential generational differences. With the exception of the Smola and Sutton (2002) study, little empirical research has explored the extent to which these differences actually exist and whether differences exist among Air Force members. This research explores …
An Analysis Of Generational Differences Among Civil Servants, Stacey L. Williams
An Analysis Of Generational Differences Among Civil Servants, Stacey L. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
There seems to be a wide held belief that different generations have different attitudes toward work, organizations, and co-workers. Clearly, these observed differences have implications for managers and leaders. Actions taken by leaders (who are often older) might be misunderstood by junior organizational members (who are often younger), leading to undesirable outcomes (i.e., turnover). Considering that many generational groups are represented within government service, there is a need to analyze and understand potential generational differences. With the notable exception of the Smola and Sutton (2002) study, little empirical research has explored the extent to which these differences actually exist and …
Decision Analysis Using Value Focused Thinking To Select Renewable Energy Sources, James S. Duke
Decision Analysis Using Value Focused Thinking To Select Renewable Energy Sources, James S. Duke
Theses and Dissertations
The United States is heavily dependent on fossil fuels to produce electricity. Renewable energy can provide an alternative source of energy for electricity production as well as reduce fossil fuel consumption. The executive agencies in the U.S. must also reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2010 based on 1990 emission levels as directed by Executive Order. However, there is currently no analysis model to provide guidance toward which renewable energy to select as a course of action. This research effort used value-focused thinking decision analysis to create a model based on inputs from the Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency. This …
Education About Chronic Mental Illness And Coping In These Families, Judith Marie Watiti
Education About Chronic Mental Illness And Coping In These Families, Judith Marie Watiti
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Coping styles of family members and familial relationships of patients with Schizophrenia/Schizoaffective, Dissociative, and/or Bipolar Disorder maybe influenced by psychoeducation interventions. Specifically, Psychoeducation (i.e. comprehensive & standardized protocol) can lower family member/primary caregiver expressed emotions (i.e. criticism, emotional over-involvement, avoidance & detachment) that will strengthen their coping styles as caregivers. A control and treatment group were comprised of a total of 32 randomly assigned family members. During the first week. The Coping Styles Questionnaire and The Family Questionnaire were administered to both groups as pretests. In addition, a registration form was completed containing information such as name, address, telephone number, …
Cross-Situational Consistency Of Affective Experiences Across Cultures, Shigehiro Oishi, Ed Diener, Christie N. Scollon, Robert Biswas-Diener
Cross-Situational Consistency Of Affective Experiences Across Cultures, Shigehiro Oishi, Ed Diener, Christie N. Scollon, Robert Biswas-Diener
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This study examined cross-situational consistency of affective experiences using an experience-sampling method in Japan, India, and the United States. Participants recorded their moods and situations when signaled at random moments for 7 days. The authors examined relative (interindividual) consistency and absolute (within-person) consistency. They found stable interindividual differences of affective experiences across various situations (mean r = .52 for positive affect .51 for negative affect) and cultural invariance of the cross-situational consistency of affective experiences. Simultaneously, the authors found a considerable degree of within-person cross-situational variation in affective experiences, and cultural differences in within-person cross-situational consistency. Thus, global affective traits …
Potential Components Of Time Personality: A Literature Review, Jane Ackerson
Potential Components Of Time Personality: A Literature Review, Jane Ackerson
Honors Theses
What is time? The simple yet puzzling question has been posed on numerous occasions generating various responses. Time can be described as quantifiable, structured, even having monetary value. Time can be viewed in a subjective or objective manner and can be influenced by internal and external factors. Time can create pressure, anxiety, or boredom. Time is what we perceive it to be. This perception is a potentially vital component involved in the makeup of time personality. Theoretically, time personality is shaped by many factors affecting the relationship an individual has with time. The objectives of the research were to identify …
A Study Of Shame In Anorexia Nervosa, Jessica L. Conwell
A Study Of Shame In Anorexia Nervosa, Jessica L. Conwell
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder that has been documented as far back as 1689 and is now recognized as the mental health issue with the highest mortality rate. Many research projects have attempted to pinpoint the emotional factors that drive this disorder. Shame is an emotion that has just begun to be recognized for its impact on psychopathology. Intuitively, it seems reasonable to suggest that shame could play an important role in AN, a disorder that is commonly associated with emotional shutdown and restriction. Currently, there is no research that addresses the potential impact of shame on the …
Development Of The Jewel Equestrian Scale, Valerie A. Tsohantaridis
Development Of The Jewel Equestrian Scale, Valerie A. Tsohantaridis
Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)
