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A Longitudinal Test Of A Proposed Vie Theoretic Control Systems Model Of Self-Regulated Human Performance, Vernon A. Peterson

Student Work

Research by Campion and Lord (1982) suggested that the goal-setting process could be explicated by a control systems model of self-regulated behavior. However, as noted by Campion and Lord (1982), the model did not specify the process performers used to select their standards. To address this deficiency and to further specify the control process, I proposed an expanded model of human performance: an integration of VIE theory (Vroom, 1964) and control systems theory (Carver & Scheier, 1981). The model posited that performers select standards of performance based on their motivational force. It also specified when cognitive or behavioral control responses …

The Effect Of Different Approaches To Goal Setting On Goal Commitment, Eileen Mary Piersa

All Master's Theses

This study assesses the goal commitment generated by different approaches to goal setting. The participants were the directors, board presidents, staff, board members and volunteers of two non-profit organizations. One group explored their history as an organization, significant events and the impact of those events before carrying out the same goal setting process as the other group. Self-efficacy was measured before the exercise began. Goal commitment was measured after participants prioritized goals and selected subgoals on which to take action. The hypothesis that cognitively reviewing past history would lead to greater commitment was rejected. A second hypothesis that the self-efficacy …

Science, Hope And Kindness In Psyoanalytic Therapy And Psychotherapy Of Schizophrenia: The Treatment Of Choice 1990, Nova University

College of Psychological Services / College of Psychology Postgraduate Student and Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Age And Experience Effects In Spatial Visualization, Timothy A. Salthouse, Renee L. Babcock, Eric Skovronek, Debora R. D. Mitchell, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Three studies were conducted to investigate effects related to age and experience on measures of spatial visualization ability. All research participants were college-educated men; those in the experienced group were practicing or recently retired architects. The major results of the studies were (a) that increased age was found to be associated with lower levels of performance on several tests of spatial visualization and (b) that this was true both for unselected adults and for adults with extensive spatial visualization experience. These findings seem to suggest that age-related effects in some aspects of cognitive functioning may be independent of experiential influences. …

Remembering With And Without Awareness In A Depressed Mood: Evidence Of Deficits In Initiative, Paula T. Hertel, T. S. Hardin

Psychology Faculty Research

We propose that depressive deficits in remembering are revealed in tasks that allow the spontaneous use of strategies; tasks that bypass or direct the use of strategies should not produce depressive deficits. College students received depressive- or neutral-mood inductions after answering questions worded to reflect homophones' less common meaning. After the inductions, subjects spelled old and new homophones and showed no effect of the depressive inductions on unaware memory for the old homophones. Subsequent tests of recognition did, however, reveal differences according to the induced moodor the presence of naturally occurring depression (in Experiment 3). The differences, evidence of nondepressed …

Educational Attitudes Of Black, White And Hispanic Mothers, Antonio Ramon Acuna

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Self In-Relation Model And Sex Differences In Reaction To Marital Termination, Alice C. Chatillon

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Expanding Psychometric Assessment Of Male Impotence Using The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Nancy Wendel Cummane

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Adult Perceptions Of Infant Attractiveness As A Function Of Infant Characteristics, Christine Gesell Anderson

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Serial Conditioning As A Function Of Stimulus, Response, And Temporal Dependencies, William L. Palya, Rick A. Bevins

Research, Publications & Creative Work

Six experiments were used to examine the effects of explicit response, stimulus, and temporal dependencies on responding in an interfood interval. The first two experiments demonstrated that 10- segment 60-s interfood clocks controlled similar distributions of key pecking in pigeons regardless of whether response-reinforcement contiguity was required, allowed, or precluded. The third and fourth experiments found that in the absence of an explicit response-reinforcement dependency, systematic explicit stimuli in an interfood interval were sufficient to establish and maintain the characteristic distribution of key pecking and that an interval without an explicit clock failed to establish or maintain key pecking. The …

When The Equality Rule Is Violated : Factors Affecting Consumption Of Physical, Spatial And Temporal Resources, Caryn E. Herlocker

Honors Theses

Three studies explored the processes by which different types of shared resources were consumed by group members. Subjects shared physical, spatial, and temporal resources. The resources were arranged in either a partitioned or nonpartitioned form. Subjects did so with an implied withdrawal of either onethird or one-twelfth and while participating in either a sharing or an accuracy instruction. Results for each resource provided partial support for a deliberate motive of greed and an inadvertent overestimation bias affecting subjects' withdrawals. The results also suggest that different types of resources may be consumed according to different criteria. Suggestions are made for methodological …

