Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Psychology

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 26131 - 26160 of 29063

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Body-Image Disturbances In Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa: A Meta-Analysis Of Extant Research, Edwin A. Deagle Iii Apr 1994

Body-Image Disturbances In Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa: A Meta-Analysis Of Extant Research, Edwin A. Deagle Iii

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Body-image disturbances are key among the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. However, the specific nature of this disturbance is not precisely defined by DSN-III-R or DSN-IV. The numerous body-image assessment techniques have generated inconsistent and conflicting results concerning the nature of body image in the eating disorders. This study is the first quantitative review, a meta-analysis of (n = 59) studies of body image among anorexics and bulimics relative to controls. The results indicated that attitudinal measures of body dissatisfaction, including perceptual self-ideal discrepancy measures, produce much larger effect sizes for clinical populations than do perceptual assessments …

Go to article

Vigilance: Instruction Effects And Personality Correlates Of Performance Workload And Boredom, David A. Sawin Apr 1994

Vigilance: Instruction Effects And Personality Correlates Of Performance Workload And Boredom, David A. Sawin

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The present laboratory study examined variables that are believed to impact vigilance in operational settings. Instructions were manipulated by telling half of the subjects to relax, and to focus on positive task characteristics (relaxation-emphasis), while the remaining subjects were instructed to "detect as many critical signals as possible" (detection-emphasis). It was expected that instructions emphasizing detection would lead to increased subjective workload ratings, though all subjects participated in the same 30-min vigilance task. Further, it was expected that decreasing demands by emphasizing relaxing qualities of the task would not impact performance, though lower workload ratings were expected. In addition, response …

Go to article

Judging Statistical Significance: The Effects Of Standard Error Bar Formats And Visual Displays, Rebecca Wilson Miller Apr 1994

Judging Statistical Significance: The Effects Of Standard Error Bar Formats And Visual Displays, Rebecca Wilson Miller

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The present study examined various graphical displays for illustrating statistical significance. These displays were created following Dunlap and May's (1989) recommendation about representing statistical significance in figures with error bars derived from the pooled estimate of error variance. In the first experiment, 15 graduate students were asked to judge whether the relationships depicted in a series of graphs and tables were significant or nonsignificant. Four significance levels were combined factorially with three standard error bar formats, unidirectional opposite direction, unidirectional same direction, and bidirectional, and two displays, line graphs and bar graphs. A tabular display was also presented for comparison. …

Go to article

Using Differential Outcome To Teach Medication Discriminations To Head Injured Adults, Scott C. Votava Apr 1994

Using Differential Outcome To Teach Medication Discriminations To Head Injured Adults, Scott C. Votava

Masters Theses

In attempt to replicate the DOE in teaching medication discriminations, the efficiency of differential outcomes and nondifferential outcomes procedures was compared. Additionally, the effects of the differential outcome procedures and nondifferential outcomes procedures upon generalization probes to novel medications were investigated. Finally, the effects of differential and nondifferential outcome procedures on probes to real medications were investigated. The results showed the differential outcome procedure employed produced the desired discrimination more rapidly than the nondifferential outcome procedure. No conclusive statement can be made regarding data obtained in generalization probes or in probes with real medications.

Go to article

Selected Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Ego-Identity Confusion Among George Fox College Students, Timothy A. Perkins Mar 1994

Selected Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Ego-Identity Confusion Among George Fox College Students, Timothy A. Perkins

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Seven demographic variables were evaluated, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis, to answer the research question: can selected demographic variables adequately predict identity confusion, as measured by the Revised Version of the Extended Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status (Bennion & Adams, 1986), among George Fox College Freshmen? The James D. Foster and Beth A. La Force research project provided the archival data base for this study. From this available data, demographic variables were selected as predictors of identity confusion among 268 George Fox College freshmen students. Identity confusion was measured using the Extended Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status - Revised (EOMEIS-2). …

Go to article

Numerical Competence In An African Gray Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus), Irene M. Pepperberg Mar 1994

