Digital Commons Network^™

Adaptability Of Scanning Electron Microscopy To Studies Of Pollen Morphology, John J. Skvarla, John R. Rowley, William F. Chissoe

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We have explored methods to achieve excellent results in study of the pollen grain wall by using only one electron microscope, the scanning electron microscope (SEM). While the secondary electron imaging mode, the most common in use, has great value in characterizing the exine surface it is possible to obtain a more comprehensive representation of pollen grain walls by expanding the capability of the secondary mode and making use of backscatter and transmission imaging detectors. In this way information is obtained about internal exine features that are likely to be more stable phylogenetically than the generally late-to-form surface structure. We …

Bibliographic Summary Of Arkansas Field Botany, James H. Peck, Carol J. Peck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Over 750 references, compiled over the past five years, are presented on floristics, taxonomy, autecology, synecology, species biology, habitat analysis, impact analysis, paleoenvironment, phytogeography, and history of field botany in Arkansas. This bibliography is reported to facilitate efforts to document and interpret the flora, the vegetation, and the natural heritage of Arkansas and to encourage others to participate in that collective effort.

Control Of Herbaceous Competitors In Progeny Tests Using Container-Grown Seedlings, Jimmie L. Yeiser, J. W. Boyd, D. J. Reed

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Container-grown and May-planted seedlings of loblolly and shortleaf pines were treated with herbicides for control of herbaceous competitors. Weed control and seedling growth were evaluated. Competitor control was good for all treatments. Survival and growth of pines differed by species and herbicide treatment. The best treatment for both species included covering seedlings and spraying competitors with glyphosate. Both species showed decreased survival and growth when treated with medium and high rates of hexazinone + sulfometuron methyl.

A Non-Capsid Protein Associated With Unencapsidated Virus Rna In Barley Infected With Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus, Myron K. Brakke, E. M. Ball, W. G. Langenberg

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Barley tissue with an acute systemic infection of barley stripe mosaic virus contained a large amount of unencapsidated virus RNA which was stable in extracts made in ribosome isolation buffer. The virus RNA in ribosome preparations sedimented in a broad band at 80S to 100S in sucrose gradients, which is less than the virion sedimentation rate of 180S to 200S. A protein of apparent M_r 60 000, which sedimented with the virus RNA, was present in ribosome extracts from infected plants but absent from those from uninfected plants. The protein is probably a virus protein because its apparent molecular …

Chlorophyll, Chloroplast Ribosomal Rna, And Dna Are Reduced By Rarley Stripe Mosaic Virus Systemic Infection, Myron K. Brakke, J. L. White, R. G. Samson, Jay Joshi

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Barley stripe mosaic virus became systemic 3 days alter inoculation of barley plants in the two-leaf stage. The first leaf to show mosaic was leaf 3. which was 4.5 cm long at 3 days after inoculation when it was invaded by virus. Since all of Ieaf 3 showed mosaic, the events leading to mosaic occurred during cell expansion and after cell division. which is limited to the basal centimeter of young cereal leaves. Molecular changes associated with mosaic formation included a 509, reduction in chloroplast ribosomal RNA and chlorophyll, expressed as amount per unit DNA, in young leaves with an …

Comparisons Of Mitochondrial Dna From The Sibling Species Heterodera Glycines And H. Schachtii, A. D. Radice, Thomas O. Powers, Laurie J. Sandall, R. D. Riggs

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Restriction fragment patterns of mitochondrial DNA from sibling species of cyst nematodes Heterodera glycines and H. schachtii were examined. Fourteen restriction endonucleases recognizing four, five, and six base-pair sequences yielded a total of 90 scorable fragments of which 10% were shared by both species. Mitochondrial genome sizes for H. glycines and H. schachtii were estimated to be 22.5-23.5 kb and 23.0 kb, respectively. A single wild type mitochondrial genome was identified in all populations of H. glycines examined, although other mitochondrial genomes were present in some populations. The H. schachtii genome exhibited 57 scorable fragments, compared with 33 identified in …

Estimation Of Genetic Divergence In Meloidogyne Mitochondrial Dna, Thomas O. Powers, Laurie J. Sandall

