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Pretrial Release Decision-Making: Understanding The Factors Contributing To Pretrial Release Bond Information, Chelsea Sierra Queen Dec 2024

Pretrial Release Decision-Making: Understanding The Factors Contributing To Pretrial Release Bond Information, Chelsea Sierra Queen

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

At initial appearance, judges and magistrates must strike a balance between a defendantâ??s likelihood of returning to court and the safety of the community when determining pretrial release bonds, using limited available information in short periods of time. Across two complementary studies, factorsâ??both established by literature and novelâ??are assessed to further understand judicial decision-making in pretrial settings. Study 1 was a secondary data analysis to determine whether established factors considered at release are replicated in El Paso, Texas. Study 2 used observational data to review characteristics specific to defendants and the initial hearing interaction, while similarly analyzing established factors considered …


Constructing A Discourse Model Across Modalities In Bilinguals, Diana Uribe Dec 2024

Constructing A Discourse Model Across Modalities In Bilinguals, Diana Uribe

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The present study aimed to explore whether discourse integration is affected by differences in modalities, and if the magnitude of the effect is modulated by language dominance for bilingual readers. Spanish-English bilinguals read and listened to pairs of passages describing two fake science facts, one of which was repeated across passages and the other revised in the second passage. The pair of passages were either in the dominant or less dominant language. The modality (audio or text) of each member of the passage pair was manipulated across four within-subject conditions. After the second passage of each pair, participants verbally recalled …


Tracking - Uh - Attention: Examining The Influence Of Filled Pauses During Speech Comprehension, Rachel Lynn Williams Dec 2024

Tracking - Uh - Attention: Examining The Influence Of Filled Pauses During Speech Comprehension, Rachel Lynn Williams

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of attention during comprehension and the subsequent effects of changes in attention on speech production manipulated via the filled pause uh. Participants orally described a series of pictures (pretest description phase), then listened to a short informational passage and answered comprehension questions about the passage, and then orally described another series of pictures (posttest description phase). Participants completed this twice: the first passage included a dative structure alternation, and the second passage included a passive structure alternation. For each passage, half of the participants heard a passage with filled pauses included (present) …


Model Selection Posterior Predictive Model Checking Via Limited-Information Indices For Bayesian Diagnostic Classification Modeling, Jihong Zhang, Jonathan Templin, Xinya Liang Dec 2024

Model Selection Posterior Predictive Model Checking Via Limited-Information Indices For Bayesian Diagnostic Classification Modeling, Jihong Zhang, Jonathan Templin, Xinya Liang

Counseling, Leadership, and Research Methods Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recently, Bayesian diagnostic classification modeling has been becoming popular in health psychology, education, and sociology. Typically information criteria are used for model selection when researchers want to choose the best model among alternative models. In Bayesian estimation, posterior predictive checking is a flexible Bayesian model evaluation tool, which allows researchers to detect Q-matrix misspecification. However, model selection methods using posterior predictive checking (PPC) for Bayesian DCM are not well investigated. Thus, this research aims to propose a novel model selection approach using posterior predictive checking with limited-information statistics for selecting the correct Q-matrix. A simulation study was conducted to examine …


Perceiving, Processing, And Evaluating Infant Facial Affect In Potential Parents: An Erp Study, Tiffany Bonnagio Dec 2024

Perceiving, Processing, And Evaluating Infant Facial Affect In Potential Parents: An Erp Study, Tiffany Bonnagio

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Evidence for differences between assigned female at birth (AFAB) and assigned male at birth (AMAB) perceiving, processing, and evaluating infant faces has been mixed. The current study examined whether expected parental self-efficacy (EPSE) and desire for children predicts event-related potentials (ERPs) to infant facial affect in potential parents. No scale for EPSE exists. Therefore, we reworded the Perceived Maternal Parental Self-Efficacy scale from present to future tense. There was no correlation with EPSE scores, ERPs, or behavioral data. No difference was found between AFAB and AMAB in accurately evaluating infant faces; however, AFABs responded more quickly. ERP data revealed significantly …