Numerical Competence In An African Gray Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus), Irene M. Pepperberg

Sentience Collection

An African gray parrot (Psittacus erithacus), Alex, trained to label vocally collections of 1-6 simultaneously presented homogeneous objects, correctly identified, without further training, quantities of targeted subsets in heterogeneous collections. For each test trial Alex was shown different collections of 4 groups of items that varied in 2 colors and 2 object categories (e.g., blue and red keys and trucks) and was asked to label the number of items uniquely defined by the conjunction of 1 color and 1 object category (e.g., "How many blue key?"). The collections were designed to provide maximal confounds (or distractions) and thus replicate the …

Go to article

An Analysis Of Air Force Acquisition Engineering Officer's Perceptions Of The Adequacy Of Their Preparation For Management, Steven E. Woodruff Mar 1994

An Analysis Of Air Force Acquisition Engineering Officer's Perceptions Of The Adequacy Of Their Preparation For Management, Steven E. Woodruff

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine how much time Air Force acquisition engineers spend in performing management functions, how those engineers spend in performing management functions, how those engineers perceive their management training, and which types of training contribute the most to managerial competency. The results from surveys of 215 acquisition engineers assigned to ASCEN, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH and their supervisors revealed that engineers do indeed spend substantial amounts of time performing management functions. Slightly more than half the engineers reported spending at least 50 of an average workday performing management functions. Over 53 of engineers responding to …

Go to article

Attributional Style Of African-American Adolescents, Stephen B. Hillman, Paula C. Wood, Shlomo S. Sawilowsky Jan 1994

Attributional Style Of African-American Adolescents, Stephen B. Hillman, Paula C. Wood, Shlomo S. Sawilowsky

Theoretical and Behavioral Foundations of Education Faculty Publications

This study ascertains how positive and negative life events are viewed by stigmatized youngsters. The causal attributions of a sample of 139 at -risk AfricanAmerican adolescents are analyzed in a doubly multivariate repeated measures design. These students were participants in either the federally funded Summer Training and Education Program or the Student Academic and Leadership Enhancement Program funded by the Detroit Compact. Previous research on these students indicated that they have higher than norm global self-concepts and their locus of control is more external than would be expected for their age. The findings of the current study suggest that the …

Go to article

Contingency-Like Effects In An Associative Account Of Invariance Seeking Action, Robin Sue William Jan 1994

Contingency-Like Effects In An Associative Account Of Invariance Seeking Action, Robin Sue William

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Parenting Styles And Sociodramatic Play, Lorrie Renea Moudy Jan 1994

Parenting Styles And Sociodramatic Play, Lorrie Renea Moudy

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Psychotherapy Encounters Curanderismo: Implications For Mexican Clients Treated In The United States By Culturally Insensitive Social Workers, Anthony Joseph Riech Jan 1994

Psychotherapy Encounters Curanderismo: Implications For Mexican Clients Treated In The United States By Culturally Insensitive Social Workers, Anthony Joseph Riech

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Young Children's Stigmatization Of The Children Of Divorce, Anna Marie Avila Jan 1994

Young Children's Stigmatization Of The Children Of Divorce, Anna Marie Avila

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Developing A Measure Of Co-Dependent Behavioral Intentions, Cynthia Lynn Garrett Jan 1994

Developing A Measure Of Co-Dependent Behavioral Intentions, Cynthia Lynn Garrett

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Perceived Scholastic Competence In Children: What Roles Do Acculturative Stress And Coping Pay?, Virginia Rabor Moran Jan 1994

Perceived Scholastic Competence In Children: What Roles Do Acculturative Stress And Coping Pay?, Virginia Rabor Moran

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Individual Differences In The Cognitive Abilities Of Chimpanzees, Sarah T. Boysen Jan 1994

Individual Differences In The Cognitive Abilities Of Chimpanzees, Sarah T. Boysen

