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Opposing Community Assembly Patterns For Dominant And Nondominant Plant Species In Herbaceous Ecosystems Globally, Carlos Alberto Arnillas, Elizabeth T. Borer, Eric W. Seabloom, Juan Alberti, Selene Baez, Jonathan D. Bakker, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Yvonne M. Buckley, Miguel Nuno Bugalho, Ian Donohue, John Dwyer, Jennifer Firn, Riley Gridzak, Nicole Hagenah, Yann Hautier, Aveliina Helm, Anke Jentsch, Johannes M. H. Knops, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Lauri Laanisto, Rebecca L. Mcculley Nov 2021

Opposing Community Assembly Patterns For Dominant And Nondominant Plant Species In Herbaceous Ecosystems Globally, Carlos Alberto Arnillas, Elizabeth T. Borer, Eric W. Seabloom, Juan Alberti, Selene Baez, Jonathan D. Bakker, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Yvonne M. Buckley, Miguel Nuno Bugalho, Ian Donohue, John Dwyer, Jennifer Firn, Riley Gridzak, Nicole Hagenah, Yann Hautier, Aveliina Helm, Anke Jentsch, Johannes M. H. Knops, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Lauri Laanisto, Rebecca L. Mcculley

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants—the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage—and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic …

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Pre-Sowing Treatments Improve Germinability Of South Texas Native Plant Seeds, Kaitlynn Lavallee, Pushpa Soti, Hansapani Rodrigo, Rupesh R. Kariyat, Alexis Racelis Nov 2021

Pre-Sowing Treatments Improve Germinability Of South Texas Native Plant Seeds, Kaitlynn Lavallee, Pushpa Soti, Hansapani Rodrigo, Rupesh R. Kariyat, Alexis Racelis

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The incorporation of native plant species is central to restoration efforts, but this is often limited by both the availability of seeds and the relatively low viability and germination rates of commercially available seeds. Although pre-sowing treatments are commonly used to improve germination rates of seeds, the efficacy of these treatments is found to vary across species. In this study, we tested how four pre-sow treatments (physical scarification, acid scarification, cold stratification, and aerated hydropriming) affected the viability and seed germination rates of 12 commercially available plant species native to south Texas and commonly used in restoration efforts. Our results …

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Urine Calcium But Not Plasma Calcium Or Urine Hydroxyproline Is Increased By A Systemic Acidosis In The Dairy Cow, J. R. Roche, Dawn E. Dalley, F. O’Mara, E. S. Kolver Nov 2021

Urine Calcium But Not Plasma Calcium Or Urine Hydroxyproline Is Increased By A Systemic Acidosis In The Dairy Cow, J. R. Roche, Dawn E. Dalley, F. O’Mara, E. S. Kolver

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Eight non-lactating, pregnant Holstein-Friesian cows were allocated to two treatments and individually offered diets differing in dietary cation-anion difference. Decreasing the dietary cation-anion difference reduced the urine pH within hours of anionic salt supplementation. Plasma calcium concentration was unaffected by dietary cation-anion difference but urine calcium concentration was significantly increased within 10 days of including anionic salts in the diet. Faecal calcium concentration was significantly reduced, indicating increased calcium absorption. Dietary calcium concentration or dietary cationanion difference did not significantly affect urinary hydroxyproline.

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Dry Matter Intake Of Periparturient Cows On A Fresh Pasture/Pasture-Hay Diet, J. R. Roche, Dawn E. Dalley, F. O’Mara, E. S. Kolver Nov 2021

Dry Matter Intake Of Periparturient Cows On A Fresh Pasture/Pasture-Hay Diet, J. R. Roche, Dawn E. Dalley, F. O’Mara, E. S. Kolver

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Reports of the depression in dry matter intake in the periparturient period have been inconsistent and little dry matter intake data is available for an all-forage diet prior to calving. Data to examine intake depression prior to calving was obtained from two experiments. In experiment 1, sixteen non-lactating, periparturient cows ate 1.3% of pre-calving body weight of grass-hay and freshly cut grass for two weeks pre-calving (restricted). Experiment 2 comprised thiry-six cows that ate 1.6% of pre-calving body weight of grass-hay and freshly cut grass for the final two weeks of pregnancy (ad libitum). Individual dry matter intakes …

