Digital Commons Network^™

Unintended Consequences Of Arousing Fear In Social Marketing, Nadine Henley, Rob Donovan

Research outputs pre 2011

The intention of social marketers, by definition, is to contribute to social good. However, an unintended consequence of the frequent use of fear-arousal in social marketing may be the creation of a sense of helplessness both in the target market and in unintended markets. Arousing fear may be counterproductive when attempting to persuade some people to abandon anxiety-soothing, addictive behaviours, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use (Firestone 1994) and may lead to counterproductive, fatalistic thinking and maladaptive responses (Job 1988; Rippetoe & Rogers 1987). The possibility that fear arousal creates helplessness is an important issue for marketing in the …

The Impact Of The Ideal Thin Body Image On Women, Nicole Hawkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Researchers and clinicians have postulated that the thin-ideal image portrayed in the media leads to body dissatisfaction and negative self-appraisals among women; however, there is little research that has directly examined the effects of these images on women. The purpose of this research investigation was to experimentally examine the effects of exposure to the thin-ideal on women's affect, self-esteem, body satisfaction, and level of internalization of the thin body image. This study also assessed how the thin-ideal image differentially impacted women with a diagnosed eating disorder. College women (N = 145) were randomly exposed to photographs from popular magazines …

Navajo Adolescent Pregnancy: Identifying Ecocultural Factors Among Adolescent Mothers And Their Infants, Jessiline Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Understanding the adaptational responses and ecocultural niche of the Navajo adolescent mother from her perspective provides a richness of information about a little-studied population. The overall purpose of this study was to explore the ecocultural factors determined to be significant in the decision of a Navajo adolescent mother to remain in high school or drop out of high school. Thirty Navajo adolescent mothers recruited from two small reservation towns in eastern Arizona participated in the study. Navajo adolescent mothers in the study participated in a one and one half hour semistructured accommodations interview, and completed a Family Resource Scale and …

Effects Of Perceived Sugar Or Chocolate Intake On Self-Reported Food Cravings, Mood States, And Food Intake: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, Lara J. Schultz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many dieters and compulsive overeaters report that sugar and chocolate are the most commonly craved foods. Further, many individuals have proclaimed themselves to be "addicted" to sugar or chocolate. It remains unclear, however, what factors lead to report of specific food addictions. A number of researchers have suggested that highly repetitive consumption of sugar and chocolate may result from various physiological processes (e.g., neurochemical imbalances, glucose/insulin malfunctioning). However, there is also considerable evidence that psychosocial factors (i.e., expectancies, classical, and operant conditioning) play the major role in the development and maintenance of excessive sugar/chocolate intake. Empirical studies examining factors that …

Children's Attitudes Toward Television Advertising: A State Of The Art Review, Heidi L. Haskins

Honors Theses

The issue of children and advertising came to light in the 1970s and has continued to be a topic of much discussion ever since. In started in the 1970s when the Action for Children's Television petitioned the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to eliminate all commercials from children's TV programs. Then in January 1973, the major networks agreed to reduce commercial time in children's weekend programs from 16 minutes an hour to 12 minutes an hour. In 1991, the Better Business Bureau estimated that children in the U.S. watch an average of 3.5 hours of television every day, and the average …

Relation Of Abuse And Placement Histories To Pathology Development In Middle Childhood Males, Clare Louise Herder

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Extra-Curricular Activities On Resiliency In Foster Children, Amanda Louise Wilson, Mary Anne Stoever

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Neurofeedback Training On Objective And Subjective Measures Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In Children, Carolyn Mary Nott Mccollum

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Discontinuing Coffee Intake On Iron Deficient Guatemalan Toddlers' Cognitive Development And Sleep, Patrice L. Engle, T. Vasdias, I. Howard, M.E. Romero-Abal, J. Quan De Serrano, J. Bulux, N. W. Solomons, K. G. Dewey

Psychology and Child Development

Coffee is commonly given daily to toddlers in Guatemala. Possible negative effects of coffee ingestion on cognitive development and sleep patterns were assessed in 132 children 12–24 months of age who had received coffee for >2 months and were iron deficient on at least one indicator. Children were stratified by initial hemoglobin (A=anemic, Hgb

Review Of A Critical Link: Interventions For Physical Growth And Psychological Development, Gretel Pelto, Katherine Dickin, Patrice L. Engle

Psychology and Child Development

An extensive scientific review showing that psychological interventions to support psychological development and nutrition interventions to support physical growth are effective and that combined interventions to improve both growth and psychological development have synergistic effects.