Equestrian athletes have not been the topic of systematic study. There is a vast array of folklore and wisdom, lay study, and practice at the grassroots level regarding the relationship of horse and rider. The field of therapeutic horseback riding primarily consists of examining the benefits of riding for the physically handicapped. There is also the relatively fledgling movement of equine-assisted psychotherapy, that typically combines qualified therapists alongside qualified horse trainers. European study is more longstanding, extensive, and includes exploration of the psychotherapeutic benefits of equine therapy. The smattering of work is grounded on the study of the equestrian athlete, …
Musculoskeletal Disorders: Primary And Secondary Interventions, Robert J. Gatchel
Musculoskeletal Disorders: Primary And Secondary Interventions, Robert J. Gatchel
Psychology Faculty Publications - Archive
In the United States alone, the annual cost associated with the diagnosis and care of musculoskeletal trauma amounts to tens of billions of dollars [Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders: Function, Outcomes and Evidence. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia]. Moreover, these costs are continuing to increase at an alarming rate. In fact, in the United States today, occupational musculoskeletal disorders are the leading causes of work disability. Changes in health care policy and demand for improved allocation of health care resources by the Federal government have also recently placed greater pressure on health care professionals to provide the most cost-effective treatment for these …
The Factor Structure Of The Anxiety Sensitivity Index Among Northern Plains Native Americans, Peter J. Norton, Tami J. De Coteau, Debra A. Hope, Jessiline Anderson
The Factor Structure Of The Anxiety Sensitivity Index Among Northern Plains Native Americans, Peter J. Norton, Tami J. De Coteau, Debra A. Hope, Jessiline Anderson
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Within our current research climate, an emphasis has been placed on examining the cross-cultural applicability of psychological tools and exploring their utility with people of different backgrounds. Within this line of investigation lies the risk of classifying people too broadly and masking important regional, tribal, or dialectical differences. This may be particularly potent among Native Americans, given the number of distinct indigenous entities. This study examined the psychometric characteristics of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index with a tribally homogeneous sample, as compared to previous tribally heterogeneous and majority culture findings. Results suggested that data from a homogeneous Native American sample poorly …
Leadership And Creativity: Understanding Leadership From A Creative Problem-Solving Perspective, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Jody J. Illies
Leadership And Creativity: Understanding Leadership From A Creative Problem-Solving Perspective, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Jody J. Illies
Psychology Faculty Publications
Employees in many jobs encounter novel, ill-defined problems, and finding creative solutions to these problems may be the critical factor that allows their organization to maintain a competitive advantage. Solving problems creatively requires extensive and effortful cognitive processing. This requirement is magnified further by the complex, ambiguous situations in which most organizational problems occur. Employees must define and construct a problem, search and retrieve problem-relevant information, and generate and evaluate a diverse set of alternative solutions. Creativity necessitates that all these activities are completed effectively. It is unlikely, therefore, that creative outcomes will be realized without a large degree of …
Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Anxiety Sensitivity, Joshua J. Broman-Fulks, Mitchell E. Berman, Brian A. Rabian, Michael J. Webster
Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Anxiety Sensitivity, Joshua J. Broman-Fulks, Mitchell E. Berman, Brian A. Rabian, Michael J. Webster
Faculty Publications
Anxiety sensitivity is a known precursor to panic attacks and panic disorder, and involves the misinterpretation of anxiety-related sensations. Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce generalized anxiety, and may also reduce anxiety sensitivity through exposure to feared physiological sensations. Accordingly, 54 participants with elevated anxiety sensitivity scores completed six 20-min treadmill exercise sessions at either a high-intensity aerobic (n = 29) or low-intensity (n = 25) level. Self-ratings of anxiety sensitivity, fear of physiological sensations associated with anxiety, and generalized anxiety were obtained at pretreatment, post-treatment, and one-week follow-up. Results indicated that both high- and low-intensity exercise reduced anxiety …
Measuring Prejudiced Attitudes Toward Mexicans In Latter-Day Saint Missionaries During Missionary Service In The American Southwest, Jared A. Montoya
Measuring Prejudiced Attitudes Toward Mexicans In Latter-Day Saint Missionaries During Missionary Service In The American Southwest, Jared A. Montoya
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the foundations of prejudiced attitudes toward Mexicans held by White Americans and to investigate a means of reducing it, paying specific attention to prejudice found within a subpopulation of White Americans. The origins of American prejudice toward Mexicans are outlined using both historical and psychological explanations. An understanding of these origins leads to the notion that increased favorable contact is the best method for reducing prejudice. A field study focusing on prejudice toward Mexicans among ecclesiastical volunteers demonstrated that missionary service can be considered a means of favorable contact. Eighty-one White American …
An Exploratory Study Of The Emotion-Expressive Behaviors Of "Peace," "Contentment," And "Annoyed/Irritated": Implications For Dead And Living Faces, Frank E. Eyetsemitan
An Exploratory Study Of The Emotion-Expressive Behaviors Of "Peace," "Contentment," And "Annoyed/Irritated": Implications For Dead And Living Faces, Frank E. Eyetsemitan
Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications