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Effectt Of Supplements On Forage Degradability Of Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Grazed By Steers, J. R. A. Pereira, Ricardo A. Reis, L. R. De A. Rodrigues, D. Freitas Nov 2021

Effectt Of Supplements On Forage Degradability Of Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Grazed By Steers, J. R. A. Pereira, Ricardo A. Reis, L. R. De A. Rodrigues, D. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The supplementation effect was evaluated using crossbred rumen-fistulated steers maintained in a Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu pasture. The animals received energy supplementation (corn-COR); low degradability protein supplementation (corn gluten-GLU); and high degradability protein supplementation (soybean-SBM) at two levels N1 (± 0.5 kg/an/day) and N2 (± 1.5 kg/an/day); or no supplementation (Control). The factorial (3x2), plus the control, was studied according to complete randomized block design with three replications. The supplementation did not affect (P> 0.05) the potential degradability (POD), the effective degradability (EFD), and the degradation rates (DR) of the forage (extrusa). The GLU supplementation provided higher (P< 0.05) EFD of the NIDN fraction than the SBM, and both did not differ (P> 0.05) of …

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Use Of Supplements For Increasing Performances Of Suckling Martinik Ewes When Fed Tropical Forages, E. O. Jimenez, G. Alexandre, H. Archimède, P. Despois, M. Jean-Bart, C. Jacquet Nov 2021

Use Of Supplements For Increasing Performances Of Suckling Martinik Ewes When Fed Tropical Forages, E. O. Jimenez, G. Alexandre, H. Archimède, P. Despois, M. Jean-Bart, C. Jacquet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments have been carried out to determine the effects of supplementation upon milk production and growing performances with hair sheep Martinik ewes weighing 48 ± 4 kg liveweight (LW). In a first trial, 6 single bearing ewes (group GS) were offered individually a daily 0.5 kg of commercial pellets. They were compared to the control group (GN; 6 ewes) with no supplement during 10 weeks of lactation. Basal diet was chopped Digitaria decumbens grass ad libitum. In a second trial, level of supplementation was adapted to the ewes’ litter size: 6 twins bearing ewes (TW) and 6 single (SI). …

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Performance Of Dairy Goats To Alfalfa Silage Based Diets Supplemented With Different Sources Of Carbohydrates, J. L. Danelón, P. Allocati, M. Wawrzkiewicz, S. Bedogne, E. Ceballos, M. D’Alessio, L. Barletta, C. Colatto, D. Victoria Nov 2021

Performance Of Dairy Goats To Alfalfa Silage Based Diets Supplemented With Different Sources Of Carbohydrates, J. L. Danelón, P. Allocati, M. Wawrzkiewicz, S. Bedogne, E. Ceballos, M. D’Alessio, L. Barletta, C. Colatto, D. Victoria

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lactating Saanen dairy goats fed alfalfa silage (AS) based diets in four 4x4 Latin Square designed experiment were studied for the effects of supplementation of three different type of carbohydrates (wheat grain, (W); sorghum grain, (SG) and dry citrus pulp, (DCP)) on milk yield, composition and chewing activities. Sixteen does (45± 10 DIM and 2.016 kg ± 0.48 4% FCM) housed indoors in individual pens in a four 4x4 experiment were fed four diets 1) AS (33.9%DM, 19.9%CP, 44.01%NDF); 2) ASW (52.4%DM, 19.8%CP, 33.7%NDF); 3) ASSG (50.9%DM, 17.9%CP, 37%NDF), 4) ASDCP (52.5%DM, 16.12%CP, 39.1%NDF) with forage-to-concentrate ratios of 100:0 or …

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Integrating Pastures Into The Traditional Slash-And-Burn Cycle In Northeastern Pará, Brazil, S. Hohnwald, B. Rischkowsky, R. Schultze-Kraft, J. M. King, A. P. Camarão Nov 2021

Integrating Pastures Into The Traditional Slash-And-Burn Cycle In Northeastern Pará, Brazil, S. Hohnwald, B. Rischkowsky, R. Schultze-Kraft, J. M. King, A. P. Camarão