Perceived Stigma's Influence On The Association Between Suicide Risk Severity And Help-Seeking For Suicidal Crises, Donna Zastrow Dec 2024

Perceived Stigma's Influence On The Association Between Suicide Risk Severity And Help-Seeking For Suicidal Crises, Donna Zastrow

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Unfortunately, research examining help-seeking for suicide is limited. This study examined age, race, gender, suicide risk severity, and perceived stigma as predictors of formal and informal help-seeking behaviors individuals engage in during suicidal crises, and explored perceived stigma as a moderator of the relationship between risk severity and help-seeking. Method: Data from 80 college students who had experienced a past suicidal crisis were analyzed using two moderation analyses. Results: Rates of formal (67.5%) and informal (86.2%) help-seeking were high in the study sample. Higher suicide risk severity was positively associated with formal help-seeking (b = …


Inhibitory P300 Subprocesses And Neural Compensation In Genetic Risk For Alzheimer’S Disease: The Case For Temporal–Spatial Principal Component Analysis, Elizabeth R. Paitel, Kristy A. Nielson Dec 2024

Inhibitory P300 Subprocesses And Neural Compensation In Genetic Risk For Alzheimer’S Disease: The Case For Temporal–Spatial Principal Component Analysis, Elizabeth R. Paitel, Kristy A. Nielson

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

The P300 event-related potential (ERP) is widely investigated in cognitive neuroscience, including related to aging, with smaller amplitudes and delayed latency consistently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that AD-related neurological changes begin years before symptom onset, ERPs in asymptomatic elders with AD risk may characterize early changes. ERPs are seldom studied in this population. Yet, healthy carriers of apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 have evidenced delayed P300 latencies, while P300 amplitude differences are seldom found. However, despite its frequent study, the specific cognitive processes reflected by P300 remain unclear. We propose that these challenges are due to the relatively long P300 …


Proactive And Reactive Sibling Aggression And Their Mediating Effects On The Relationship Between Exposure To Parental Violence And Adulthood Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Ayleen Flores, Ruby Charak Dec 2024

Proactive And Reactive Sibling Aggression And Their Mediating Effects On The Relationship Between Exposure To Parental Violence And Adulthood Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration, Ayleen Flores, Ruby Charak

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

It is generally understood that individuals who experience exposure to parental violence (EPV) during childhood may come to perpetrate violence, but not all will. Research has shown that individuals who experience EPV can model maladaptive modes of problem-solving that can later be seen in sibling relationships as aggression. This can lead to a heightened risk of adulthood intimate partner violence perpetration (IPV). This study aimed to examine the mediating role of proactive and reactive sibling aggression in the associations of three forms of childhood EPV—violence directed from mother-to-father, father-to-mother, bidirectional—and perpetration of sexual and physical IPV types during adulthood. Participants …


Influence Of Officers’ Race, Suspects’ Characteristics, And Arrest Contexts On Police Homicide Victim Risk Factors, Dominique Damon Block Nov 2024

Influence Of Officers’ Race, Suspects’ Characteristics, And Arrest Contexts On Police Homicide Victim Risk Factors, Dominique Damon Block

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Media attention on the fatal use of force by law enforcement personnel has worsened the divide amongst the police and minority communities, intensifying the lack of confidence between groups. Further research is called for to understand how the fatal use of force by law enforcement is influenced by officer race, suspect race, and characteristics of the alleged crime. Implicit bias theory and procedural justice theory were used as theoretical and conceptual frameworks. The three research questions examined the extent to which characteristics of the officer, characteristics of the alleged perpetrator, and circumstances of the homicide predicted (a) perpetrator mental illness, …


Religious Attitudes And Fear Toward Traditional Biomedical And Psychological Services Among People Of The Christian Faith, Brennan Cackett Nov 2024