This study initially set out to explore the facial features (and their descriptions) of the emotion-expressive behaviors of "peace" and "contentment" but ended up with a third one, "annoyed/irritated." The emotion-expressive behaviors of "peace" and "contentment" have been associated with the faces of deceased persons in a previous study. The pictures of two volunteers taken during a class on relaxation technique were given to 93 respondents made up of volunteer students from a small midwestern college and volunteer residents of a nursing home (see Appendix A and B). Participants were asked to choose from a list provided them the emotion-expressive …
Somatotopic Representation Of Action Words In Human Motor And Premotor Cortex, Olaf Hauk, Ingrid Johnsrude, Friedemann Pulvermüller
Somatotopic Representation Of Action Words In Human Motor And Premotor Cortex, Olaf Hauk, Ingrid Johnsrude, Friedemann Pulvermüller
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Since the early days of research into language and the brain, word meaning was assumed to be processed in specific brain regions, which most modern neuroscientists localize to the left temporal lobe. Here we use event-related fMRI to show that action words referring to face, arm, or leg actions (e.g., to lick, pick, or kick), when presented in a passive reading task, differentially activated areas along the motor strip that either were directly adjacent to or overlapped with areas activated by actual movement of the tongue, fingers, or feet. These results demonstrate that the referential meaning of action words has …
Accroître Les Efforts De Prévention : La Santé Et La Sécurité Du Travail Dans La Construction Au Québec, Jean-Pierre Brun
Accroître Les Efforts De Prévention : La Santé Et La Sécurité Du Travail Dans La Construction Au Québec, Jean-Pierre Brun
Rapports de recherche scientifique
Ce rapport présente les résultats d’une recherche s'intéressant au processus d'application de mesures de prévention dans l'industrie de la construction. L'objectif de la recherche est donc de comprendre comment et pourquoi les mesures préventives sont appliquées ou non sur divers chantiers de construction. Les conditions susceptibles d'influencer l'application des mesures préventives peuvent être situées sur un axe partant d’un contexte global à un contexte local. Nous les regroupons selon qu'elles concernent principalement le contexte général (cadre législatif, organisation industrielle, etc.), le contexte d’affaires (marché, clients, maître d’œuvre, etc.), le chantier (environnement physique, type de chantier, etc.), les acteurs collectifs (syndicats, …
The Advantage Of Steep As A Method To Identify Elementary School Children Who Are At-Risk For Learning Disabilities, Chandra Nease
The Advantage Of Steep As A Method To Identify Elementary School Children Who Are At-Risk For Learning Disabilities, Chandra Nease
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
The purpose of the current study was to determine the relationship between the Screening to Enhance Equitable Placement (STEEP) and the Dyslexia Screening Instrument (DSI) to deem STEEP a valuable tool for identifying children who may be at risk for a learning disability or dyslexia. The following research question was examined: What is the concurrent validity of STEEP, as a screening instrument for identifying at risk students for learning disabilities by comparing it to the Dyslexia Screening Instrument? In this study, students in first through fourth grade classrooms at a rural Southeastern Ohio elementary school who were administered STEEP and …
Predicting Dyslexia With Screening To Enhance Equitable Placement (Steep), Erica N. Stoler
Predicting Dyslexia With Screening To Enhance Equitable Placement (Steep), Erica N. Stoler
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
The purpose of this study was to predict whether students who achieved the mastery/instructional level in math and the frustrational level in reading with Screening to Enhance Equitable Placement (STEEP) were identified as being good candidates for a positive dyslexic evaluation based on the Dyslexia Screening Tool (DST). Twenty-eight students in first through fifth grades from a rural elementary school in Southeast Ohio were selected based on the results of their initial STEEP screening and those selected students were administered the Dyslexia Screening Tool (DST). Results indicated that there was not a significant relationship between the selected STEEP results and …
The Comparative Analysis Of The Dyslexia Screening Instrument And The Dyslexia Screening Tool, Shelley J. Lemasters
The Comparative Analysis Of The Dyslexia Screening Instrument And The Dyslexia Screening Tool, Shelley J. Lemasters
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
STEEP is a universal screening instrument that provides effective and efficient identification of students at risk. It is hypothesized that by using the difference between the math STEEP score and the reading STEEP score that STEEP can be used to identify dyslexic children. The present research was conducted by selecting students that scored mastery/instructional in math and frustrational in reading as the sample. The current study examines the correlation between the Dyslexia Screening Instrument and the Dyslexia Screening Tool by administering those instruments to the identified population. The results were analyzed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and the …
The Reliability Of The Piers-Harris Children’S Self-Concept Scale, Second Edition, Nello Nicole Lemley
The Reliability Of The Piers-Harris Children’S Self-Concept Scale, Second Edition, Nello Nicole Lemley
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
This research was designed to assess the reliability of a new measure of children’s self-esteem. The Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale Second Edition, Piers-Harris 2, is a self-report assessment. The study analyzed the split-half reliability of the Piers- Harris 2 using 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students from a rural middle school in Ohio. The results of the split-half reliability analysis using the Pier-Harris 2 were inconsistent with the split-half reliability of the Piers-Harris first edition and alpha reliability coefficient of the Piers-Harris 2. The split-half reliability of the Piers-Harris 2 was at the 0.52 level whereas other reports were at …