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A project to test possibilities to integrate pastures into the traditional slash-and-burn cycle of small farmers in the Bragantina region in northeastern Pará, Brazil, is presented. Whereas in practice the traditional grass-only pasture is managed separately from the crop/fallow cycle, two options for integration are tested: a Brachiaria humidicola pasture enriched with two bushy and one herbaceous legume, Cratylia argentea, Chamaecrista rotundifolia and Arachis pintoi, and a B. humidicola pasture allowing a controlled regrowth of secondary vegetation ("Capoeira"). The regeneration performance of these pastures for a subsequent cropping period is compared with plots of undisturbed regrowth of Capoeira …

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Mineral Concentration Of Herbage From Three Paulownia Species Used For Goat Browse, J-M. Luginbuhl, J. P. Mueller, B. A. Bergmann Nov 2021

Mineral Concentration Of Herbage From Three Paulownia Species Used For Goat Browse, J-M. Luginbuhl, J. P. Mueller, B. A. Bergmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Goats naturally prefer a high proportion of browse in their diets. Therefore, research was initiated to investigate various silvo-pastoral production systems. In May 1997, six Paulownia treatments were planted in a randomized complete block experiment with six replications. Trees were between 6 and 12 cm in height at planting. Treatments included: P. fortunei seedlings, P. tomentosa seedlings, P. elongata seedlings, and three P. elongata clones. Each 4-m wide plot contained a single row of 12 trees with an intra-row spacing of 1 m. Leaf samples were analyzed from all six replications to determine mineral concentration in October 1997, and June …

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Relationship Between Canopy Closure And Pasture Production In Deciduous Tree Based Temperate Silvopastoral Systems, N. R. Devkota, A. J. Wall, Peter D. Kemp, J. Hodgson Nov 2021

Relationship Between Canopy Closure And Pasture Production In Deciduous Tree Based Temperate Silvopastoral Systems, N. R. Devkota, A. J. Wall, Peter D. Kemp, J. Hodgson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments were carried out in New Zealand with 11 year-old alder (Alnus chordata) on lowland pasture, and with 30+ year-old poplar (Populus spp) on hill pasture. Alder tree shade decreased (P< 0.001) tiller density and total herbage harvested, with the highest tiller density at the lowest shade level of 41% canopy closure (DifN 0.59). Net herbage accumulation (NHA) directly under a poplar canopy was 35% of the NHA of open pasture, but NHA in canopy gaps increased with gap size. These results suggested that keeping canopy closure percentage in the 40-50% range for a deciduous tree silvopastoral system, would maintain pasture production and tiller density at approximately two-thirds of that of unshaded pasture.

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Annual Dry Matter And Nutrient Yields In A Dichanthium Sward With Or Without Gliricidia Shrubs, P. Cruz Nov 2021

Annual Dry Matter And Nutrient Yields In A Dichanthium Sward With Or Without Gliricidia Shrubs, P. Cruz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this work was to compare the annual biomass production and nutrient removal of a Dichanthium aristatum pasture with those of a pasture of the same species associated with a leguminous tree, Gliricidia sepium. Measurements were made over twelve months between April 1993 and April 1994. Sampling was done with the same defoliation frequency as an intensive cut-and-carry system: every 4 and 10 weeks for the grassland and tree layers respectively. There was no significant difference between the yield of the pure grass (21.6 ± 2.0 t ha-1) and that of the grass with trees …

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Accumulation Of Mutated Maize Zeins In Transgenic Forage Legumes, Sergio Arcioni, A. Alpini, M. Bellucci Nov 2021

Accumulation Of Mutated Maize Zeins In Transgenic Forage Legumes, Sergio Arcioni, A. Alpini, M. Bellucci

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Accumulation of zeins, the endosperm storage proteins of maize, in a heterologous plant expression system was attempted. Plants of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were transformed by Agrobacterium with binary vectors harboring genes that code for γ-zein and β-zein, two proteins rich in sulphur amino acids. Adding the ER retention signal KDEL to the C-terminal domain modified zein polypeptides. Our long-term goal was to improve birdsfoot trefoil and alfalfa forage quality. Significant levels of γ- zein:KDEL and β-zein:KDEL were detected in primary transformants of birdsfoot trefoil. Moreover, alfalfa plants expressing γ-zein:KDEL in the …