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Restriction fragments from purified mitochondrial DNA can be readily detected following rapid end-labeling with [α-³²P] nucleoside triphosphates and separation by gel electropboresis. Mitochondrial DNA from 12 populations of Meloidogyne species was digested with 12 restriction enzymes producing more than 60 restriction fragments for each species. The mitochondrial genome of M. arenaria is the most genetically distinct of the four species compared. M. arenaria shows approximately 2.1-3.1% nucleotide sequence divergence from the mitochondrial genomes of M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. hapla. Among the latter three species, interspecific estimates of sequence divergence range from 0.7 to …

Cyanogenesis In Dermatocarpon Miniatum (L.) Mann., Daniel Lee Bergman

Masters Theses

The lichen species Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann. was found to be cyanogenic. This umbilicate lichen, which is common on limestone and sandstone outcrops throughout the United States, is the first lichen to be reported as cyanogenic. This species were examined for cyanogenesis using population from within the confines of Kankakee River State Park, Kankakee and Will Counties, Illinois. Of the nine populations examined six of the population (testing 30 to 150 individuals in each population) were 100% strongly cyanogenic. In the three remaining population cyanogenesis ranged from 67% to 97%. In addition D. miniatum, two other lichen species also …

Male Sterility In Soybean-An Overview, Robert Graybosch, Reid G. Palmer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The most common type of reproductive mutations observed in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]are those that induce male sterility.The high frequency of occurrence of male-sterile mutations indicates that a number of genes influence the processes of microgametogenesis and microsporogenesis. The current knowledge of these mutations is summarized. The origins of male-sterile mutations, their inheritance patterns, and known linkage relationships are detailed. The phenotypic expression of male-sterile mutations, including their effects on both male and female reproduction, is discussed. The influence of environment on the expressivity of male sterile mutations, and the effects of male-sterile mutations on physiological processes …

New And Corrected Floristic Records For Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Robert B. Kaul, Marjorie M. Garabrandt, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Publications

New distributional data are given for 54 species of vascular plants in Nebraska. Twenty are newly recorded for the State. 23 are shown to be more widespread than was previously known, seven are shown to have more restricted ranges than previously reported. the records of one species attributed to the State are shown to be based on misidentifications. and the presence in the State of three species collected long ago is confirmed by recent collections.

Historical Notes On Collections And Taxonomy Of Penstemon Haydenii S. Wats. (Blowout Penstemon), Nebraska's Only Endemic Plant Species, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Publications

Penstemon haydenii was originally described in 1891 by Sereno Watson and was named for its first collector, the geologist and explorer Ferdinand V. Hayden, who probably collected it in the late summer of 1857 in the" Sand Hills of Loup Fork," Nebraska. The Hayden specimen which Watson saw in the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University had evidently been labeled with an incorrect location. Watson did not base his description on that early specimen but upon a more complete specimen, also in the Gray Herbarium, taken by Herbert J. Webber in Thomas County in 1891; so the Webber specimen, not the …

Pests Of Native Flowers, W M. Woods

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

For millions of years native insects have used Australia's native plants for food and shelter. Today, we wish to cultivate these plants to produce beautiful flowers and foliage for export. However, the insects that live on the plants in the wild will attack those plants grown in cultivation, and these insects themselves will be attacked by their own predators and parasites. The challenge in floricultural entomology is to use this natural biological control as part of a cheap and effective pest management system.

Distribution, Abundance, Status, And Phytogeography Of Log Ferns (Dryopteris: Woodsiaceae) In Arkansas, James H. Peck, Carol J. Peck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A study of the distribution, abundance, status, and phytogeography of the six taxa of Log Ferns {Dryopteris: Woodsiaceae) that are known to occur in Arkansas was conducted from 1981 -1986. Five of these ferns are generally quite rare in Arkansas. Except for D. marginalis, all exist in Arkansas as small, peripheral populations that are marginal, outlier populations to the west and south or west and north of their metropolis. Two sterile, triploid hybrid taxa (D. X australls and D. X leedsii each occur at only one locality, and there with but one of their parent taxa. The population of the …

Survival And Growth Two Years After Control Of Herbaceous Competitors In Newly Planted Seedlings Of Loblolly Pine, Jimmie L. Yeiser, J. W. Boyd

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Early or late over-the-top applications of herbicides were used to control herbaceous competition in machine planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) seedlings at two locations in a pasture near Alleene and hand planted seedlings on a bedded site near Fouke. Sites were selected for diverse competitors. None of the treatments controlled weeds for the entire growing season. Only glyphosate + sulfometuron methyl produced seedling survival and growth below the check plots. The best over-the-top treatments were sulfometuron methyl alone or sulfometuron methyl + hexazinone.