Psychology Collection

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Context Effects And Children's Knowledge Of Sentence Ambiquity, Ana Nayar Dhar Jan 1994

Context Effects And Children's Knowledge Of Sentence Ambiquity, Ana Nayar Dhar

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Meditation On Reducing Test-Taking Anxiety, Jeffrey Michael Griffin Jan 1994

The Effectiveness Of Mindfulness Meditation On Reducing Test-Taking Anxiety, Jeffrey Michael Griffin

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Influence Of Ethnicity, Acculturation And Personality Attributes On Eating Attitudes And Behaviors Associated With Bulimia, Janet Arlene Profit Jan 1994

Influence Of Ethnicity, Acculturation And Personality Attributes On Eating Attitudes And Behaviors Associated With Bulimia, Janet Arlene Profit

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Effects Of Dopamine D1 And D2 Antagonists On Cocaine-Induced Cpp In Preweanling Rats, Douglas L. Pruitt Jan 1994

The Effects Of Dopamine D1 And D2 Antagonists On Cocaine-Induced Cpp In Preweanling Rats, Douglas L. Pruitt

Theses Digitization Project

The effects of dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists on conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor activity were assessed. A total of three experiments were conducted. In each experiment there were two conditioning days followed by a test day. The results indicate that DA D1 and D2 receptors have distictly different roles in the mediation of behavior.

Go to article

The Effects Of Obesity And Gender On Selection Of Therapist And Expectations About The Therapeutic Process, John Anthony Carville Jan 1994

The Effects Of Obesity And Gender On Selection Of Therapist And Expectations About The Therapeutic Process, John Anthony Carville

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Teenage Drinking And Driving: Importance Of A Driver License, Caroline Luton Byassee Jan 1994

Teenage Drinking And Driving: Importance Of A Driver License, Caroline Luton Byassee

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Responding To Sexual Discrimination: The Effects Of Societal Versus Self-Blame, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson, Megan Poole Jan 1994

Responding To Sexual Discrimination: The Effects Of Societal Versus Self-Blame, Mindi D. Foster, Kimberley Matheson, Megan Poole

Psychology Faculty Publications

While self-blame has been considered to be a useful coping tool for victims, its benefits within the context of group discrimination are equivocal. The present research hypothesized that women encouraged to engage in self-blame for sex discrimination would be more likely to endorse accepting their situation or endorse the use of individual, normative actions. In contrast, women encouraged to engage in societal blame for sex discrimination would be more likely to participate in non-normative actions aimed at enhancing the status of the group as a whole. Female students in Canada were subjected to a situation of discrimination and were encouraged …

Go to article

Selected Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Behavior Change Among Adolescents In A Residential Treatment Center, Paul Stoltzfus Jan 1994

Selected Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Behavior Change Among Adolescents In A Residential Treatment Center, Paul Stoltzfus

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Research has demonstrated that theories of coping resources can be clarified by delineating risk factors and protective factors. These factors modulate the impact of traumatic events and which predict treatment outcome. This research project selected variables, conceptualized as risk and protective factors, to predict behavioral changes of adolescents at Chehalem House, a residential treatment center. The predictor variables were gender, age, diagnoses, level of intellectual functioning, the occurrence of sexual abuse, and severity of sexual abuse . The behaviors selected as criterion variables were non-compliance, negative attention seeking, and passivity/depression. Statistically significant regression equations were derived : a positive correlation …

Go to article

Reply To Brokaw, Nancy S. Thurston Jan 1994

Reply To Brokaw, Nancy S. Thurston

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Assessing Recognition Of Sexist Language: Development And Use Of The Gender-Specific Language Scale, Mark R. Mcminn, Paul E. Williams, Lisa Graham Mcminn Jan 1994

Assessing Recognition Of Sexist Language: Development And Use Of The Gender-Specific Language Scale, Mark R. Mcminn, Paul E. Williams, Lisa Graham Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Teaching effective writing in the social sciences includes teaching recognition of sexist language. The development and teaching uses of the Gender-Specific Language Scale (GSLS), an instrument designed to assess recognition of sexist language, are described. Three experiments with predominantly European-American male and female students provide support for the reliability and validity of the GSLS, and suggest that it measures a different construct than an essay questionnaire used in previous studies of sexist language. Implications for teaching are discussed.

