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Teaching Basic Laundry Skills To Multiply-Handicapped Persons: An Experimental Validation, Thomas J. Thompson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Cardiac Changes During An Attention-Demanding Task In Mentally Retarded Adults, James M. Granfield

Student Work

The relationship between physiological response patterns and intellectual deficiencies was investigated by examining heart rate changes during a sustained attention-demanding task with institutionalized mentally retarded adults classified into three different I.Q. levels. The task consisted of simple motor responses made to a visual display within which was "hidden" the stimulus cue of Santa Claus. The findings indicated that changes in the within-trial heart rate response were significantly different between groups. Consistent with previous research on retarded adolescents, the retarded adults in the present study were characterized by a significant increase in heart rate variability upon stimulus onset. However, the high …

The Effects Of Extrinsic Rewards On Intrinsic Motivation: Reinforcement Theory Or Cognitive Evaluation Theory, Jack S. Leon

Student Work

Intrinsically motivated behaviors are those for which there is no apparent reward except the activity itself. Such rewards are mediated within the individual. Rather than bringing about external rewards, intrinsically motivated behaviors bring about internal states that the individual finds rewarding (Deci, 1975a).

The Operational Effectiveness Of The Behavioral Expectations Scale & The Mixed Standard Scale: A Comparative Evaluation, Deborah Boniske

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Performance evaluations were obtained on firefighters in a large Midwestern City. The evaluations were conducted through utilization of two different scale types (The Behavioral Expectation Scale and The Mixed Standard Scale). These evaluations were obtained in order to test the hypotheses that the MSS was psychometrically superior to the BES in the reduction of halo and leniency error and that the MSS was also the better scale type in terms of producing higher interrater reliability. Leniency error (in both the absolute and comparative sense) was examined by conducting a series of T-tests. Halo error was investigated by a comparison of …

The Effect Of Feminist And Anti-Feminist Speeches On Feminist And Nonfeminist Women's Self-Esteem, Addis Eugenia Spurge

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Three groups of women from undergraduate psychology classes at the University of Central Florida were exposed to an experimental treatment which consisted of either a feminist, anti-feminist or a sex-role neutral speech. All subjects were administered the Feminism II Scale prior to the treatment, and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale both prior to and immediately following the treatment conditions. No posttest differences in total self-esteem scores were noted among the treatment conditions. The anti-feminist treatment sample did have significantly lower scores on the family self subscale of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale than either the feminist or control groups. Additionally, there were …

The Use Of Picture-Symbol Pairings To Demonstrate Fading In Preschoolers Of Normal Intelligence, Donna Edwards Slaughter

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Forty preschoolers were exposed to one of four groups in which the manner of presenting a stimulus, which consisted of a picture and a symbol, was varied. In the Standard (Std.) group, picture and symbol were ~f equal visibility, while the picture gradually became less visible over successive trials in the Fade· Picture Out (FPO) group. The Increase Symbol Size (ISS) group had the picture remain clearly visible and the symbol gradually increase in size while the Fade Picture Out-Increase Symbol Size (FPO-ISS) group had both the picture become less visible and the symbol increase in size over trials. A …

Which Therapy?: An Analysis Of Value Judgments In Psychotherapy, David Shaw

Theses

• The Problem: The author addresses the lack of systematic guidance for laypersons in selecting a psychotherapy model that aligns with their individual lifestyle, personality, and values. 

• The Method: The study utilizes a comparative analysis of Moral, Illness, Psychoanalytic, Behavioral/Learning, and Existential/Humanistic perspectives, incorporating literature from theorists like Freud, Rogers, and Wolpe alongside practicum experience at the Hypnosis Motivation Institute and the Growth Art Therapy Program.

• Qualitative Finding: The analysis determines that effective therapy depends on the compatibility between the client's personal characteristics and the therapist's theoretical orientation, as evidenced by the author's observation that theoretically conflicting therapies can both be …

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Pupil Social-Stylistic Variability & The Teacher Perception Of Student Role Performance, Gail Stevens

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study investigated tne effects of students' intelligence, locus of control, and creativity on teachers' perceptions of students. Sixty-three fourth graders and two teacners from a local school participated. :he Verbal Scale of the WISC-R, the Circles Test from the Torrance Tests of Creative fhinking, and the Nowicki-Strickland I-E Locus of Control Scale ior Children were administered to the subjects. The teachers were requested to complete the Teacher Perception of Student Role Performance Scale (TPSRP) on each child. This instrument yielded scores on three factors of student role-- Competence, Sociability, and Social Conformity. rultiple regressions were performed to determine the …

Images Of Women And Men In Contemporary Pop Song: Production And Perception, Gloriaa Norgang

Master's Theses

This study explored the images of women and men presented in the 1978 top 25 pop songs. An evaluation of these images was made by 23 women and 21 men. Each evaluator chose one of seven descriptors (objectifier, diminutizer, user, appreciating, used, diminutized, and objectified) to describe each female and male character in each pop song. Chi square analyses indicated that the sex of character effect on the descriptor frequencies was significant for women and men evaluators. Differences between women and men evaluators were not significant for female nor male characters. Analyses of data from both women and men evaluators …