Notes On The Biology Of Thyanta Claceala (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) On Tephrosia Virginiana (Leguminosae), A New Host Plant, Phoebe A. Harp, Harvey E. Barton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Wood Anatomy Of Acanthaceae: A Survey, Sherwin Carlquist, Scott Zona

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Qualitative and quantitative wood features are reported for 38 species representing 22 genera, including the scandent genera Mendoncia and Thunbergia. Woods of Acanthaceae are characterized by relatively narrow vessels with simple perforation plates and alternate lateral wall pitting, septate libriform fibers, scanty vasicentric axial parenchyma, rays both multiseriate and uniseriate, erect ray cells abundant in rays (some species rayless or near-rayless), numerous small crystals or cystoliths in ray cells in a few genera (first documented reports of both characters in woods of Acanthaceae), and nonstoried structure. This constellation of features is very closely matched by woods of Gesneriaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Pedaliaceae, …

Looking At Lupins - Lupin Management In The South Eastern Wheatbelt, W. L. Smart, M. M. Ralph, J. M. Liddle, R.. D. Ramm, C. J. Robinson, E. W. Armstrong

Grain and other field crops research reports

In the past couple of years research into lupins has increased substantially particularly in the fields of weed control, seeding rates, and control of diseases such as brown leaf spot and pleiochaeta root rot. This report is a summary of the lupin trials in the Lake Grace advisory area as well as a guide to better lupin farming.

Demographic Responses To The Chemical Control Of Doublegee, Dpird

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial No. 88WH58

Doublegee demography in cereal crops.

Objective: To measure reproductive output in relation to times of emergence and herbicide application.

Trial No. 88WH10

Growth of doublegee under summer irrigation.

Objectives: A major impediment to achieving biological control of any annual weed in the wheat belt is that the bicontrol agent must have a means of aestivation. Since the only insect to have been introduced to Australia for a the control of doublegee does not aestivate, it was thought that populations could be able to oversummer in irrigated doublegee standards. The aim of this study was to assess the …

Considerations In Breeding Endophyte-Free Tall Fescue Forage Cultivars, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. A. Sleper

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Breeding tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars that are free of the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams [previously identified and referred to as Epichloe typhina (Fries) Tulasne] is necessary to improve animal performance. The techniques used in developing new cultivars are not greatly different from those used previously, with one exception. Prior to the evaluation of new tall fescue lines or populations, the endophyte needs to be eliminated from the seed or the plants. Several techniques utilizing aging, heat, or chemical treatment are being used to effectively accomplish this in the seed. Methods for permanently eliminating the endophyte …

Levels And Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications For Tall Fescue In Central Alabama, J. W. Odom, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the most important cool season perennial pasture grass in the United States, is generally well adapted to the northern two-thirds of Alabama. Unfortunately, the most commonly grown tall fescue cultivar, Kentucky 31, is of northern origin and is dormant during the winter. To reduce this problem, AU Triumph was selected from Mediterranean germplasm. The Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station released this cultivar to growers in 1981. Compared to Kentucky 31, AU Triumph produces about 80 percent more forage during the winter and produces mature seed about 2 weeks earlier in the spring. Total annual forage production …

Cupular Structure In Paleotropical Castanopsis (Fagaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The structure and some developmental aspects of the cupules of 22 species of paleotropical Castanopsis are discussed and illustrated. Some species have cupules massively invested with strong, sharp spines, but others are less spiny, and some are nearly smooth. Most cupular armament results from spines produced axillary to the valvular scales and basally adnate to them. Columns of scales straddling the sutures between the cupular valves do not become spines, but the numerous scales elsewhere on the valves become somewhat spiny with age. Dehiscence in the spiny-valved species is mostly along the sutures. The smooth cupules of some species have …

