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Sfa Gardens Newsletter, Feb 1991, Sfa Gardens, Stephen F. Austin State University

SFA Gardens Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Vascular Flora Of Perry County, Arkansas; A Progress Report, Donald E. Culwell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Fungal Development And Host Cell Responses To The Rust Fungus Puccinia Substriata Var. Indica In Seedling And Mature Leaves Of Susceptible And Resistant Pearl Millet [Abstract], Josephine Taylor, C. W. Mims

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Life History And Descriptions Of Immature Stages Of Tephritis Baccharis (Coquillett) On Baccharis Salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Persoon In Southern California (Diptera: Tephritidae), Richard D. Goeden, David H. Headrick

Horticulture and Crop Science

Tephritis baccharis (Coquillett) is bivoltine and monophagous on Baccharis salicifolia(Ruiz & Pavon) Persoon in southern California. The egg, the second and third instar larvae, and puparium are described and illustrated. Eggs are inserted singly into terminal buds of main and axillary branches in late winter or early spring. First instar larvae hatch and tunnel into the pith just basad to the apical bud where they initiate gall formation. Gall and larval growth continue slowly into the fall, when pupation occurs. Most F₁ flies emerge, mate, and after about one week begin oviposition. Some F₁ flies that emerge …

Wood And Stem Anatomy Of Convolvulaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, Michael A. Hanson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative features of wood and stem anatomy are presented for 44 collections of 16 genera and 35 species ofConvolvulaceae. Markedly furrowed xylem characterizes the genera of tribe Cresseae. Successive cambia occur in 11 of the genera studied. Large patches of axial parenchyma occur in many of these; only in one species was interxylary phloem (formed internally by the cambium) observed in the parenchyma patches. Intraxylary phloem at the periphery of the pith is universal in Convolvulaceae, but newly reported is the fact that in many species, cambial activity adds secondary phloem to the intraxylary phloem strands. These cambia …

The Flora Of The Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Mikio Ono

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands are an oceanic island group more than 1000 km from the Japanese Archipelago. As in other isolated islands of the Pacific Ocean, their flora is rich in endemic taxa. These endemics are mostly either schizo- or aneuendemics and have chromosome numbers that are either identical to or slightly different from those of their adjacent relatives. Three genera, Callicarpa (Verbenaceae), Crepidiastrum (Compositae), and Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae), are discussed as examples of adaptive radiation within the Bonin Islands. These genera are dispersed by birds, which swallow the seeds and later deposit them in new areas. Like plants with similar …

Steps Toward A Natural System Of The Dicotyledons, Uwe Jensen

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Nucleic acids and proteins provide useful characters for the elucidation of evolutionary relationships. Those protein molecules, e.g., legumins, which are subject to less influence of selection processes, have proven to be most valuable as diagnostic characters in phylogenetic studies. Three systematic investigations conducted using comparative serological legumin analyses are discussed as contributions aiding botanists' understanding of a natural system of classification.

Parallelism, It's Evolutionary Origin And Systematic Significance, K. Kubitzki, P. Von Sengbusch, H. Poppendieck

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Parallelism as one of the forms of biological similarity is investigated in the light of recent findings from developmental and molecular biology. From the organismic point of view, functional constraints and evolutionary canalization are well established as causes of parallelism. To these may be added, from the molecular perspective, (a) erratic activations of repressed genes; (b) activations of alternative pathways under the influence ofhomoeotic genes; and (c) horizontal gene transfer, for which a simple mechanism is proposed. The control of gene expression through the action oftransposable elements, reversible to some degree, appears to be an evolutionarily important and frequent phenomenon, …

Germination Patterns In Dicotyledons, H. T. Clifford

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Seedlings of about 3500 species of dicotyledons were classified as exhibiting either phanerocotylar or cryptocotylar germination. The percentages of cryptocotylar species in the orders as circumscribed by Dahlgren (J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 80:91-124, 1980) were calculated and grouped into five classes whose distributions were plotted onto a bubble-diagram. The resulting pattern revealed a concentration of cryptocotyly in primitive families thereby supporting the view that within the dicotyledons, cryptocotyly is the primitive germination pattern.