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Prosopis Glandulosa Persistence Is Facilitated By Differential Protection Of Buds During Low- And High-Energy Fires, Heath D. Starns, Carissa L. Wonkka, Matthew B. Dickinson, Alexandra G. Lodge, Morgan L. Treadwell, Kathleen L. Kavanagh, Douglas R. Tolleson, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, William E. Rogers Nov 2021

Prosopis Glandulosa Persistence Is Facilitated By Differential Protection Of Buds During Low- And High-Energy Fires, Heath D. Starns, Carissa L. Wonkka, Matthew B. Dickinson, Alexandra G. Lodge, Morgan L. Treadwell, Kathleen L. Kavanagh, Douglas R. Tolleson, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, William E. Rogers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Rangelands worldwide have experienced significant shifts from grass-dominated to woody-plant dominated states over the past century. In North America, these shifts are largely driven by overgrazing and landscape-scale fire suppression. Such shifts reduce productivity for livestock, can have broad-scale impacts to biodiversity, and are often difficult to reverse. Restoring grass dominance often involves restoring fire as an ecological process. However, many resprouting woody plants persist following disturbance, including fire, by resprouting from protected buds, rendering fire ineffective for reducing resprouting woody plant density. Recent research has shown that extreme fire (high-energy fires during periods of water stress) may reduce resprouting …

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Effect Of The Mixed Rates Of Endophyte-Free And -Infected Seed On The Dry Matter Yield And Forage Quality Of Tall Fescue, J. K. Lee, S. H. Yoon, S. Seo, D. A. Kim, Y. W. Rim, G. J. Park, S. K. Lee Nov 2021

Effect Of The Mixed Rates Of Endophyte-Free And -Infected Seed On The Dry Matter Yield And Forage Quality Of Tall Fescue, J. K. Lee, S. H. Yoon, S. Seo, D. A. Kim, Y. W. Rim, G. J. Park, S. K. Lee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the mixed rates of endophyte-free and infected seed on the dry matter yield and forage quality of tall fescue in Korea. In experiment, mixed ratios of endophyte-infected and -free seed were compared under the fourth cutting. Dry matter yield and forage quality of tall fescue were not influenced by mixed rates. The weed contents of botanical composition were slightly increased with high ratios of endophyte-free seed. The results demonstrated that endophyte-free tall fescue did not seem to be greatly weak under bad conditions.

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Impact Of Management On Endophyte Free And Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue Cultivars In Ohio, C. D. Penrose, Reuben M. Sulc, J. S. Mccutcheon Nov 2021

Impact Of Management On Endophyte Free And Endophyte Infected Tall Fescue Cultivars In Ohio, C. D. Penrose, Reuben M. Sulc, J. S. Mccutcheon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ten cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.) and one cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were part of a study to determine changes in endophyte levels of fescue under two different styles of forage management: intensive and extensive. Included in the study were two endophyte infected-cultivars of tall fescue to compare interactions with endophyte free and infected cultivars. After three years, the results demonstrate that under high levels of management and non-endophyte infected crops prior to seeding, introduction of the endophyte can be reduced or delayed. Under lower levels of management and a smother crop into …

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Grazing Endophyte Infested Tall Fescue And Changes In Bovine Blood Components And Gain, H. A. Fribourg, J. C. Waller, A. E. Schultze, B. W. Rohrbach, J. W. Oliver Nov 2021

Grazing Endophyte Infested Tall Fescue And Changes In Bovine Blood Components And Gain, H. A. Fribourg, J. C. Waller, A. E. Schultze, B. W. Rohrbach, J. W. Oliver

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is utilized on more than 15 million ha of pasture in the eastern USA and over 80% of the plants in this area are infested with the endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Tall fescue toxicosis results from consumption of the infested (E+) grass host and is an important problem that causes considerable economic loss to producers. However, the agronomic attributes of tall fescue make it an attractive forage because of its ability to withstand cool temperatures, drought, poor soil conditions and intensive defoliation. There is need to understand mechanisms of animal physiology that are affected …