Religious Attitudes And Fear Toward Traditional Biomedical And Psychological Services Among People Of The Christian Faith, Brennan Cackett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Adults who identify as Christian often seek help within their religious communities for mental health issues. Research suggested that religious counseling services may discourage members from reporting mental health issues to traditional biomedical and psychological providers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the extent to which people who identify as Christian in Southern California seek help outside of the Church and whether their help seeking is influenced by their religious attitudes and perceived fear of traditional psychological services. Southern California was chosen as it is where the Christian Counseling movement was started and has a large population …


The Effect Of Call Center Agent Burnout On Employee Engagement, Shyriah M. Marshall Nov 2024

The Effect Of Call Center Agent Burnout On Employee Engagement, Shyriah M. Marshall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Call center organizations have become important contact centers for various fields to conduct customer service. Within the automotive industry, call centers are used for emergency roadside assistance. The customer service representatives who are responsible for handling roadside assistance may be managing various issues, including burnout, which may carry over into their performance and ability to properly service customers. The relationships between burnout and employee engagement for inbound emergency roadside assistance agents were not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between customer service representatives’ level of burnout and employee engagement. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design …


Are You Who Ai Says You Are? Exploring The Role Of Natural Language Processing Algorithms For “Predicting” Personality Traits From Text, Mukhunth Raghavan Nov 2024

Are You Who Ai Says You Are? Exploring The Role Of Natural Language Processing Algorithms For “Predicting” Personality Traits From Text, Mukhunth Raghavan

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Advances in text analytic approaches to measuring personality traits from text and speech have shown great promise for automating the assessment of personality. While a lot of effort has gone into developing robust algorithms for predicting personality ratings, more work is needed in understanding the function and theoretical relationships of these algorithmic ratings. This study proposes a novel application of the Trait-Reputation-Identity model (McAbee and Connelly, 2016), wherein, algorithm-generated ratings form the Reputation factor and are assumed to resemble learned observer ratings, the original self-report ratings form the Identity factor, and the total set of ratings form the consensus Trait …


The Utilization Of String Pulling To Determine Female Rats' Dual Cognitive Motor Task Performance Following Space Flight Stressor Exposure, Doc-Haden Rodgers, Nicole M. Atttallah, Teresa L. Garcia, Nuhamine A. Moges, N. A. Moges, K. D. Omengan, J. F. Cortez, K. S. Dhede, A. A. Blackwell Nov 2024

The Utilization Of String Pulling To Determine Female Rats' Dual Cognitive Motor Task Performance Following Space Flight Stressor Exposure, Doc-Haden Rodgers, Nicole M. Atttallah, Teresa L. Garcia, Nuhamine A. Moges, N. A. Moges, K. D. Omengan, J. F. Cortez, K. S. Dhede, A. A. Blackwell

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

During deep space exploration, astronauts depend on mission-essential performance in Dual Cognitive Motor Tasks (DCMT), such as receiving information from ground control to assemble and configure wires during a spacewalk. DCMT relies upon processing cognitive and motor information simultaneously. Previous research on rodent models has shown various impairments in cognition and motor function in separate tasks after exposure to deep space radiation and sleep fragmentation (SF). However, an assessment of DCMT performance in rodents has not been established. Rats and humans use similar hand-over-hand movements to pull a string, and task demands may be varied to assess cognition and motor …


Perceptions Of Effectiveness Of Eye Movement Desensitized And Reprocessing For Those Diagnosed With Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Megan C. Stefanelli Nov 2024

Perceptions Of Effectiveness Of Eye Movement Desensitized And Reprocessing For Those Diagnosed With Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Megan C. Stefanelli

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a short-term psychotherapy approach first introduced in 1987 by Francine Shapiro. Currently, EMDR is only a first-line treatment to relieve symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, this treatment modality could be expanded to generalized anxiety disorder if additional research was available. Further, research has demonstrated the effectiveness of EMDR from a quantitative perspective; however, there has been scarce research supporting the use of EMDR as a first-line treatment approach from a qualitative perspective. This hermeneutic qualitative study aimed to explore the psychological and physiological effects of EMDR on the brain from a …


Motivational Dysregulation With Melanocortin 4 Receptor Haploinsufficiency, Alex M. Steiner, Robert F. Roscoe, Rosemarie M. Booze, Charles F. Mactutus Nov 2024