Street Children: A Comparative Perspective, Kevin Lalor

Articles

Objective: This paper examines the findings from recent studies of street children in Ethiopia. Methods: Following a discussion of the term “street children,” comparisons are drawn between Latin American and Ethiopian street children in terms of gender, age, reasons for going to the streets, family relations and structure, delinquency, drug use, groups and the outcomes of street life. In particular, the victimisation of street children in Ethiopia is examined. Results: Widespread abuse of street children was reported. More than half of the street boys questioned reported being “regularly” physically attacked. Street life is also highly victimogenic for street girls. Sexual …

Differential Diagnosis Of Late Onset Psychosis Using Neuropsychological Assessment And Neuroimaging Techniques, Susan Fralick Ball

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Few references in the literature have been made with respect to the diagnosis of late onset psychosis by the use of behavioral observations coupled with neuropsychological and neuroimaging techniques. This is a report of the case of a 68-year-old woman who experienced a sudden onset of psychotic illness characterized by delusions and confabulation. As part of her neurobehavioral evaluation, a SPECT scan revealed right frontal and left anterior temporal lobe hypoperfusion. Serial neuropsychological evaluations demonstrated decline on tests of executive control (monitoring, allocation of attention, perseveration) and visuospatial abilities, whereas performance in other areas of cognitive functioning remained close to …

Perceived Social Support And Exercise Compliance Of Phase Iii Patients In Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs, Rana M. Smith

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in the level of perceived social support from family, friends, and program staff in Phase III patients who comply and patients who do not comply to cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Staff of 22 cardiac rehabilitation programs in ten different states, distributed 10 surveys to compliers and 10 surveys to non-compliers. A three-part questionnaire was designed to gather information regarding demographics, perceived staff social support and perceived family social support. Independent t-tests were used to determine if there were differences in perceived social support between compliers and non-compliers.

Of …

Object Relations And Identity Disturbances In Bulimic Women, Kathy Appledorn

Dissertations

Problem. Although diagnostic criteria of bulimia center on weight- and food-related issues, eating disorders may be viewed as a response to deficits in self-regulatory functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of bulimia, object relations, and identity. This study tested the hypotheses that women with a more severe eating pathology have high scores on object-relations disturbance as well as identity disturbance. It was postulated that women who have been assessed as having a more cohesive ego might respond to cognitive behavioral therapy while those who are assessed as having less intact ego …

Does The Intermediate Booklet Category Test Discriminate Between Ld And Non-Ld Children?, Jo Anna Scheidler

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Intermediate Booklet Category Test (IBCT) at identifying LD children between the ages of 9 and 14. Thirty children were involved in the study: 15 with a previous diagnosis of LD and 15 with no diagnosis. All subjects were expected to have an IQ no less than 80. The IBCT was administered to all thirty children and their error score calculated. The means of the scores of the diagnosed and control groups were found to be statistically significant at the .05 level. Also, statistical significance was found between IQ and IBCT scores. While neurological …

A Revision Of The Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Peter D. Endyke

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Research results indicated the Spiritual Well-being Scale, developed by Ellison and Paloutzian (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982; Ellison, 1983) suffered from ceiling effects (Ledbetter, et al, 1991). This suggested the Spiritual Well-being Scale might not adequately measure the construct of spiritual well-being, which has implications for the usefulness of the instrument. The purpose of this study was to show that spiritual disciplines are an essential part of spiritual health. Thus, the inclusion of aspects of the spiritual disciplines in the Spiritual Well-being Scale would: 1) reduce the ceiling effects of the scale, 2) increase the variability of the scale, and 3) …

Knowledge And Attitudes Of Sexuality In The Elderly Among Educators Of Health Care Professionals, Joanne L. Chapman

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Many elderly adults have fears and concerns regarding sexuality, including the impact of chronic disease on sexual function. Typically, society has negative attitudes toward elderly sexual expression with misconceptions, negative stereotyping and myths compounding ageist perceptions that the elderly become asexual with age. Thus knowledge of and attitudes toward sexuality in the elderly has become an area of interest over the past several decades. In an attempt to promote sexual expression as a right for the elderly and physiological changes viewed in terms of positive adjustment, White (1982) developed an instrument to determine knowledge of and attitudes towards sexuality of …

Science Experiences Of Six Elementary Student Teachers: A Case Study, Jacqueline K. Wilcox

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study focused on the science experiences of six elementary student teachers. The purpose of the study was to learn how preservice teachers make meaning of science teaching during their student teaching experience. The sources of data were interviews with participants, descriptive field notes from observations of their science teaching, and artifacts collected from the site. The themes that emerged from data analysis were personal and professional career influences and constant adjustments of teaching strategies. The participants experienced these themes in varying intensities.

Learning to teach science to elementary children for the first time is complicated by the context …

The Meeting Of Pain And Depression: Comorbidity In Women, Marta Meana

Psychology Faculty Research

The higher prevalence of depression in women is coupled with a higher prevalence of pain complaints. Growing evidence suggests that the comorbidity of these conditions is also proportionately higher in women than men. This paper critically reviews the empirical findings relating to gender differences in comorbid pain and depression as well as findings in support of hypothesized etiologic factors that could explain why women may be more susceptible than men to comorbidity. The empirical evidence for biogenic, psychogenic, and sociogenic explanatory models is presented, and an integration of these models is proposed as a guideline to both research and clinical …

Self-Harm As Control Of The Other: A Clinical-Political Nexus, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides explanations for a seemingly paradoxical behavior--harming of the self when one seems to wish not to be harmed. The explanation is illustrated by clinical and by political example.