The Effect Of Initial Leader-Group Interaction And The Moderating Influence Of Leadership Style On Group Decision-Making, Brian J. Ruggeberg

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

A total of 120 female undergraduates from Old Dominion University participated in an experiment designed to determine the effect of initial leader-group interaction on group decision-making. This leader-group interaction was manipulated by means of a structured group briefing presented by the leader. Leadership style was also manipulated to determine if it has a moderating influence on initial leader-group interaction. The "Change of Work Procedure" role-playing exercise (Maier, 1952) was used as the decision-making task. A female confederate served as the group leader, and the participants were divided into 40, three member groups. Measures of decision quality, decision acceptance, and decision-making …

"Self-Esteem Enhancement: A Personal Approach" Leader's Guide, Jodi L. Hammer

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

This workshop is designed to:

1. Provide participants with an increased understanding of what self-esteem is, its impact on life, and how it can be enhanced.

2 . Assist participants in developing personal action steps to increasing their self-esteem based on a variety of enhancement techniques discussed.

Development Of A Psychometric Instrument For The Measurement Of Communication Styles, Michael G. Holler

Theses

In an investigation involving 30 subjects. a dichotomous communication-style construct was examined along three dimensions. with the intent to develop a psychometric instrument to measure the placement of individuals on a communication styles continuum . The hypothesized styles of communication were inferential and direct. The construct craws together the verbal. nonverbal. and paralinguistic components of communication into one configuration with some predictability. A single-group research design was used to i:x-oduce a condition in which reception of messages was observable and measurable along a scale. which ranged from extremely inferential to extremely direct. Three converging measurement methods were derived from the …

Is Psychology Seducing Christianity (Chapter 7 From Christians In The Crossfire), Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Pet And P300 Relationships In Early Alzheimer's Disease, James T. Marsh, Glena Andrews, Warren S. Brown, Walter Riege, Robert Strandburg, Deborah Dorsey, Adrianne Maltese, David Kuhl

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The P300 (P3) wave of the auditory brain event-related potential was investigated in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease to determine whether P300 latency discriminated these patients from controls and whether prolonged P300 latency correlated with rates of brain glucose metabolism as measured by Positron Emission Tomography. P300 latency was prolonged by more than 1.5 standard deviations from age expectancy in 14 of 18 patients, but none of 17 controls. In these subjects P300 latency was shown to be inversely correlated with relative metabolic rates of parietal and, to a lesser extent, temporal and frontal association areas, but not with subcortical …

Social Anxiety And The Recall Of Interpersonal Information, Debra A. Hope, Richard G. Heimberg, John F. Klein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Sixty subjects classified as high or low in social anxiety participated in a structured heterosocial interaction under conditions of either high or low social-evaluative threat. Following the interaction, subjects were asked to recall detailed information about the interaction partner’s appearance and the content of the conversation. Socially anxious subjects recalled less information and made more errors in recall than nonanxious subjects. Contrary to prediction, social-evaluative threat did not affect recall. Anxious subjects also reported greater self-focused attention during the interaction. High self-focused attention was associated with superior recall for nonanxious subjects but associated with more frequent omission errors for anxious …

Sex And Age Differences In The Experience Of Stress, Carmen M. Charles

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the present study is to determine if there are sex and age differences in the experience of mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse) in a working population. Previous research findings suggest that females experience more problems with anxiety and depression. Also, previous research shows that males experience more problems associated with drinking alcohol. The subjects in the present study are 244 volunteers from summer psychology classes at the University of Northern Iowa and the Mid-America Association of Educational Opportunity Program Personnel. The results indicated that males and females differed significantly on the Self-Report Anxiety Scale, …

The Self In-Relation Model And Sex Differences In Reaction To Marital Termination, Alice C. Chatillon

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Attributions And Control Cognitions Of Parents Of Autistic Children: A Model For Predicting Stress And Adjustment, Edmund M. Kearney

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of Borderline Psychopathology In An Adolescent Population, Daniel James Bruining

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Measurement And Prediction Of Individual Differences In Unbounded Persuasibility, John Petraitis

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Visual-Spatial And Set-Shifting Functions In Patients With Parkinson's Disease, Sarah A. Raskin

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (N=20) were compared to age and education-matched normal control subjects (N=20) on 18 paper-and-pencil neuropsychological measures. These tests were chosen to measure two specific functions. The first set of tests was chosen to measure spatial orientation, and these tests were divided into those that measure personal orientation, extrapersonal orientation, mental rotation, and right/left orientation. The second set of tests was chosen to measure the ability to shift mental set. Hotelling's multivariate T² tests revealed a significant difference between the PD patients and the normal control subjects on the tests chosen to measure set-shifting ability …

The Effects Of Alcohol On Semantic Memory, Norman A. Kerbel

Theses and Dissertations

Previous studies have shown that the effects of alcoholic intoxication on memory result from a functional decrease in capacity of working memory (e.g., Petros, Kerbel, Beckwith, Sacks, & Sarafolean, 1985). However, other studies looking at speeds of retrieval of information from long-term memory have brought this conclusion into doubt (Moskowitz & Roth, 1971). The present study presented subjects with decisions to be made regarding word pairs. Three conditions were used, each requiring different amounts of information to be accessed from long-term memory.