Go to article

Other-Centeredness And Depression In A Sample Of Mormon Women, Janice G. Nielson Jan 1994

Other-Centeredness And Depression In A Sample Of Mormon Women, Janice G. Nielson

Theses and Dissertations

Other-centeredness and depression were examined to see if a relationship existed between the two. One scale measuring other-centeredness and another measuring depression were given to a sample of married Mormon women who did not work outside the home. Other-centeredness and depression were significantly negatively correlated. The women scoring in the top one-third of the range of other-centeredness scores suffered no depression on the depression scale. The factor most predictive for depression was the relationship the women had with her husband, and other-centeredness was found to overlap with this variable to some extent. The factors of health, income, and education were …

Go to article

Ret, Constructivism And Christianity: A Hermeneutic For Christian Cognitive Therapy, Mark R. Mcminn Jan 1994

Ret, Constructivism And Christianity: A Hermeneutic For Christian Cognitive Therapy, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Constructivism has brought changes in cognitive therapy, including RationalEmotive Therapy, in recent years. The benefits of constructivism in cognitive therapy include a stronger tie with personality theory, greater appreciation of contextual factors affecting individual clients, and opportunities for considering religious values in therapy. The major liability of constructivism is that it allows little room for external sources of authority. A Christian hermeneutic is presented which allows cognitive therapists to enjoy the benefits of constructivism within a worldview that asserts authoritative boundaries. Clinical implications are discussed.

Go to article

Depressive Deficits In Recognition: Dissociation Of Recollection And Familiarity, Paula T. Hertel, S. Milan Jan 1994

Depressive Deficits In Recognition: Dissociation Of Recollection And Familiarity, Paula T. Hertel, S. Milan

Psychology Faculty Research

Dysphoric and nondysphoric students (48 women and 24 men) participated in an experiment that was designed to separate automatic and controlled uses of memory in a modified recognition paradigm. First, they judged the relation of target words to paired words. Later they made recognition decisions on target items alone or in the context of the original paired item. The use of L.L. Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation procedure revealed depressive deficits in estimates of recollection but not in estimates of familiarity. The paired test improved recollection for all subjects and showed a trend in the direction of increased familiarity. These outcomes …

Go to article

The Reliability And Validity Of An Object Assembly Task, Dane'l A. Koonce Jan 1994

The Reliability And Validity Of An Object Assembly Task, Dane'l A. Koonce

Masters Theses

A computerized object assembly task (COA) was constructed and compared to the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) object assembly subtest (OA). The two tasks, the COA and the OA, were administered to seventy-one college undergraduates. The correlation between the WAIS-R OA subtest and the two COA conditions, Preview and NoPreview, combined was moderate and statistically significant. The findings support the feasibility of constructing a computerized version of the OA task.

Go to article

Developmental Factors In Visual Search: The Inhibition Deficit Hypothesis In A Feature-Integration Task, Stacy M. Forbes '94 Jan 1994

Developmental Factors In Visual Search: The Inhibition Deficit Hypothesis In A Feature-Integration Task, Stacy M. Forbes '94

Honors Projects

One of the most robust findings in cognitive functioning is that the elderly are more easily distracted by irrelevant information. This inhibition-deficit hypothesis may be useful in explaining older adults' deficits in visual search tasks. Treisman's Feature Integration Theory suggests that there are two ways to visually process information: parallel processing, an automatic process that does not require directed attention, and serial processing, which does. This study provides evidence for the role of inhibitory processes (and therefore frontal lobe involvement) in serial, but not parallel search. Six and ten year old children, undergraduate students, and elderly subjects participated in the …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last