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Insects And Their Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Fungi) Of Lake Eustis And Emeralda Marsh Conservation Area: A Case Study On Urbanization And Diversity, Patricia J. Kaishian Nov 2021

Insects And Their Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Fungi) Of Lake Eustis And Emeralda Marsh Conservation Area: A Case Study On Urbanization And Diversity, Patricia J. Kaishian

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

A rapid biodiversity assessment of insects and associated Laboulbeniales fungi was conducted over the course of five nights in August, 2018, at two central Florida lakes: Lake Eustis and the nearby protected and restored National Natural Landmark, Emeralda Marsh Conservation Area (EMCA), which encompasses a portion of Lake Griffin. Lake Eustis was surveyed for Laboulbeniales in 1897 by mycologist Dr. Roland Thaxter but has not since been investigated. Because Lake Eustis has been urbanized, with the lake perimeter almost entirely altered by human development, the site offers a look into Laboulbeniales diversity across a 121-year timeline, before and after human …

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Phylogenetic Grouping By Pcr Analyses Of Sinorhizobium Meliloti Strains Isolated From Eutrophic Soil, W. S. Oliveira, P. P. A. Oliveira, C. M. Bellato, F. R. S. Duarte, S. M. Tsai Nov 2021

Phylogenetic Grouping By Pcr Analyses Of Sinorhizobium Meliloti Strains Isolated From Eutrophic Soil, W. S. Oliveira, P. P. A. Oliveira, C. M. Bellato, F. R. S. Duarte, S. M. Tsai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study evaluated the ability of Sinorhizobium meliloti strains (SEMIA-116, SEMIA- 134 and SEMIA-135) to persist in eutrophic soils after three complete growing cycles of alfalfa. PCR fingerprinting using primers for the nifH, Eric, Rep, RP genes and P25 RAPD-PCR performed the phylogenetic grouping of the three commercial strains and 39 field isolates. These analyzes were sufficiently sensitive to discriminate and group the strains and isolate. Our preliminary studies were based upon Eric primers and RP01 RAPD-PCR.

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Achievements And Perspectives In The Breeding Of Temperate Grasses And Legumes, Kenneth H. Quesenberry, M. D. Casler Nov 2021

Achievements And Perspectives In The Breeding Of Temperate Grasses And Legumes, Kenneth H. Quesenberry, M. D. Casler

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper will focus on a historical perspective on cool season forage production, plant breeding methods for cool season forages, major cool season forage selection criteria, some examples of significant achievements, and a future perspective. Topics similar to ours have been discussed at recent previous meeting of this Congress (Humphreys, 1997; Van Wijk et al., 1993); however, we will strive to avoid “plowing the same ground twice”. In an attempt to prevent duplication of content with other sections of this Congress, only limited attention will be given to genetic resource acquisition and conservation. Additionally, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), one …

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Achievements And Perspectives In The Breeding Of Tropical Grasses And Legumes, John W. Miles Nov 2021

Achievements And Perspectives In The Breeding Of Tropical Grasses And Legumes, John W. Miles

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pasture and forage plant breeding is complicated by the perennial nature of the plants, the diversity of environments in which improved cultivars will be used, and the complex criteria of merit involved, criteria that necessarily include some measure of impact on the efficiency of animal production. While pasture plant breeding in the temperate zone is a demonstrably productive activity, the record of success for the tropical species -- "success" measured by release and adoption of bred cultivars -- is less convincing, in spite of four decades of activity in numerous public sector breeding programs and a large published literature. The …

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Tropical Forage Genetic Resources -- Will Any Be Left For Future Generations?, B. L. Maass, B. C. Pengelly Nov 2021

Tropical Forage Genetic Resources -- Will Any Be Left For Future Generations?, B. L. Maass, B. C. Pengelly

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

After very active years of pasture and forage research at major institutes, interest in tropical forage genetic resources has drastically declined. Apparently, the early phases of collecting and evaluation were much more valued than conserving and keeping the germplasm available for future generations. Accumulated data are not easily accessible and, therefore, the knowledge of tropical forage genetic resources is progressively being lost. This worldwide decrease in activity and loss of knowledge is due to declining resources. It is suggested that a global database on tropical forage genetic resources should be established and also that finances be made available to at …