Motivational Dysregulation With Melanocortin 4 Receptor Haploinsufficiency, Alex M. Steiner, Robert F. Roscoe, Rosemarie M. Booze, Charles F. Mactutus

Faculty Publications

Obesity, by any standard, is a global health crisis. Both genetic and dietary contributions to the development and maintenance of obesity were integral factors of our experimental design. As mutations of the melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) are the leading monogenetic cause of obesity, MC4R haploinsufficient rats were fed a range of dietary fat (0–12 %) in a longitudinal design. Physiological and motivational assessments were performed using a locomotor task, a 5-choice sucrose preference task, an operant task with fixed and progressive ratios, as well as a distraction operant task. Dendritic spine morphology of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus …


The Ensemble Code As A Constructed Working Memory, Jacob Zepp Nov 2024

The Ensemble Code As A Constructed Working Memory, Jacob Zepp

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation formalizes and refines a new theory of ensemble coding: the Non-Selective Transfer Model. Within this theory, ensemble codes and subsequent summary judgments are the result of representations constructed over a subset of information that is encoded into working memory. The work begins with a brief review of current ideas present within the ensemble coding literature, followed by a set of formalized descriptions of ensemble coding theories that have been proposed. A discussion of relevant theories present in the working memory literature is also provided to motivate the structure of the subsequent model. The Non-Selective Transfer Model 2 is …


The Mediating Effect Of Recognizing Racism And Biases Within The Workplace: Cross-Race Friendships And Allyship Behaviors, Amber Kaiser Nov 2024

The Mediating Effect Of Recognizing Racism And Biases Within The Workplace: Cross-Race Friendships And Allyship Behaviors, Amber Kaiser

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

In this study, engagement in allyship behaviors were tested in a sample of part- and full-time workers that worked either in a fully in-person or hybrid work environment. Participants (N = 271) responded to an online survey. Drawing on friendship and intergroup contact theories, the effect of cross-race friendships on allyship behaviors was tested. Recognition of racism and biases was proposed as the distinct candidate mediator in this relationship. All constructs consisted of individual measures, each tested through a series of linear regressions and multiple mediation models. Specifically, cross-race friendships included close cross-race friendship and cross-race friendship behaviors; recognition …


Partisan Prejudice: The Role Of Beliefs About The Unchanging Nature Of Ideology And Partisans, Crystal L. Hoyt, Jeni L. Burnette, Meghan Moore Nov 2024

Partisan Prejudice: The Role Of Beliefs About The Unchanging Nature Of Ideology And Partisans, Crystal L. Hoyt, Jeni L. Burnette, Meghan Moore

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Although there is a tendency to think all forms of essentialism—the belief that characteristics are inherent and unchangeable—are similar, some theories suggest different foundations and outcomes. We investigated if belief systems about the stability of political ideology (trait essentialism) and the fundamental nature of partisans (social essentialism) predict prejudice in opposite ways and if they do so via differential relations with blame. Across six studies (N = 2,231), we found that the more people believe the trait of political ideology is fixed (trait essentialism), the more they think that Republicans and Democrats are inherently different (social essentialism). Crucially, despite …


Resting-State Functional Connectivity Of Motivational Circuity After Tbi: A Comparison Between Medical Cannabis Users And Non-Users, Cidney Rae Robertson-Benta Nov 2024

Resting-State Functional Connectivity Of Motivational Circuity After Tbi: A Comparison Between Medical Cannabis Users And Non-Users, Cidney Rae Robertson-Benta

Psychology ETDs

For many, symptom resolution occurs relatively quickly after traumatic brain injury (TBI), however some people experience symptoms that can last for months and even years. Apathy is a symptom that can cause disruption after TBI. While cannabis has been suggested to treat several symptoms and conditions related to TBI, given the historical association with apathy, investigation of the relationship is imperative. There is little research in the medical population, with even less in specific clinical samples - this study aims to bridge this gap. 52 participants with symptoms lasting at least 6 months were compared based on the use of …


