Digital Commons Network^™

“Il Faut Manger” : Eating Disorders In Cameroonian Women, Jennifer Madowitz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this study is to investigate unhealthy eating attitudes and negative body images in young Cameroonian women. The study will center around a standardized questionnaire that covers eating attitudes. The research will also focus on the traditional Cameroonian idea of beauty, versus the more Western, “modern,” body image that is popular today. By exploring cultural factors through observation, as well as interviews, and analyzing key statistics from the questionnaire, this paper has come to the conclusion that though the problem of eating disorders and body dissatisfaction are not as high in Cameroon as they are in the United …

Psychological Implications Of The Doctrine Of Christian Perfection With Special Reference To John Wesley's View, Irv Brendlinger, Eric E. Mueller

Faculty Publications - George Fox School of Theology

The doctrine of Christian Perfection is viewed by some as a wonderful and liberating doctrine, but by others it is seen as producing false expectations and guilt. John Wesley, the first major theologian to develop a theology of Christian Perfection, encountered misunderstandings and problems with this doctrine. He wrote and preached to correct the misunderstandings. Unfortunately, misunderstandings persist and sometimes have psychological effects on individuals. This article explores common understandings, beliefs, and experiences regarding Christian Perfection among evangelical Christians from the holiness tradition. The material was gathered by means of interviews that were recorded. The interviews were then studied by …

Age-Related Functional Recruitment For Famous Name Recognition: An Event-Related Fmri Study, Kristy A. Nielson, Kelli Douville, Michael Seidenberg, John L. Woodard, Sarah K. Miller, Malgorzata Franczak, Piero Antuono, Stephen M. Rao

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

Recent neuroimaging research shows that older adults exhibit recruitment, or increased activation on various cognitive tasks. The current study evaluated whether a similar pattern also occurs in semantic memory by evaluating age-related differences during recognition of Recent (since the 1990s) and Enduring (1950s to present) famous names. Fifteen healthy older and 15 healthy younger adults performed the name recognition task with a high and comparable degree of accuracy, although older adults had slower reaction time in response to Recent famous names. Event-related functional MRI showed extensive networks of activation in the two groups including posterior cingulate, right hippocampus, temporal lobe …

The Effect Of Auditory And Visual Distracters On The Useful Field Of View: Implications For The Driving Task, Joanne Wood, Alex Chaparro, Louise Hickson, Nick Thyer, Philippa Carter, Julie Hancock, Adrene Hoe, Ivy Le, Louisa Sahetapy, Floravel Ybarzabal

Publications

PURPOSE. The driving environment is becoming increasingly complex, including both visual and auditory distractions within the in-vehicle and external driving environments. This study was designed to investigate the effect of visual and auditory distractions on a performance measure that has been shown to be related to driving safety, the useful field of view.

METHODS. A laboratory study recorded the useful field of view in 28 young visually normal adults (mean 22.6 +- 2.2 years). The useful field of view was measured in the presence and absence of visual distracters (of the same angular subtense as the target) and with three …

Understanding The Experience Of Teenage Parents: An Empirical Examination Of Attitudes And Expectations Among Education Professionals, Janet Lynn Pietrowski

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Approximately 10% of all adolescents between 15-19 years old in the United States become pregnant, with about half of these pregnancies resulting in birth. Several variables have been correlated with long-term outcomes for teenage mothers, including poor academic achievement, lower occupational attainment, poor mental health, and socioeconomic hardship. Social support is one factor that moderates these outcomes. This study employed the use of written vignettes to examine differences in expectations for success (educational, economic, and psychological) that educational professionals have for teenage mothers and non-mother adolescents (N=145). Vignettes were varied according to levels of social support and parenting status, with …

Cognitive Benefits Of Participation In Lifelong Learning Institutes, Patricia M. Simone, Melinda Scuilli

Psychology

This essay examines the role of cognitive stimulation in maintaining high cognitive functioning in later life. Cognition is dependent upon brain function and brain function can be improved through physical exercise and cognitive stimulation. Lifelong learning institutes offer older adults a myriad of opportunities to enhance their cognitive function. These institutes are not unique to the United States and need not offer courses in any particular format in order to facilitate cognitive benefits.

Therapists-In-Training Who Experience A Client Suicide: Implications For Supervision, Sarah Knox, Alan W. Burkard, Julie A. Jackson, April M. Schaack, Shirley A. Hess

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Client suicide is often an extraordinarily painful process for clinicians, especially those still in training. Given their training status, supervisees may look to their graduate programs and supervisors for guidance and support when such an event occurs. This study qualitatively examined the experiences of 13 prelicensure doctoral supervisees regarding their client's suicide. Findings suggest that these supervisees received minimal graduate training about suicide and that support from others, including supervisors, helped them cope with their client's death. Supervisors are advised to normalize and process supervisees' experiences of client suicide. Implications for training and practice are discussed.