Avoidance Learning Of Anxiety : An Application Of Signal Detection Theory, Maribeth Ekey

Master's Theses

The purpose of the present study was to test the appli­ cation of Signal Detection Theory to a model for the development of anxiety. An attempt was made to condi­ tion anxiety responses to decreasing magnitudes of a noxious stimulus through the negative reinforcement of avoidance behavior. An analogue based on Mandler and Watson's (1966) interruption theory was designed. Data from 32 male and female volunteers from the University of Richmond subject pool were used in the final analy­ sis. All students were pretested with Sarason's (1972) Test Anxiety Scale and placed in high- and low-anxiety groups according to …

Teaching-Care: Developing Therapeutic Staff-Client Interactions During Daily Care Activities, Martin T. Ivancic

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Behavioral Contrast Using Multiple Discriminative Stimuli, Gary M. Stoynoff

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Sensory Extinction In The Treatment Of Self-Injurious Behavior, Michael F. Dorsey

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Suggested Sight Vocabulary Training Program, Martin Halvorsen

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Habilitation In Michigan’S Developmental Centers Since The Enactment Of The Michigan Mental Health Code, Janet Maccormack

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Generalization Of Behavior Modification Skills Acquired Through Observation Training Procedures, Thomas E. Mccarthy

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Consciousness, Neurons, And Laughing Gas, Dody Michelson Orendurff

Dissertations and Theses

Psychological and physiological effects of nitrous oxide resemble those of eight other drug categories. Lipid solubility or hydrate microcrystal theories correlate behavioral measures with measurable parameters of the molecule N₂O. N₂O, a spindle poison, halts mitosis in metaphase, producing widespread physiological consequences. N₂O affects the microtubules of the spindle in a number of specific ways. Microtubules are utilized in other parts of eukaryotic cells, in a wide variety of functions. In neurons, microtubules build and maintain dendritic sensory processes. Since microtubules are built of two dissimilar proteins, constantly assemble and disassemble, and maintain a …

An Experimental Model Using Dance Training As Therapy For Women Over Thirty Five, Thelma J. Lofquist

Dissertations and Theses

The intent of this study was to use an experimental model to investigate the use of dance training for improving the self-esteem of women over the age of 35.

Sixteen women over the age of 35 were taught jazz dance over a 10 week period. A pre and post test of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale was used on both a dance group and a no dance group. It was hypothesized there would be positive changes in three of the 10 scores in the TSCS for the dance group, but not for the no dance group. The scores predicted to …

The Role Of The Schema As Indicated By Interference Effects In Memory, Paula Trotter Hertel

Psychology ETDs

Three retroactive interference experiments investigated issues regarding the nature of memory representations for passage information. One approach to passage memory has been to assume that passage theme or gist is stored separately from lower-order representations of passage elements. Another view portrays passage information as stored in an integrated fashion. In this regard, the concept of a schema has been used to indicate either a separately stored structure for passage information, similar to the theme, or a structure which propositionally connects passage elements into a unified representation. Each general view of passage representations and the role of the schema leads to …

Head Start Four And Five Year Old Children’S Attitudes Toward School As They Are Related To Achievement, Eugene Smith

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine if there existed significant relationships between 4 and 5 year old children’s attitude toward school, their classroom teacher’s perception of their attitude toward school, length of time in school, sex, or a composite of these with their achievement on the Pre-School Attainment Record. A random sample of 55 Head Start children completed three instruments. The instruments used in this study were a revised Children’s Attitude Toward School Scale (CATSS-R), (Beere, 1970) The Pre-School Attainment Record (PAR), (Doll, 1966) and the Teachers Rating of Attitude of Children Toward School (TRACTS). The results of …

The Use Of The Rorschach With Young Children: Special Considerations In Administration, Scoring, And Interpretation And In The Measurement Of Cognitive Functioning, Patricia Parry Barber

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A discussion of the Rorschach's validity as a diagnostic tool seems most manageable when validity is addressed not in terms of global personality descriptions, but rather in terms of specific subquestions. This paper investigates the Rorschach's usefulness as an indicator of cognitive functioning in preadolescent children. Within a developmental framework and focusing primarily upon the cognitive theories of Jean Piaget, predictable stages of the child's intellective growth are described with an emphasis on Rorschach response patterns which seem to best chronicle that growth. Empirical data from both clinical and educational spheres are offered as supportive evidence for the Rorschach as …

Operant Techniques For Teaching Speech Behavior To Severely Language Handicapped Children: A Review, James Archbold

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This paper is a detailed review of published research related to the use of operant procedures and techniques in the development of speech behaviors in severely language handicapped children. Review of this literature suggests that there currently exists an operant technology for the development of speech behaviors in a great many severely language handicapped children. Based on the procedures reviewed, a general program for the development of speech behaviors is suggested, which includes behavioral referents by means of which a therapist may both determine the potential utility of the recommended techniques and decide upon an appropriate starting point for training.