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Competition Of 35 Cultivars Of Alfalfa At Sertãozinho-Sp, Ana C. Ruggieri, A. Schmidek, A. R. P. Almeida, L. A. Figueiredo, Alda L. G. Monteiro, M. F. L. Muñoz Nov 2021

Competition Of 35 Cultivars Of Alfalfa At Sertãozinho-Sp, Ana C. Ruggieri, A. Schmidek, A. R. P. Almeida, L. A. Figueiredo, Alda L. G. Monteiro, M. F. L. Muñoz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Thirty-five cultivars of alfalfa were evaluated at EE de Zootecnia in Sertãozinho,SP, Brazil. During four years, the plants were harvested to determine dry matter yield on total and individual cuts. A completely randomized block design with three replications was used, and data were analyzed by groups of origin and dormancy degree. There were significant differences (P< 0.05) among the cultivars regarding their dormancy degree, however no differences (P> 0.05) were observed regarding their origin. Cultivars with 8 and 9 dormancy degree showed better performance during the four year trial when compared to 7 degree, although some of the 9 degree cultivars resulted in low yield. The origin of cultivars did not influence …

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Adaptability And Stability Of Alfalfa Cultivars, Ana C. Ruggieri, Alda L. G. Monteiro, R. Gualberto Nov 2021

Adaptability And Stability Of Alfalfa Cultivars, Ana C. Ruggieri, Alda L. G. Monteiro, R. Gualberto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Yield adaptability and stability of thirty five alfalfa genotypes (Medicago sativa L.) were evaluated at Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil, considering different environments (seasons of year) from 1996 to 1999. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Scott-Knott’s test was performed to compare genotypes averages. Adaptability and stability were determined by Eberhart and Russell's procedures. Two diverse groups of genotypes with mean dry matter yield were identified: Araucana, F686, MH4 e BR2 were more responsive under favorable environments, but SW 8210, Alto, Monarca SP, Victoria SP, Florida 77, P5888, MH15, BR1, BR3, SW 9210A presented broad adaptability and …

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Plant Based Biological Treatments For Both Bacterial And Fungal Pathogens In Heirloom Tomatoes, Kassandra Riley Nov 2021

Plant Based Biological Treatments For Both Bacterial And Fungal Pathogens In Heirloom Tomatoes, Kassandra Riley

Student Theses and Dissertations

Tomatoes face disease in many forms; bacterial, fungal, and viral. There are only a few options for small growers to prevent or treat these diseases. The use of naturally occurring plant essential oils has the potential to be both accessible and a marketing benefit. Twelve plant oils (orange, peppermint, eucalyptus, ginger, thyme, garlic, basil, tea tree, rosemary, oregano, cinnamon, and clove) were screened against two tomato fungal pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora infestans, as well as the bacterial pathogen, Xanthamonas campestris v. vesicatoria. Thyme, garlic, oregano, and cinnamon all showed potential for inhibiting pathogen growth. After determination of minimum inhibition …

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The Use Of Rna Interference To Investigate The Role Of Zmpr10 In Salt Stress Response And Mtl/Nld/Zmpla1 In The Improvement Of Haploid Induction In Maize, Max Carl Miller Nov 2021

The Use Of Rna Interference To Investigate The Role Of Zmpr10 In Salt Stress Response And Mtl/Nld/Zmpla1 In The Improvement Of Haploid Induction In Maize, Max Carl Miller

LSU Master's Theses

RNA interference (RNAi) is a useful tool in gene characterization and its use is expanding into more practical fields. Two RNAi techniques were used in this case. The studies conducted in the chapter two use transgenic maize lines containing an RNAi construct targeting ZmPR10 to characterize its potential role in growth and development in response to salinity stress. T1 transgenic plants from events A44S1-35-3 and A44S1-3-4, which had significantly reduced ZmPR10 expression compared to the non-transgenic controls, showed no differences compared to the controls in heights after 30 and 60 days, nor did the T2 transgenic from these …