The Effect Of Exercise Type On Working Memory, Ariana Gonzalez, William R. Kochen Nov 2024

The Effect Of Exercise Type On Working Memory, Ariana Gonzalez, William R. Kochen

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Martial arts encompass a wide range of sports and techniques that have been practiced for self-defense and combat for thousands of years. It has expanded to include various styles such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Taekwondo, judo, and karate. It has also been practiced as a form of exercise and entertainment. Martial arts have been associated to discipline, integrity, improved stamina, and increased mental and problem-solving capabilities. Unlike other exercise methods, most martial arts require focus, skill, and technique, which have been hypothesized to improve memory. The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a significant improvement in the …


Driving Healthy Behaviors Through Social Support: The Role Of Co-Responsibility In Weight Loss And Maintenance, Melanie Knufinke-Meyfroyt, Carlo Lancia, Yentl Lodewijks, Simon Nienhuijs, Eva Deckers Nov 2024

Driving Healthy Behaviors Through Social Support: The Role Of Co-Responsibility In Weight Loss And Maintenance, Melanie Knufinke-Meyfroyt, Carlo Lancia, Yentl Lodewijks, Simon Nienhuijs, Eva Deckers

Patient Experience Journal

Objective: The effectiveness of out of hospital lifestyle interventions in healthcare is likely co-dependent on social support from involved one's. We sought to investigate the interrelationships between patient-partner Co-responsibility, Spousal Support, and Self-efficacy and the mechanisms through which they contribute to health behaviors and outcomes relevant to weight loss and maintenance. Methods: Co-responsibility, Spousal Support, self-efficacy, health outcomes and health behaviors like total weight loss, physical activity, OBESI-Q, and health satisfaction were assessed through a questionnaire among 868 individuals attempting to lose weight. Full and semi-partial correlations were used to understand the association between Co-responsibility, Spousal Support, Self-efficacy …


Relationship Between Depression, Rumination, And Emotionally Valenced Working Memory Performance, Dewey Tran Nov 2024

Relationship Between Depression, Rumination, And Emotionally Valenced Working Memory Performance, Dewey Tran

Master's Theses

Working memory is limited in capacity and easily disrupted such that mood states and competing cognitive processes can impair performance. Rumination is highly associated with depression that may contribute to impaired working memory but has not often been studied. The goal of this study was to elucidate the relationship between depression severity, ruminative state, and working memory performance. Participants completed a baseline assessment of depression severity, rumination (trait and state), and working memory then randomly assigned to a rumination or control groups, followed by a second assessment. I hypothesized working memory would be explained by an interaction between depression severity …


The Effects Of Stress On Attentional Networks, Alice Tsvinev Nov 2024

The Effects Of Stress On Attentional Networks, Alice Tsvinev

Master's Theses

The human brain has developed mechanisms to aid our survival, including attentional networks and stress response. Attentional shifts allow humans to react accordingly to their environment, following innate processes like fight or flight. Prolonged exposure to acute stress interferes with such cognitive processes as attention and working memory, impacting attentional systems. The present study examined the effects of acute stress on visual attention processes, specifically focusing on the orienting, alerting, and executive attention networks. 49 participants were randomly placed in either a stress or non-stress condition, then asked to reflect on either stressful or positive moments in their lives, respectively. …


Creatine And Depression In Rodents: A Meta-Analysis, Ruchika S. Tirupachur Nov 2024

Creatine And Depression In Rodents: A Meta-Analysis, Ruchika S. Tirupachur

Master's Theses

Traditional treatments for major depression are based on the monoamine deficiency hypothesis, and they fail to achieve remission in a substantial portion of patients. Newer evidence suggests the pathophysiology of depression is a more complex story, highlighting a need for research in alternative therapies. Mounting evidence shows a linkage between depression and the supplement creatine monohydrate (CRMH). Research in rodent models suggests that CRMH may both alleviate depressive symptoms and enhance the efficacy of standard antidepressants like SSRIs. The following study describes findings from a combined fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis based on four empirical studies investigating the effect of CRMH …