Reverse Decision Making And Goal Attainment A Proof Of Concept As A New Approach To The Decision Making Process Under Uncertainty, Shitalkumar S. Sabne

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Decision making occurs when one must choose among alternatives. However, in uncertain environments where problems are complex and decision makers lack complete knowledge of the situation as well as decision alternatives, it's not possible for them to select an optimal decision outcome by 'Traditional Decision Approaches'. At present Reverse Decision Making is the central, although new and unproved, approach of Old Dominion University's Engineering Management and Systems Engineering research on decision making process for uncertain and complex situations. Even though research in decision making spans over one hundred years, there are still important problems which remain to be addressed.

There …

The Contribution Of Self-Determination Theory To An Understanding Of Psychological Distress Among Young Adults: Mediation Of Practical Involvement And Autonomy Support By Autonomy, Controlled, And Impersonal Orientations, Bradley D. Rockafellow

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The concept of autonomy, as conceptualized by SDT researchers, in relationship to the development of psychopathology has received little empirical attention. According to Selfdetermination theory (SDT; Ryan, Deci, & Grolnick, 1995), if parents facilitate, rather than undermine, the critical parenting dimensions of autonomy support, involvement, and structure, then children will develop as psychologically healthy adults. In addition, SDT would also predict that based on these critical parenting dimensions, children will develop differential inner motivational orientations (i.e., autonomy, control, and impersonal) representing varying degrees of autonomy (i.e., self determined behavior), which in turn should predict psychological distress or health. To test …

The Development Of Legal Reasoning Skills In Law Students: An Empirical Study, Stefan H. Krieger

Journal of Legal Education

No abstract provided.

Girls' Perception Of Physical Environmental Factors And Transportation: Reliability And Association With Physical Activity And Active Transport To School, Kelly R. Evenson, Amanda Birnbaum, Ariane L. Bedimo-Rung, James Sallis, Carolyn C. Voorhees, Kimberly Ring, John P. Elder

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background

Preliminary evidence suggests that the physical environment and transportation are associated with youth physical activity levels. Only a few studies have examined the association of physical environmental factors on walking and bicycling to school. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to examine the test-retest reliability of a survey designed for youth to assess perceptions of physical environmental factors (e.g. safety, aesthetics, facilities near the home) and transportation, and (2) to describe the associations of these perceptions with both physical activity and active transport to school.

Methods

Test and retest surveys, administered a median of 12 days later, …

Paradoxical Facilitation Of Object Recognition Memory After Infusion Of Scopolamine Into Perirhinal Cortex: Implications For Cholinergic System Function., Boyer D Winters, Lisa M Saksida, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The cholinergic system has long been implicated in learning and memory, yet its specific function remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of cortical acetylcholine in a rodent model of declarative memory by infusing the cholinergic muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine into the rat perirhinal cortex during different stages (encoding, storage/consolidation, and retrieval) of the spontaneous object recognition task. Presample infusions of scopolamine significantly impaired object recognition compared with performance of the same group of rats on saline trials; this result is consistent with previous reports supporting a role for perirhinal acetylcholine in object information acquisition. Scopolamine infusions …

Behavior Problems In Children Of Battered Women, Stacey Monahan

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to address this question: Is there a relationship between the trauma symptoms of mothers and the behavior problems of their children in the context of domestic violence? Mothers' trauma symptoms significantly correlated with their children's behavior problems in these children between the ages of 3 to 10 years. Pearson correlations revealed that the mothers' defensive avoidance scale scores significantly correlated with their children's anxious/depressed and internalizing scale scores, mothers' depression and impaired self-reference scale scores significantly correlated with their children's withdrawn and internalizing scale scores, and mothers' dysfunctional sexual behavior and tension reduction behavior …

Video-Based Versus Written Situational Judgment Tests: A Comparison In Terms Of Predictive Validity, Filip Lievens, Paul R. Sackett

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this study, the authors examined whether video-based situational judgment tests (SJTs) have higher predictive validity than written SJTs (keeping verbal content constant). The samples consisted of 1, 159 students who completed a video-based version of an SIT and 1,750 students who completed the same SIT in a written format. The study was conducted in a high stakes testing context. The video-based version of an interpersonally oriented SJT had a lower correlation with cognitive ability than did the written version. It also had higher predictive and incremental validity for predicting interpersonally oriented criteria than did the written version. In this …

