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Apparent Rotation: Apparent Movement In Depth Induced By The Alternate Presentation Of Disparate Stimuli, Linda Lawler

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Two Performance Appraisal Systems For Firefighters, Robert L. Holmgren

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Motivational Differences Between Depressed And Nondepressed Students In Detecting Noncontingency, Gerald D. Oster

Theses and Dissertations

The concept of learned helplessness assigns a mediating role to the recognition that events may be unrelated. However, current representation of individuals as "intuitive statisticians" unveils a lack of these information-processing abilities. This is particuIarIy apparent in the skill required to recognize noncontingent events. Similarly, in a series of experiments on the detection of contingent and noncontingent events, Allo and Abramson (1979) demonstrated that this “illusion of controI” couId discriminate between depressed and nondepressed students.

In extending their research, the concept of "contrast effects," on animal Iearning phenomenon, was introduced as a competing motivational framework to account for differences between …

Components Of State Anxiety For Varying Levels And Dimensions Of Trait Anxiety, Dennis C. Donat

Theses and Dissertations

Recent research has provided support for a multidimensional view of trait anxiety to supplant the former unidimensional approach. Unidimensional measures of general trait anxiety have been found to be inadequate as predictors of state anxiety reactions across a wide variety of situations. As such, they are poor measures of general trait anxiety. The present investigation was conducted to examine the possible utility of a single anxiety trait score, summed from the subscales of the Stimulus - Response Inventory of General Trait Anxiety (S-R GTA), a multidimensional measure of trait anxiety, in supplementing the ability of individual subscale scores to predict …

Personality Differences Between Attractive And Unattractive High School Females, Andrea Rene Re

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

High school females (N = 131) were photographed and given the Texas Social Behavioral Inventory (TSBI), Attitudes Toward Women Scale (ATWS), Rotter Internal-External (I-E) Scale, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C), and Bern Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI). The photographs were rated by four female graduate students in psychology for physical attractiveness and two groups of 36 each were identified: an attractive group and an unattractive group. These two groups were then compared for differences on the five personality tests. The results indicated that attractive females are higher in self-esteem as measured by the TSBI, (t = 2.543, p< .05) and less feminine sex-typed as measured by the BSRI, (t=2.10, p< .05). No other significant differences were found. Findings are discussed in terms of research in the area of physical attractiveness stereotyping as it relates to personality development.

Pigeon Short-Term Memory: The Effects Of Intertrial Interval Duration And Illumination In A Successive Delayed Matching-To-Sample Procedure, Vic Grossi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The aim of this research was to examine the effects of illumination and intertrial interval duration on pigeon short-term memory, using a successive matching-to-sample procedure. In phrase one the retention interval was manipulated individually for each bird. During the second phase, a correction procedure was implemented in order to reduce the number of responses made to non-match comparison stimuli. In the third phase, the birds were returned to a common baseline, in order to observe what effect elimination of the correction procedure had on the bird’s performance. In the final phase of the research, after achieving stable performance in the …

A Training Package For Teaching Effective Dating Skills To The Mentally Disabled, Richard E. Billo

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

A skills training package designed to teach effective dating skills to mentally disabled patients was investigated. Nine male, mentally disabled outpatients were randomly assigned to either a dating skills treatment group or an attention placebojwaiting list control group. The training package consisted of presentation of information, prompting, modeling, behavioral rehearsal, Live and taped feedback, and homework assignments. Skills taught were ways of enhancing physical attractiveness, appropriate partner selection, and social skills. Dependent measures used to measure training efficacy were an anxiety measure, three measures of heterosexual interaction at a party, ratings of physical attractiveness, an appropriate partner choice measure, a …

Category Development In Early Language, Leslie Rescorla

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

Developing knowledge of the vehicle, animal, and fruit categories was traced in six children from 0 to 8. Data from mothers’ language diaries and from bi-monthly sessions with the children were pooled to analyse the growth, content, and internal structure of the three categories over time. The children developed some grasp of most of the focal concepts in each category, but they made fewer differentiations than adults do. Overextension of a single concept term to encompass a cluster of related referents was common. The frequent discrepancies between comprehension and production of concept terms highlighted the importance of examining both modes. …

The Human Reflex: Behavioral Psychology In Biblical Perspective, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Explores the relationship between behavior theory and a Christian perspective. xv, 215p.