Suggestions Regarding Alcoholic Bird Collections, Peter F. Cannell, Murray R. Bakst, Cheryl S. Asa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One third of the known species of birds are unrepresented in alcoholic collections and nearly 70% of the rest are represented by 10 or fewer specimens (Wood et al. 1982, Zusi et al. 1982). Simply put, "existing anatomical specimens do not meet present and future research needs and . .. the situation must be corrected" (Jenkinson and Wood 1985:587). Actually, current alcoholic specimen resources may be even worse than indicated by Wood et al. (1982), despite commendable recent improvements. Here, we argue the urgent need for additional alcoholic specimens, stressing in particular quality of fixation, the importance of series, documentation …

Species Management Guide For Arabis Crucisetosa, Jimmy Kagan

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

No abstract provided.

Callus Formation And Differentiation In Embryos Of The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.), Jyoti Mangesh Desai

Masters Theses

Embryos of Cocos nucifera L. were allowed to develop on various agar based, plant tissue culture media. Environmental conditions, temperature, light intensity levels and photoperiod were regulated throughout the period of the experiment. The anatomy of commercially available embryos (excised from the "seed") and tissues that developed in culture (calli, roots and leaves) was determined. Prepared slides and tissues obtained in culture were photographed and printed. Callus, root and shoot formation were successful. However, "embryoids" which would have eventually led to free living plantlets were not obtained during this study. Successful regeneration of plantlets in culture would require improved techniques.

New And Corrected Floristic Records For Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Robert B. Kaul, Marjorie M. Garabrandt, David M. Sutherland

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

New distributional data are given for 54 species of vascular plants in Nebraska. Twenty are newly recorded for the State. 23 are shown to be more widespread than was previously known, seven are shown to have more restricted ranges than previously reported. the records of one species attributed to the State are shown to be based on misidentifications. and the presence in the State of three species collected long ago is confirmed by recent collections.

The Relationship Of Applied Rock Phosphate On The Growth Of Sweet Corn, Deborah A. Sutherland

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Banding is a more intense application of fertilizers than broadcasting. Literature reviews have indicated that a higher amount of phosphorus in the root zone can enhance the growth and development of seedlings (Amin and Zaidi, 2004). Field trials on Sandy and Loam soils were conducted to test the effects of rock phosphate on sweet corn. These effects were investigated by studying the height, dry weight and phosphorus uptake of plants grown in soils banded with 0-90 lb P2O5/AFS. The results were moderate increases in plant height with applied rock phosphorus. The laboratory studies entailed oven drying forty day old corn …

Front Matter, Vol. 11

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 19, No. 4. December 1987

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

BREEDING BIRDS AND VEGETATION STRUCTURE IN WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA WOODED DRAWS ▪ C. A. Faanes

PRODUCTIVITY OF RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS IN SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. F. Besser, O. E. Bray, J. W. De Grazio, J. L. Guarino, D. L. Gilbert, R. R. Martinka, and D. A. Bysart

DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE MOUNTAIN PLOVER ON THE CHARLES M. RUSSELL NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ▪ S. L. Olson-Edge and W. D. Edge

EFFECT OF CALCULATION TECHNIQUE ON THE ESTIMATION OF LEAF AREA IN A MIXED …

Potential For Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning Of Livestock By Indiangrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid poisoning of livestock by sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] and sudangrasses [Sorghum sudanese (Piper) Stapf] is caused by the digestive liberation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) from the cyanogenic compound, dhurrin [(S)-p-hydroxymandelonitrile ,β-D-glucopyranoside] found in tissue of these plants. Recent research documented that dhurrin is also present in indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] seed- lings. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of forage from established stands of indiangrass. Five cultivars representative of indiangrass germplasm of the Great Plains were sampled during the growing season for 2 years …

Direct Seeding Trees On Farmland In The Western Australian Wheatbelt, J P. Piggott, P H. Brown, M M. Williams

Resource management technical reports

Field and nursery experiments were conducted to determine suitable species, weed control methods, sowing times and seeding techniques. Sowing time was the most significant variable evident in the field experiments. Trees sown in the winter months of June and July out-performed later sowing times. Early sowing of trees in areas of low seasonal rainfall appears to offer considerable advantages for successful establishment over late sowing.