An Essay: Geoedaphics And Island Biogeography For Vascular Plants, A. R. Kruckerberg

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

"Islands" of discontinuity in the distribution of plants are common in mainland (continental) regions. Such discontinuities should be amenable to testing the tenets of MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography theory. Mainland gaps are often the result of discontinuities in various geological attributes-the geoedaphic syndrome of topography, lithology and soils. To discover ifgeoedaphically caused patterns of isolation are congruent with island biogeography theory, the effects of topographic discontinuity on plant distributions are examined first. Then a similar inspection is made of discontinuities in parent materials and soils. Parallels as well as differences are detected, indicating that island biogeography theory may be …

Xchiranthofremontia, An Intergeneric Hybrid Of Chiranthodendron Pentadactylon And Fremontodendron 'Pacific Sunset', James Henrickson

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

x Chiranthofremontia lenzii, an intergeneric hybrid between Chiranthodendron pentadactylon and Fremontodendron 'Pacific Sunset' (Sterculiaceae: Fremontodendreae), was made artifically and is described as a hybrid genus. It shows distinctive intermediacy in floral (particularly androecial) characteristics between the parental taxa.

A Taxonomic Study Of Variation In Leptochloa Fascicularis (Lam.) Gray In The Central Great Plains, Todd A. Templeton

Biology Faculty Publications

The morphology of Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray (Poaceae) was studied in 25 locations in eastern and central Nebraska to determine if this grass was separable into two distinct taxa as suggested in several recent sources. Field collections were supplemented with herbarium specimens from other parts of the Central Great Plains. Glume and lemma lengths, the characters used in published keys, provided no separations useful in dividing the material into two species or varieties. However, individual local populations exhibited significant differences from each other in these characters. Such local differences appear to be reasonable given the high degree of inbreeding that …

Life History Studies, Host Records, And Morphological Description Of Genitalia Of Eurytoma Tylodermatis Ashm. (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) From South Dakota, Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe

Native Plant Focused Publications

Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashm. was found to be parasitic on Acanthoscelides perforatus (Horn) in seed pods of Canada milk- vetch {Astragalus canadensis L.). Observations on larval behavior and frequency of parasitism are discussed. Male and female genitalia of E. tylodermatis are illustrated.

A New Bruchophagus From Glycyrrhiza Lepidota Pursh In The Northern Great Plains (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea : Eurytomidae), Burruss Mcdaniel, Arvid A. Boe

Native Plant Focused Publications

A new species, Bruchophagus grisselli McDaniel and Boe, which infests seeds of Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh (American licorice), is described and illustrated. It's known from South Dakota and North Dakota in the USA. A field study at 8 sites showed that B. grisselli has a wide distribution throughout the Dakotas.

Plant Production Cost-Accounting/ Management System, Kevin C. Power, Jay Fitzgerald, George Meyer, Dennis D. Schulte

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A microcomputer program has been developed to keep records on energy, labor costs, product pricing, and revenue predictions for greenhouse and nursery production. The program manages plant production data, potentially enabling the grower to improve production and profits. The grower can use the program to determine how much it costs to produce individual plants, to ascertain labor costs and where to reallocate employees. Advertising and other indirect costs can be included to determine cost of production on a per-plant or per-square-foot basis.

The Phytogeography And Ecology Of The Coastal Atacama And Peruvian Deserts, P. W. Rundel, M. O. Dillon, B. Palma, H. A. Mooney, S. L. Gulmon, J. R. Ehleringer

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The Atacama and Peruvian Deserts form a continuous belt for more than 3500 km along the western escarpment of the Andes from northern Peru to northernmost Chile. These arid environments are due to a climatic regime dominated by the cool, north-flowing Humboldt (Peruvian) Current. Atmospheric conditions influenced by a stable, subtropical anticyclone result in a mild, uniform coastal climate nearly devoid of rain, but with the regular formation of thick stratus clouds below I 000 m during the winter months. Where coastal topography is low and flat, the clouds dissipate inward over broad areas with little biological impact. However, where …

Vegetation Of Greenbottom Swamp, Cabell County, West Virginia, Honggang Liu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This research is a study of wetland vegetation in Greenbottom Swamp, Cabell County, West Virginia. Based on the field data and computer data processing, seven plant community types were recognized: Salix nigra-Acer saccharinum, Salix nigra-Plantanus occidentalis, Acer saccharinum-Plantanus occidentalis, Acer saccharinum-Salix nigra, Typha latifolia-Saururus cernuus, Cephalanthus occidentalis and Leersia oryzoides. Several species, Acer saccharinum, Salix nigra, Plantanus occidentalis, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Saururus cernuus, Hibiscus moscheutos, Leersia oryzoidse, Lemna minor and Spirodella polyrhiza are dominate plants in different plant community layers. Each community type occupies an area with certain environmental …