Behavior Theory And Punishment (Chapter 4 From The Human Reflex), Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Basic Behavioral Concepts (Chapter 1 From The Human Reflex), Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of A Transfer Of Stimulus Control Procedure, Probes, And Reinforcement On The Acquisition And Generalization Of An Intraverbal Repertoire, Steven John Braam

Masters Theses

A deaf, mentally-impaired youth was trained to emit intraverbal responses within the same response class to verbal stimuli which were presented in daily probe sessions (e.g., "food" evoked "apple", "bread","hot dog", etc.). Training consisted of a transfer of stimulus control procedure. If an incorrect response was made, the therapist would re-present the verbal training stimulus and immediately present a non-verbal prompt (picture) which evoked a verbal response. Since the transfer procedure was only Implemented contingent upon incorrect responding, it resulted in longer delays to trade-in for back-up reinforcers in sessions where mistakes were made. Correct responding Increased only as training …

Teaching Self-Protective Behaviors To Preschool Children Using A Videotape Training Program, Paul James Yoder

Masters Theses

This study investigated the effectiveness of a videotape training program to teach self-protective skills to preschool children. Children were taught to say, "I have to ask my teacher/parent," and to run to their teacher/parent when presented with one of two lures commonly used by child molesters. The videotape incorporated the direct instructional techniques of active pupil responding; the model, lead, and test format; and use of minimally different stimuli to teach children to discriminate between correct and incorrect responses. The results showed that although none of the subjects showed any improvement in responding after only one viewing, five of the …

The Development And Application Of Service Management By Objectives Within One Program Of One Division Of A Michigan Intermediate School District, James Harper Kaye

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

An Analysis Of The Role Of Reinforcement Magnitude In The Transfer Of Stimulus Control In A Receptive Discrimination Task, Beverly S. Adler

Masters Theses

The role of reinforcement magnitude in the transfer of stimulus control was analyzed using a delayed prompting procedure. A delay was gradually lengthened between the presentations of the relevant discriminative stimulus and an imitative prompt. During one condition, the contingencies of reinforcement were arranged such that the reinforcement available for anticipatory and prompt-controlled responses were equal. During another condition, responses which preceded delivery of the prompt were given more reinforcement than prompt-controlled responses. Two subjects were exposed to these conditions in the context of acquiring a series of receptive discrimination tasks. Results were inconclusive. Mean trials to criterion showed little …

Effects Of Withdrawing Diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) On Matching To Sample Performance In Mentally Retarded Persons, Vicky June Davis

Masters Theses

The present study was designed to examine the effects of gradual DPH withdrawal on the matching to sample performance of three mentally retarded persons. The percentage of correct responses per session served as the dependent variable and the sample and comparison stimuli were red, green, and blue illumination of translucent response windows. The results showed that doses of diphenylhydantoin considerably lower than the suggested optimim therapeutic level can impair the performance of mentally retarded individuals on a simple discrimination task. As doses were reduced for each subject, there were increases in the percentage of correct responding with the highest percentage …

Criterion Intervals For Pretreatment Drinking Measures In Treatment Evaluation, A. Mitch Cooper, Mark B. Sobell, Stephen A. Maisto, Linda C. Sobell

Faculty Articles

Drinking during a 30-day pretreatment period was found not to be representative of longer pretreatment intervals, especially in a population of seriously impaired inpatient alcoholics

Ethology And Laboratory Animal Welfare, James A. Cohen

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

No abstract provided.

Stress: What Is It And How Can It Be Quantified?, T. H. Friend

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

An animal may be considered to be in a state of stress if abnormal behavior or extreme adjustments in its behavior or physiology are necessary in order to cope with adverse aspects of its environment. Methods used to determine if an animal is stressed can be either behavioral or physiological. Behavioral methods may be highly erroneous due to their subjective nature since alterations in behavior do not necessarily prove that an animal is stressed. There is no single measure of stress that can be used in all situations at this time. Every measure must be critically evaluated to ensure that …

Disidentification And Volitional Activation: New Approaches To The Treatment Of Cigarette Smoking, Paul Donley Lidstrom

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Two previously untested humanistic treatment strategies adopted from Assagioli's psychosynthesis were evaluated for effectiveness in reducing cigarette smoking. Forty subjects were assigned to four treatment conditions arranged in a 0 X 3 (Treatment X Time) repeated measures factorial design. The four treatment groups consisted of a disidentification group, a volitional activation group, a combined treatment group, and a maximally effective placebo controls Smokers were seen in small groups for five 30 minute treatment sessions in the course of a week. All groups showed significant reductions from baseline smoking rates at 1-week and 6-week followups. At 1-week followup, the disidentification group …

The Psychological Relations Hip Between Dairy Cows And Dairy Cowmen And Its Implications For Animal Welfare, Martin F. Seabrook

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

No abstract provided.