Design And Implementation Of The Domestic Violence Services In Rural Clinics Intervention, Ann L. Coker, Paige H. Smith, Vicki C. Flerx, Daniel J. Whitaker, Mary Kay Fadden, Melinda Williams

CRVAW Faculty Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Men's Quest For Wholeness: The Changing Counseling Needs Of Paheka Males, Philip Culbertson

UNIversitas: Journal of Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

In this essay I will claim that one of the most significant factors explaining the high levels of domestic and public violence in New Zealand is the definition of masculinity that Pakeha (descendants of white colonial settlers) men have inherited and the risks and demands for men who attempt to achieve it. In order to comprehend the extreme stress which the Pakeha definition of masculinity places on men, we need to begin by understanding how culture-specific every definition of masculinity (and femininity) is. Next we need to review how this Pakeha definition developed as a result of the history of …

Effects Of A Parenting Group On Family Relationships And Child Behavior Problems, Patricia E. Fernandez

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The current study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the Parent Project, a structured parenting group used with the parents of adolescents, 12 to 15 years old, who have been identified as experiencing behavior problems. The Parent Project focuses on improving the parent child relationship and family environment. Participants included 12 caretakers who have completed the 10-week program. Intervention effects were evaluated at baseline and upon completion of the program. It was hypothesized that parents would report significantly greater improvements in the parent-child relationship, family environment, and child behavior problems at completion of the program. Statistical and clinical significant …

Temperament And Character Correlates Of The Startle Reflex, Kristen Lee Godenick

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Some literature suggests that individual temperament traits can modulate the startle reflex. There is evidence supporting Cloninger’s concept of Harm Avoidance as being predictive of individual differences in reactivity to aversive stimuli. (Corr, 1997). Since this finding, a new version Cloninger’s measure includes character subscales that like temperament, have been proposed to modify the meaning of experiences, changing emotional reactions. High scorers on the character variables are less susceptible to excessive anxiety and tend to have neurochemical profiles that are not consistent with anxiety disorders (Gillespie, 2003; Tse & Bond, 2001; Peirson et al., 1999). It was thus hypothesized that …

Multicultural Competency Instrumentation: A Review And Analysis Of Reliability Generalization, Todd W. Dunn, Timothy B. Smith, Jared A. Montoya

Faculty Publications

This article reviews the internal consistency reliability of multicultural competency instrumentation. Additional psychometric properties are qualitatively reviewed for commonly used instruments and 5 other measures of multicultural competency that have not previously been reviewed in the literature. Results indicate that the most widely used instruments have generally acceptable internal consistency reliability across different populations and settings. Limitations of research conducted on multicultural counseling competencies are identified, and recommendations for future research are provided.

Effekte Und Kosten Universaler Prävention Von Internalisierungsstörungen Bei Kindern Und Jugendlichen (Effects And Costs Of Universal Prevention Of Internalization Disorders In Children And Adolescents)., Patrick Pössel, Silvia Schneider, Simone Seemann

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Internalisierungsstörungen gehören zu den häufigsten Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters und stellen bedeutende Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten von psychischen Störungen des Erwachsenenalters dar. Nach einer Begriffsbestimmung der verschiedenen Ansätze zur Prävention psychischer Störungen wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag der internationale Forschungsstand zur universalen Prävention von Internalisierungsstörungen zusammengefasst. Um die Wirkung der Präventionsprogramme untereinander vergleichbar zu machen und die Kosten-Nutzen-Relation zu berechnen wurde Hedge’s g für die verfügbaren Vergleiche über die Zeit berechnet. Anschließend wurde Hedge’s g der Kontrollgruppe von dem g der Interventionsgruppe subrahiert um so die Nettoeffektstärke des Präventionsprogramms zu erhalten. Außerdem wurde die Anzahl der Gruppenleiter mit der …

Evaluation Of Program Outcomes: Assessment In Children, Cheryl M. Romano

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In an age of increased concern for accountability and the review of services, administrators of health programs should be able to present their clinics effectiveness, and demonstrate their excellent service to the community, along with providing evidence for the continued need of such clinics. Outcome evaluation plays an integral part in providing this information, and is intended to provide information concerning the effectiveness of a particular program, thus allowing for modification, and even better outcomes.