Experimental And Standard Formats For Procedural Instruction: Evaluation Of Merging Pictorials And Words, Anne M. Polino

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Three methods of training procedural tasks were studied. Forty-five high aptitude and fourth-five low aptitude Naval trainees from the Basic Electronics and Electricity School, Orlando, Florida, were given training with either a programmed instruction text with a pictorial-print information presentation format, or a standard narrative text. The effects of instructional method and aptitude on the performance of a procedural task after 1 1/2 hours of study and after on week's time were evaluated. It was shown that subjects who studied the programmed instruction text with the pictorial-print information presentation format made significantly (p<.0001) fewer performance errors, immediately after study and after one week, than did the subjects who studied the other methods. It was also shown that high aptitude subjects performed significantly (p<.0001) better than low aptitude subjects, regardless of training method. However, it was found that the low aptitude subjects who studied the programmed instruction text with the pictorial-print information presentation format performed significantly (p < 0.1) better than the low aptitude subjects who studied the other materials. These low aptitude subjects who studied the other materials. These low aptitude subjects also performed significantly (p < .01) better than the high aptitude subjects who studied the standard narrative text.

The Effects Of Marijuana Smoking On Human Subjects: A Literature Review, Gregory Roth Burmeister

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

This paper is a critical review of current research on the effects of marijuana use in human subjects. The first three sections provide basic information on the pharmacology of marijuana, the methodological difficulties in marijuana research, and the subjective effects associated with its use. The main body of the paper deals with psychological and physiological effects separately.

How To Make A Token Economy Work: Goals And Variables Of Token Economies With The Institutionalized Mentally Retarded, Laura Ann Wade

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Token systems of reinforcement are an increasingly popular method of modifying the behavior of the institutionalized mentally retarded. The dramatic success of the token economy has resulted in its programmatic use without full consideration for the relevancy of treatment goals and the numerous variables that may contribute to the successful implementation and maintenance of the token economy. An examination of the treatment goals found in the existing literature reveals that two orientations presently exist: management/control and therapeutic/educative. Furthermore, a review of the literature reveals differing methods or variables may contribute to achieving a successful token economy with the mentally retarded. …

The Bender-Gestalt Test As A Measure Of Creative Production, Craig Logan House

Dissertations and Theses

This study attempted to define creativity in terms of objective, visible products of behavior. An existing psychological instrument, the Bender-Gestalt Test (BGT) was modified in presentation and scoring methods into a test of creative production. This test was chosen because of its similarity to some existing tests of creative production and its theoretical relationship to the associative model of creative production. It was combined with the Making Objects Test (MO) and the Remote Associations Test (RAT) into a three test battery and administered to 90 college students. The three tests were scored and the results correlated with each other to …

A Test Of Two Theories Of The Necker Cube Reversal Illusion, Phillip Powers Woodson Jr.

Master's Theses

The Necker cube reversal illusion was used to test the satiational and constructional theories of this illusion in an experimental paradigm. The paradigm involved one group of 51 university students who were tested under three experimental conditions. All three test sessions involved their watching a Necker cube for a continuous 2 minute period. Each session was separated by at least a 1-day interval. One session involved the plain cube. Another session involved a fixation mark in the center of the cube and a third session had the mark sequentially appearing in four different locations in the central region of the …

Field Dependence And Recall Of Related And Unrelated Lists Of Words, Lynda L. King

Master's Theses

This study dealt with the particular cognitive style known as field-independence and field-dependence as an influential factor upon the number of words recalled from categorized and uncategorized lists of words across three trials. After being tested for cognitive style using Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test, 6 subjects from each of three identified styles, field-independent, medium, and field-dependent, were given a related (categorized) list of words while 6 different subjects from each of the cognitive styles were given an unrelated (uncategorized) list of words. Each word list was presented three times with recall after each trial for every subject being recorded. …

A Behavioral Study Of Maternal-Infant Interaction With Focus On Infant Attachment And Infant Cognition, Bruce Mcnickle

Student Work

This study examined the interactions between 15 maternal-infant dyads using an operant learning format with special emphasis on the relationship of infant attachment to maternal behaviors, specifically the securityinsecurity dimension of infant attachment. Observations of maternal-infant interactions were made each month from infant ages 9 months to 12 months. Maternal and infant behaviors were coded and each category was scored for frequency and duration of behavior with an Esterline-Angus Event Recorder. Maternal ratios of responding and latency in responding to infant behaviors were calculated from the Esterline-Angus charts. Infants were administered several cognition tests and an attachment test, while mothers …

Utah High School Sophomore Attitudes Toward Women's Roles And Non-Traditional Vocational Career Choices, Ellen S. Walch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Role behaviors for men and women in our society are undergoing change. Research data to reveal student attitudes toward these role behaviors and choices were needed for the development of strategies to eliminate sex bias and sex stereotyping in our educational programs and ultimately in the socialization process.

The purpose of the study was to collect research data to determine Utah high school student attitudes toward women's roles and non-traditional vocational career choices. The survey instrument used to collect the data was constructed, pilot tested, factor analyzed, and revised prior to its administration to the sample. The revised instrument contained …