Comment On The Reinstatement Of Xanthomonas Citri (Ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel Et Al. 1989 And X. Phaseoli (Ex Smith 1897) Gabriel Et Al. 1989: Indication Of The Need For Minimal Standards For The Genus Xanthomonas, J. M. Young, J. F. Bradbury, L. Gardan, R. I. Gvozdyak, D. E. Stead, Y. Takikawa, A. K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The proposals to reinstate Xanthomonas citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. 1989 and X. phaseoli (Smith 1897) Gabriel et al. 1989 are examined in terms of conventional criteria for describing new species. We suggest that the descriptions presented are insufficient in terms of modern practice for the purposes of formal classification in the genus Xanthomonas. To create guidelines for future reinstatements, the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology is requested to arrange for the preparation and promulgation of minimal standards for Xanthomonas. The pathovars proposed, X. campestris pv. aurantifolii Gabriel et al. 1989 …

How Potassium Affects Emergence Of Five Supersweet Corn (Zea Mays L. Var. Rugosa) Cultivars With Low Temperatures, Nombasa Tsengwa

Masters Theses

Supersweet types of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var rugosa) are sensitive to low temperature during emergence and thus have difficulty in establishing stands in early spring. This study investigated how banded potash affected establishment of five supersweet cultivars of sweet corn in fields and growth chambers.

In the field, sweet corn cultivars were planted near Urbana, Il on April 18 and July 22, 1991 with three levels of potash (0, 45 and 90 kg/ha) banded at planting. Several parameters of growth and development were measured approximately 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting. No significant effect of potash was …

Prepubertal Changes In Plasma Fsh And Inhibin In Holstein Bull Calves: Responses To Castration And(Or) Estradiol, R. D. Macdonald, D. R. Deaver, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The objectives of two studies were to detennine 1) whether plasma concentrations of inhibin (INH) changed with age in prepubertal bulls and whether these changes were related to changes in FSH, testosterone or testis length; and 2) whether castration and(or) estradiol implants affected plasma concentrations of INH and FSH. In Exp. 1, plasma INH remained constant from 4 until 8 wk of age then increased from 120 pM to 202 pM between 8 and 12 wk. Thereafter, INH decreased to 90 pM by 36 wk. Between 4 and 10 wk, plasma FSH increased from .32 to .43 …

Using Goats To Control Weeds, John Peirce

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Feral goats are common in the woodland and tall shrubland areas of arid Australia. They survive and reproduce despite regular shooting, capture and droughts. These goats are considered vermin in Western Australia because of their competition with sheep for forage and their reputation as destroyers of vegetation. Research elsewhere, however, has indicated that it is only the uncontrolled grazing by large numbers of goats that causes degradation, in the same way that uncontrolled grazing by sheep can cause erosion. To some people, however, feral goats are a valuable source of income. They have the potential for meat sales, and they …

New And Corrected Floristic Records For Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Robert B. Kaul, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Publications

Nineteen species (including eight Eurasian ones) are newly recorded for Nebraska: Alopecurus arundinaceus, Amaranthus californicus, Asclepias asperula, A purpurascens, Cardamine {lexuosa*, Centaurea diffusa, Dipsacus laciniatus, Eriochloa villosa, Euclidium syriacum, Gentiana alba, Geranium viscosissimum, Geum vernum, Goodyera oblongifolia, Haplopappus multicaulis, Heterotheca latifolia, Lathyrus tuberosus, Polygonum douglasii, Scirpus saximontanus, Veronica biloba. Twenty-one others are shown to be more widespread in Nebraska than previously known, one has a more restricted range than previously reported, two (Scirpus smithii, S. torreyi) are deleted from the flora based upon corrected identifications, and the status of some rarely-collected species is updated. Thirty-two additions, two …

Biota Of Magazine Mountain (I): An Outline Of The Natural History Of Magazine Mountain, Robert T. Allen

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

One plant and five invertebrate species are thought to be endemic to Magazine Mountain, Logan County, Arkansas. The mountain is the highest point in the Interior Highlands reaching 2,753 feet. Previous studies have recorded over 650 species of plants including (or in addition to) 27 fern species. The animal fauna is less well known. It is suggested that an inventory of the biota of the mountain could be completed within the foreseeable future. It is further suggested that such an inventory would be useful in answering questions relevant to understanding the evolution and biogeography of selected taxa in North America. …

Evaluation Of Aposphaeria Amaranthi As A Bioherbicide For Pigweed (Amaranthus Spp.), A. S. Mintz, G. J. Weidmann