Analysis Of The Integration Of Race And Cultural Concordant Doulas Into The Birth Experience Of African American Women, Cherissa Garcia Nov 2024

Analysis Of The Integration Of Race And Cultural Concordant Doulas Into The Birth Experience Of African American Women, Cherissa Garcia

Best Integrated Writing

Garcia's study looks at how integrating race and cultural-concordant doulas into the birth experience of African American women would impact outcomes. She found similar studies that provided strong evidence to support doula integration. However, most did not select study populations that appropriately reflected the African American women at increased risk of poor outcomes. As a result, Garcia designed a study that looked at race and cultural concordance between doulas and patients from a wide range of SES backgrounds and varying degrees of pregnancy risk.


Junebug In January: A Novel Excerpt, Hannah Carson Nov 2024

Junebug In January: A Novel Excerpt, Hannah Carson

Best Integrated Writing

This section of Junebug in January is the beginning of a much longer story that follows eighteen-year-old June and her small family as she attempts to survive the harsh reality of living in the era of the Great Depression and her attempts to survive her Papa’s tasks for her. This story challenges the boundaries of family loyalty, investigates the concept of “saving yourself,” and explores the limits of redemption.


Best Integrated Writing Fall 2024 - Complete Edition, Wright State University School Of Humanities And Cultural Studies, Kristie Mckiernan, Tracy Smith Nov 2024

Best Integrated Writing Fall 2024 - Complete Edition, Wright State University School Of Humanities And Cultural Studies, Kristie Mckiernan, Tracy Smith

Best Integrated Writing

Best Integrated Writing includes excellent student writing from Integrated Writing courses taught at Wright State University.


Major Choices: Students’ Personal Intelligence, Considerations When Choosing A Major, And Academic Success, Kateryna Sylaska, John D. Mayer Nov 2024

Major Choices: Students’ Personal Intelligence, Considerations When Choosing A Major, And Academic Success, Kateryna Sylaska, John D. Mayer

UNH Personality Lab

A student’s choice of major is influenced by their parents and peers, as well as by the quality of the college department that offers the major and by broader cultural and economic issues. The student’s own personality, including their ability to reason about themselves and their interests, also contributes to the choice and its outcomes. In a preliminary study, we developed a Choice of Major Scale that depicts key aspects of students’ consideration of their major. Then, across three studies (Ns = 304, 466, and 492), we examined the students’ personal intelligence, defined as their capacity to reason about their …


An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Emotional Preparedness Of U.S. Transitioning Servicemembers: Differences In Military Officers And Enlisted Personnel, Jasmine L. Hayes Nov 2024

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Emotional Preparedness Of U.S. Transitioning Servicemembers: Differences In Military Officers And Enlisted Personnel, Jasmine L. Hayes

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This interpretive phenomenology analysis study examines the specific emotions of 10 U.S. transitioning veterans (5 enlisted personnel and 5 military officers) during the transitioning process. 9 out of the 10 participants stated that they had anxiety about transitioning out of the military. A common theme among military officers and enlisted personnel is that they were all anxious about healthcare after transitioning from the military. In contrast, a common theme among military officers that was not a theme among enlisted personnel was the anxiousness of feeling like they were leaving the military and not completing what they started. A common theme …


Organizational Citizenship & Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors: Personal Trauma & Workplace Conduct, Patricia Giaccone Nov 2024

Organizational Citizenship & Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors: Personal Trauma & Workplace Conduct, Patricia Giaccone

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The influence of a survivor-advocates personal trauma history on their work and ability to cope with its challenges are inadequately understood. This research project aimed to distinguish if there was a significant difference in engagement between survivor-advocates and nonsurvivor-advocates in organizational citizenship behaviors or counterproductive workplace behaviors. Furthermore, this study looked at organizational employment tenure as a factor affecting such engagement. The data for this quantitative research project was collected from a nationwide pool of respondents who worked directly with victims of domestic violence in the United States resulting in a total of 54 participants completing the anonymous survey. Exploring …