Evaluating Measures Of Family History Of Alcoholism: Density Versus Dichotomy, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Sharon A. Mudd, Frederic C. Blow, Elizabeth M. Hill

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Aims: Studies have used myriad measures of family history of alcoholism (FH) making it difficult to compare them directly. Commonly used FH measures partition samples into the well-known positive (FH+) and negative (FH–) dichotomy, although quantitative measures of density potentially provide more information. A standard FH measure would facilitate between-study comparisons. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a quantitative FH measure, called Family History Density (FHD), that has theoretical and practical advantages over currently used measures. Design: Logistic regression equations were estimated for FHD and six commonly used FH measures on alcohol dependence diagnosis and two measures of …

From Winning Hearts And Minds To Shaping Behaviors: Nation-Building As A New Psychology Of Antiterrorism, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a qualitative change in the psychology of antiterrorism through nationbuilding activities.

Program Evaluation Of Project Team And Project Prep, Preservice Interdisciplinary Early Childhood Training Programs, Sarah Whittaker

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A survey of graduates who participated in Project TEAM (School Psychology, Social Work, and Speech/Language Pathology) and Project PREP (Interdisciplinary Early Childhood Education) is presented. Graduates completed coursework, seminars and practica that emphasized knowledge and skills related to working with children in the birth through 5 age group and their families. The survey determined in which competencies graduates indicated they were best and least prepared by the program and which competencies were most and least applicable to their present careers. The survey also determined what teaming models the graduates are currently using and would prefer to use in their careers. …

About Our Contributors, Philippe L. Gross, S. I. Shapiro

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

No abstract provided.

Therapy Videotape Presentation For Eating Disorder Clients: Development And Evaluation, Benita J. Quakenbush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eating disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. Earlier studies support the use of pretherapy training to help clients understand the tasks and challenges of therapy. However, a pretherapy intervention, such as showing prospective clients a video that outlines recovery issues and themes, had not yet been developed specifically for the prevalent, recalcitrant problem of eating disorders. Thus, of particular interest to clinicians who treat eating disorders may be the development of a theoretically sound, pretherapy videotape that outlines recovery issues.

One of the purposes of this study was to review prior investigations …

The Effect Of The Estimate Of Resting Metabolic Rate On The Correlation Between Energy Expenditure As Estimated Using Self-Reports Of Physical Activity And Food Intake Records In Older Adults, Judy Hurd

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in adults at least 50 years of age. The goal was to determine the effect of the estimate of resting metabolic rate (RMR) on the relationship between energy expenditure estimates made using (a) self-reports of physical activity and (b) food intake records. The objectives were to determine if (a) RMR estimates based on body composition, body weight, and the metabolic cart were strongly related to each other, and (b) TDEE estimates based on a 7-day physical activity diary and a 7-day food intake record were more strongly related to each other when …

Pretherapy Videotape Presentation For Eating Disorder Clients: Development And Evaluation, Benita J. Quakenbush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eating disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. Earlier studies support the use of pretherapy training to help clients understand the tasks and challenges of therapy. However, a pretherapy intervention, such as showing prospective clients a video that outlines recovery issues and themes, had not yet been developed specifically for the prevalent, recalcitrant problem of eating disorders. Thus, of particular interest to clinicians who treat eating disorders may be the development of a theoretically sound, pretherapy videotape that outlines recovery issues.

One of the purposes of this study was to review prior investigations …

Trends. Globalization And Security: Somalia, Indonesia, And The Import Of Mobility, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the potential for significant impact on the security of nation-states that illegal immigrants can have.

Maternal Employment, Child Care, And Nutritional Status Of 12-18-Month-Old Children In Managua, Nicaragua, Jessica F. Lamontagne, Patrice L. Engle, Marian F. Zeitlin

Psychology and Child Development

Relationships among women's employment, child care strategies, and nutritional status of children 12–18 months of age were examined in 80 Nicaraguan households sampled by randomized block design in 10 low income urban communities. Multiple regression analyses showed that children of employed mothers (56%) fared better in weight/height than those whose mothers were not employed. with and without controlling for socioeconomic status and maternal education, paternal financial support, child care adequacy, and sex and age of the child. Children with inadequate alternate child care (care by a preteen or care at the work place) had lower height for age, even controlling …

Examining The Demographic Characteristics Of Foster Children In The State Of California And The County Of San Bernardino, California Between July 1984 And July 1997, Bonnie Kay Rice

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.