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Effect Of Concentrate Supplementation On Milk Yield Of Crossbred Holstein X Zebu Cows Grazing Elephantgrass, Fermino Deresz, Antonio Carlos Cóser, Rui Da Silva Verneque Nov 2021

Effect Of Concentrate Supplementation On Milk Yield Of Crossbred Holstein X Zebu Cows Grazing Elephantgrass, Fermino Deresz, Antonio Carlos Cóser, Rui Da Silva Verneque

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The study was carried out using 12 ha of Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) pasture, fertilized with 660 kg/ha/year of 20.05.20 formula, during the rainy season of 1999. It was used eight cows per treatment/site in a completely randomized block design. Blocks were based on milk yield and date of calving. Pasture was managed with 30 days of resting period using a stocking rate of five cows/ha. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of feeding concentrate for the first 60 (T60) or 120 days (T120) post-partum on milk yield, in relation to the control-group (T0), fed …

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Supplementation Of Dairy Cows Under Alfalfa Grazing Conditions With Ground Corn, A. R. Castillo, L. A. Romero, O. R. Quaino, E. A. Comeron, M. C. Gaggiotti Nov 2021

Supplementation Of Dairy Cows Under Alfalfa Grazing Conditions With Ground Corn, A. R. Castillo, L. A. Romero, O. R. Quaino, E. A. Comeron, M. C. Gaggiotti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two trials were carried out during the Autumn of 1991 and 1992 to investigate the effects of corn supplementation on lactational performance of dairy cows under alfalfa grazing. Forty two multiparous Holstein cows with 30-60 days in milk were used in a randomized continuous design with covariance analysis. The treatments were 0.0, 3.5 and 7.0 kg.day-1 of corn grain supplementation (T1, T2 and T3 respectively) in 1991 and 0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 kg.day-1 (T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively) in 1992. Six cows per treatment were used divided in 3 cows per grazing paddock. Dry matter (DM) …

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Animal Production From Tree-Pasture Association Systems In Brazil, João C. Saibro Nov 2021

Animal Production From Tree-Pasture Association Systems In Brazil, João C. Saibro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Agroforestry systems (AFS) in general and silvipastoral systems (SPS) in particular, have been studied intensively in Brazil since the 1980’s. The majority of the research work has been conducted in the wet tropical Amazon region, in the semi-arid conditions of the Northeast, and under subtropical soil and climatic conditions in the Southeast or in the South. Research emphasis has been placed on interactions between the main components of AFS: tree, pasture, soil and microclimatic elements. Evaluation of animal performance in SPS generally has not been the main objective of experiments. A recent survey of research on SPS using Eucalyptus spp …

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Physiological Responses To Water Deficit By Sorghum Bicolor Genotypes Varying In Expression Of The Limited Transpiration Trait, Marylou C. Machingura Nov 2021

Physiological Responses To Water Deficit By Sorghum Bicolor Genotypes Varying In Expression Of The Limited Transpiration Trait, Marylou C. Machingura

Georgia Journal of Science

The ability by land plants to partially close their stomata in response to high vapor pressure deficit, called the limited transpiration trait, is a rare phenomenon in crop plants. The characteristic has been demonstrated in several crop species including Sorghum bicolor. The molecular and physiological basis for the limited transpiration trait is however, not clear. This study was conducted to determine the physiological attributes associated with the limited transpiration trait in three sorghum genotypes SC1345, SC35 and Macia. Plants of these three sorghum genotypes were established in a greenhouse and subjected to water deficit stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence and relative …

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Comparing Allelochemicals Of ​English Ivy And Native Georgia Plants​, Rebecca Senft Nov 2021

Comparing Allelochemicals Of ​English Ivy And Native Georgia Plants​, Rebecca Senft

Symposium of Student Scholars

English Ivy (Hedera helix L.) is a common invasive plant causing biodiversity losses across the southeast and parts of the northwestern US. The mechanisms by which Ivy invades native ecosystems are not well understood but may include allelopathy, a process through which one species produces biochemicals that disrupt competitors. These biochemicals are often produced and exuded by roots into soil, making them difficult to isolate. This study used a soil-less hydroponic system and gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy to examine differences in the chemicals produced by roots of native Georgia plants and English Ivy. Our results suggest there are differences in the …

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