This project addressed pre and post functioning in children referred for academic and/or behavioral difficulties, in a university of health sciences-based clinic. The aim was …

Religious Coping Among People Of Individuals With Hiv/Aids, Boitumelo Rakwena

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study examined how religion affects one’s psychological health as he/she deals with life crisis. Religious coping strategies explained variance above and beyond demographics variables. Although religious and spiritual beliefs and practices have been frequently associated with greater psychological well-being among the illness populations, religious coping remains rather unexplored. Further, studies on the role of religious coping on caregivers of the chronically ill are even less available. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore religious coping in parents/caregivers who care for teens/adults with HIV/AIDS. This study proposed to examine this facet of illness in a community health center …

Mmpi-2 Predictors Of Postpartum Depression Symptom-Severity, Brandon Andrew Yakush

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The following research study measured possible psychological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression (PPD) with specific scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 2^nd Edition (MMPI-2). This personality instrument was administered to women during their third trimester of pregnancy. In the postpartum period the same subjects were assessed by a specific measure of postpartum depression, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Scores on the EPDS were subsequently correlated to specific MMPI-2 scales to determine the personality and symptom predictors of the onset of postpartum depression symptoms and to validate the MMPI-2 as a predictor of PPD symptom-severity. The following …

Key Leadership Roles In The 9/11 Terrorist Attack, Aubrey Immelman

Psychology Faculty Publications

Personality assessment of three al-Qaida leaders in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the United States – Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, and Mohamed Atta – provides evidence for a rudimentary model of the leadership roles required for a global-reach terrorist operation: (1) a narcissistic, charismatic leader devoid of core values beyond personal self-interest, adept at exploiting others in pursuit of his grandiose ambitions (e.g., bin Laden); (2) a strategic-thinking “true believer” without constraints of conscience regarding the level of violence he is willing to employ in his single-minded pursuit of mission (e.g., al-Zawahiri); and (3) unobtrusive, disciplined operatives …

Relationships, Layoffs, And Organizational Resilience: Airline Industry Responses To September 11, Jody H. Gittell, Kim Cameron, Sandy Lim, Victor Rivas

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, affected the U.S. airline industry more than almost any other industry. Certain airlines emerged successful and demonstrated remarkable resilience while others languished. This investigation identifies reasons why some airline companies recovered successfully after the attacks while others struggled. Evidence is provided that layoffs after the crisis, although intended to foster recovery, instead inhibited recovery throughout the 4 years after the crisis. But, layoffs after the crisis were strongly correlated with lack of financial reserves and lack of a viable business model prior to the crisis. Digging deeper, the authors find that having a …

Just Delivering The News Or Something More? How The Mass Media Influence Public Opinion And Public Perception, Tamara D. Marashlian

Modern Psychological Studies

The media, which include radio, television and newspapers, have become a crucial part of society as it provides the public with a variety of information on a daily basis. As a result, the media can potentially influence public opinion and public perception. This review examines the current research on how the media are influential and, in the process, the degree to which the media are responsible for creating public opinion. Also explained is the third-person effect, defined as the belief that a person considers himself to be less influenced by the media than others. Furthermore, the review focuses on the …

Deliberate Self-Harm In Clinical And Non-Clinical Populations, Jeffrey T. Counterman

Modern Psychological Studies

Approximately 4% of the general population and 14% of college students have engaged or currently engage in deliberate self-harm. The purpose of the Literature Review is to assess similarities and differences of demographic information, gender, age, frequency, prevalence rates, methods, and reasons of self-harm in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Definitions and alternate names of self-harm were presented, common misconceptions regarding gender were discussed, and frequency and prevalence rates in clinical and non-clinical samples were compared.

Effectiveness Of Treatment Interventions For Adults Suffering From Anger Disorders: A Literature Review, Amy Levitt, Mark J. Sciutto

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Marriage Length, Spousal Support, And Marital Satisfaction In Dual-Income Men And Women, Shaday A. Gallimore, Jennifer L. Hughes, Holly A. Geldhauser

Modern Psychological Studies

The introduction of women into the workforce has led to a steady increase in the number of dual-income couples in the United States. Since dual-income married couples now comprise the majority of couples, they are especially important to study. Approximately half of marriages end in divorce, so an increased knowledge of what makes marriages work is essential. Previous studies indicate that as spousal support increases so does marital satisfaction. This study seeks to confirm the above mentioned relationship for dual-income married couples by studying 143 dual-income couples from varying demographic backgrounds. Also, we will investigate whether couples married for a …

Introduction To The Special Issue: What We Can Learn From Large Scale Human Resources Initiatives In The Federal Government And Department Of Defense, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Michael D. Mumford, Michael A. Campion

Psychology Faculty Publications

Arguably, the government has some of the most complex and sophisticated Human Resource (HR) initiatives of any organization in the country. This is due to at least three reasons. First, the sheer size of the government requires sophisticated HR systems to manage the huge number of HR decisions required. Second, the HR systems in the government must respond to much greater external (public) scrutiny than any other organization because it is funded by government money and must be responsive to taxpayers interests and concerns. As such, fairness and defensibility are far more important factors than in other organizations. Third, the …