Sixty-six male college students, between the ages of 21 and 29 years, were divided into two groups. One …

Patterns Of Nutrient Acquisition In Canvasbacks During Spring Migration, Jeb A. Barzen

Theses and Dissertations

Wetlands used by nesting birds have traditionally been considered the only habitats able to influence natality rates. I examined the potential for body reserves (fat, protein, and calcium) acquired on spring staging areas to be used for reproduction. My objectives were to: 1) describe changes in body reserves during spring, 2) examine alternative uses for body reserves in spring migrants, and 3) identify where reserves are acquired.

EXxring spring of 1984 and 198? I collected 151 canvasbacks fAvthva valisineria) at 3 staging areas: Navigation Pool 19 of the Mississippi River; Navigation Pools 7, 8, and 9 of the Mississippi River; …

Influence Of Feedback Specificity And Simultaneous Goals On Task Performance, David W. Furst

Student Work

A laboratory experiment was conducted examining the influence of feedback specificity and simultaneous quantity and quality goals on the performance of an assembly task including the effect of feedback specificity on perceptual and behavioral measures of intrinsic motivation. The hypotheses were framed in terms of a traditional goal setting model and a control systems-goal conflict model. Neither model was supported for the quantity performance measure in that varying the specificity of quantity of performance feedback did not result in differential quantity of performance. The traditional goal setting model was supported based on results from the quality performance measure . These …

The Interactive Effects Of Caffeine And Estrogen On Memory For Word Lists, Mary Ellen Arnold

Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has yielded conflicting results regarding the effects of caffeine on word list recall. Erikson et al. (1985) found that caffeine impaired recall among females when words were presented at a slow rate. Arnold et al. (1988) observed a facilitory effect of caffeine on the recall, after practice, of females tested during Days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle. Research on cognitive task performance among females suggests that performance varies according to the phase of menstrual cycle. Medical research demonstrates a relationship between estrogen and caffeine metabolism. In this study, it was hypothesized that females' recall of word lists would …

Memory And Age Differences In Spatial Manipulation Ability, Timothy A. Salthouse, Deborah Mitchell, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Young and old adults were asked, in 3 experiments, to make decisions about the identity of line segment patterns after either adding or subtracting line segments from the original pattern. On some of the trials, the line segments from the initial display were presented again in the second display to minimize the necessity of remembering early information during the processing of later information. Although this manipulation presumably reduced the importance of memory in the tasks, it had little effect on the magnitude of the age differences in any of the experiments. Because the 2 groups were equivalent in accuracy of …

The Therapeutic Bond Scales: Psychometric Characteristics And Relationship To Treatment Effectiveness, Stephen M. Saunders, Kenneth I. Howard, David E. Orlinsky

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The Therapeutic Bond Scales assess the quality of the therapeutic relationship from the patient's perspective. The therapeutic bond is composed of 3 aspects: working alliance, empathic resonance, and mutual affirmation. Scales were developed to measure these aspects and the therapeutic bond as a whole. The correlations between these scales and 2 measures of outcome (session quality assessed by the patient and termination outcome evaluated by nonparticipant raters) were examined. All scales were significantly correlated with session quality. Therapeutic bond was significantly correlated with termination outcome in both a linear and a curvilinear fashion, suggesting that, at least in the initial …

Comparison Of Traditional And Computer-Assisted Administrations Of The Ppvt-R With Trainably Mentally Impaired Students, Wanda Balla

Masters Theses

A group of 20 trainably mentally impaired students, ages 6-24, was randomly assigned to two groups, one of which received the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (Dunn & Dunn, 1981), manual administration, and the other a computer-assisted version, which required a switch closing response. Two weeks later, the order of administration was reversed. The results showed a difference of - 1.73 points in the manual to computer administration, and a -3 point difference from computer to manual administration. Overall difference between both administrations was -2.36 points, favoring the manual administration. Recommendations include systematic evaluation and/or training of TMI or lower- functioning …