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Studies were conducted to determine the potential of the fungus, Aposphaeria amaranth!, as a bioherbicide for pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.). Experiments to establish the environmental parameters necessary for control of tumble pigweed (A. albus) demonstrated that an 8-hr dew period was sufficient for control of seedlings with four to six leaves, and that temperatures ranging from 20 to 28 C were conducive for disease development. Conidial concentrations as lowas 1x 10s conidia per ml also were sufficient for plant mortality. Host range tests demonstrated pathogenicity of A. amaranthi to several other species of Amaranthus, including biotypes resistant to triazine herbicides. Disease …

Photosynthetic Efficiency Of Drought-Induced Leaves In Neviusia Alabamensis, Jennifer Martsolf, Robert D. Wright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Plants in one stand of Neviusia alabamensis Gray (Rosaceae), a rare shrub, became drought deciduous in July, 1990, and grew new leaves following rains in August. In September the photosynthetic efficiency of the new leaves was compared with that of old leaves in another stand of the same population. Although leaf area from regrowth was much less than old leaf area retained, photosynthetic efficiency in new leaves was about 3 times higher than in old leaves. This response is discussed in terms of compensation for drought-induced loss of leaves.

Survey And Annotated Checklist Of The Later Summer Flora Of The Moist Soil Units At Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge, Stephen A. Walker, George P. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a floristic survey of 22 moist soil units at Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge during September and October of 1990. The moist soil units range in size from 0.4 to 9.7 ha and are depressions manipulated to provide food and shelter for waterfowl. In total, 60 taxa representing 24 families and 42 genera were identified and are compiled into an annotated checklist. The flora was dominated by the following families and genera in decreasing order of importance: Asteraceae (Xanthium), Polygonaceae (Polygonum), and Amaranthaceae (Amaranthus). The Poaceae and the Cyperaceae were well represented, but were of lesser importance. Twenty-three …

Economic Effects Of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations On Beef Cattle Exposed To Three Pesticide Treatment Regimes, Jerome Hogsette, David Prichard, Joseph Ruff

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Horn flies could not be maintained below 50 per animal with sprays or dusts during a 21-wk study. However, weights of cows and calves and condition scores of cows were not influenced by suppression of Haematobia irritans (L.) populations. Results show that cattle in northwest Florida can tolerate average populations of >200 flies for 70 d with no adverse economic effects. Spray treatments providing the best fly control were Lintox-D and Ra-Vap. The most economical products for use were Del-Tox, Lintox-D, and Ra-Vap.

Vegetation And Soil Zonation Associated With Juniperus Pinchotii Sudw. Trees, Guy R. Mcpherson, G. Allen Rasmussen, David B. Wester, Robert A. Masters

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Herbaceolis vegetation pattern and soil properties around individual Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. trees were studied on a grazed and a relict grassland in western Texas. Herb standing crop and soil samples were obtained under the canopy, at canopy edge, and beyond the canopy edge of three to five trees on each of four dates. Standing crop was lowest midway between the bole and canopy edge. Soil organic matter was highest under juniper canopies on both sites. Soil pH and P were not related to distance from tree bole on either site. Herbaceous pattern from under the canopy to canopy edge apparently …

Effects Of Breed Group By Location Interaction On Crossbred Cattle In Nebraska And Florida, T. A. Olson, K. Euclides Filho, L. V. Cundiff, M. Koger, W. T. Butts Jr., K. E. Gregory

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Data on 2,744 calves produced in Clay Center, Nebraska, and Brooksville, Florida, were used to evaluate the importance of genotype × location interactions on the reproductive and maternal performance of eight breed groups of F1 crossbred cows. A total of 648 F1 crossbred cows included Bos taurus × Bos taurus (Bt × Bt) crosses: Hereford × Angus reciprocal crossbreds (HA and AH), Pinzgauer × Angus (PA), Pinzgauer × Hereford (PH); and Bos indicus× Bos taurus (Bi × Bt) crosses: Brahman × Angus (BA), Brahman × Hereford (BH), Sahiwal × Angus (SA) and Sahiwal × Hereford (SH). The first calf …

Size Differences Among Root-Knot Nematodes On Resistant And Susceptible Alyceclover Genotypes, L. E. Powers, R. A. Dunn, R. Mcsorley

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The influence of plant resistance on the size of individual root-knot nematodes was determined in greenhouse experiments. Five genotypes of alyceclover were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 or M. arenaria race 1. Plants were harvested at selected intervals and stained for detection of the nematodes, which were dissected from the roots. Length, width, and sagittal-sectional area of each animal were measured using an image-analysis system, and areas of nematodes in all stages were compared at different times and across alyceclover lines. Nematodes feeding on roots of resistant lines were consistently smaller than those on susceptible plants, …