Modeling: A Cognitive Approach In Ameliorating Impulsivity In Hyperactive Children, Ronald T. Brown

Integrated Health Sciences Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Sexual Attitudes And Behavior As A Function Of Religiosity In The Appalachian College Student, Kimberly Kay Mcclanahan

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Education at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Psychology by Kimberly Kay McClanahan in August of 1980.

Establishing Verbal Behavior: The Effects Of Using Establishing Operations And Imitative Prompts To Teach Mands To Two Non-Verbal Elderly Retarded Persons, Terry Steven Bradford

Masters Theses

The present study tested a procedure to establish vocal mands in a 47- year-old non-verbal male with Down's syndrome and manually signed mands in a 64-year-old severely retarded female who was physically incapable of speech. In a multiple baseline design across subjects and settings, subjects were taught to complete four behavioral sequences. An establishing operation was then introduced: an item required to complete each sequence was systematically removed once as a probe for manding. Following this, relevant establishing operations were paired with imitative prompts to train manding missing items. Following mastery of a ll mands during booster training, subjects were …

The Effects Of A Lottery On Completion Of Medical Records By Physicians, Richard William Beers

Masters Theses

Completion of hospital medical records by physicians is a frequent problem to hospital administrations. A performance based lottery was used to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing the number of medical records which were unfinished and considered delinquent. Thirty-three male physicians were included in this study. Physicians earned or lost lottery chances in weekly drawings for a dinner at a restaurant or gift certificate to a local store. Results show an immediate increase in rate of record completion which declines over the course of the eight week experimental condition. Age of records were inversely correlated to the rate of completion. The …

Effects Of Casual Attributions Of Performance Outcome On Nature Of Self-Statements And Self-Esteem, Samuel Horace Wood

Master's Theses

36 college students participated in a study to determine the role of causal attributions of success and failure on the modification of self-esteem. Although Brockner (1979) has suggested that the key to augmenting self-esteem is the increasing of positive self-evaluation that follows success, several studies suggest that it is not the positive self-evaluation after success but the negative self-evaluations after failure that are crucial in determining one's level of self-esteem. Thus it was hypothesized in the present study that if external attributions were made for failures while internal attributions for success were maintained, self-esteem would increase. Subjects high and low …

The Role Of Generalization In The Acquisition Of Autoshaping A Replication Procedure, Omar Mangrum

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Self-Protective Behavior: Acquisition And Generalization Of Preschool Children's Responses To Strangers, Pamela K. Kies

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Teaching Health-Related Behaviors To Young Children Through Social Skills Training, Mary Louise Stevens

Dissertations

Part I consisted of training four kindergarten subjects to make eye contact, assertive comments and assertive actions in reference to social and health-related situations. Training occurred on a one-to-one basis with an adult female and results were assessed with a multiple baseline design. Skill acquisition and maintenance were assessed by measuring ratio of eye contact to speech duration, assertive content and assertive actions on training scenes. Generalization of social skills was assessed by means of: (1) similar, but untrained scenes, (2) choice tests between products with and without sugar, (3) in vivo tests in the school and home environment, (4) …

Effects Of Thioridazine (Mellaril) On Titrating Delayed Matching To Sample Performance In Mentally Retarded Adults, Timothy Theodore Wysocki

Dissertations

Four mentally retarded adults participated twice daily in assessments of their performance of a titrating delayed matching to sample discrimination. Trials began with the center of three response panels illuminated by one of three colors. Depression of the center panel terminated the light on the center panel and, following a delay, resulted in the presentation of two comparison colors on the side panels. Pressing the side panel illuminated by the same color which had been presented on the center panel yielded a reinforcer, while incorrect responses produced a brief timeout. The delay between depression of the center response panel and …