Digital Commons Network^™

Dna Sequencing And Taxonomy Of Unusual Serrate Juniperus From Mexico: Chloroplast Capture And Incomplete Lineage Sorting In J. Coahuilensis And Allied Taxa, Robert P. Adams, M. Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo, Martha Gonzalez-Elizondo, David Ramirez Noya, Andrea E. Schwarzbach

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Analysis of nrDNA, petN-psbM, trnS-trnG, trmD-trnT, and trnF-trnL of Juniperus coahuilensis and allied taxa of Mexico found typical J. coahuilensis, as well as individuals with: coahuilensis cp and hybrid ITS; coahuilensis cp and novel ITS sequence (La Parrilla type); novel Blue Fruited cp (blue fruited taxon) and coahuilensis ITS; plus Blue Fruited cp and La Parrila ITS. nrDNA data was examined and found to detect hybridization, chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting. In addition, a new taxon was found with Blue Fruited (Blue Fruited) cp and J. martinezii ITS, suggestive of chloroplast capture. New records of J. saltillensis were confirmed …

Corn Residue Use By Livestock In The United States, Marty R. Schmer, Rachael M. Brown, Virginia L. Jin, Robert B. Mitchell, Daren D. Redfearn

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Corn (Zea mays L.) residue grazing or harvest provides a simple and economical practice to integrate crops and livestock, but limited information is available on how widespread corn residue utilization is practiced by US producers. In 2010, the USDA Economic Research Service surveyed producers from 19 states on corn grain and residue management practices. Total corn residue grazed or harvested was 4.87 million ha. Approximately 4.06 million ha was grazed by 11.7 million livestock (primarily cattle) in 2010. The majority of grazed corn residue occurred in Nebraska (1.91 million ha), Iowa (385,000 ha), South Dakota (361,000 ha), and Kansas …

Evolution Of Floral Zygomorphy In Androecium And Corolla In Solanaceae, Jingbo Zhang, Peter Stevens, Wenheng Zhang

Biology Department Faculty Works

In Solanaceae, a group dominated by actinomorphic‐flowered species, floral zygomorphy is frequently observed among the early‐branching clades. Morphological studies indicated that a zygomorphic androecium is much more common than a zygomorphic corolla in the family. Ontogenic studies suggested the evolution of floral zygomorphy in these two whorls is independent. Here, we have examined the evolution of floral symmetry in the androecium and corolla in Solanaceae. The character states of floral symmetry were assembled for androecium and corolla separately, and ancestral state reconstructions were carried out at both the genus and species levels for Solanaceae and its outgroups. Correlation tests were …

A Comparative Genomic Analysis Of Putative Pathogenicity Genes In The Host-Specific Sibling Species Colletotrichum Graminicola And Colletotrichum Sublineola, Ester A. S. Buiate, Katia Viana Xavier, Neil Moore, Maria F. Torres, Mark L. Farman, Christopher L. Schardl, Lisa J. Vaillancourt

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Background: Colletotrichum graminicola and C. sublineola cause anthracnose leaf and stalk diseases of maize and sorghum, respectively. In spite of their close evolutionary relationship, the two species are completely host-specific. Host specificity is often attributed to pathogen virulence factors, including specialized secondary metabolites (SSM), and small-secreted protein (SSP) effectors. Genes relevant to these categories were manually annotated in two co-occurring, contemporaneous strains of C. graminicola and C. sublineola. A comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis was performed to address the evolutionary relationships among these and other divergent gene families in the two strains.

Results: Inoculation of maize with C. sublineola …

Effect Of Seed Morph And Light Level On Growth And Reproduction Of The Amphicarpic Plant Amphicarpaea Edgeworthii (Fabaceae), Keliang Zhang, Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Xuejun Yang, Zhenying Huang

Biology Faculty Publications

Amphicarpic plants produce aerial and subterranean fruits on an individual plant, and these heteromorphic diaspores give rise to plants that differ in growth and ecology. Amphicarpaea edgeworthii is a summer annual amphicarpic species that grows over a range of light levels. We aimed to compare the response to shading intensity of plants of A. edgeworthii grown throughout their life cycle from aerial seeds (ASP) and from subterranean seeds (SSP). We hypothesized that vegetative and reproductive growth of plants from ASP and SSP respond differently to light. Plants were grown from ASP and SSP under 0, 46, 71 and 90% shading …

Cognition-Mediated Evolution Of Low-Quality Floral Nectars, Vladislav Nachev, Kai Petra Stich, Clemens Winter, Alan B. Bond, Alan Kamil, York Winter

Alan Bond Publications

Plants pollinated by hummingbirds or bats produce dilute nectars even though these animals prefer more concentrated sugar solutions. This mismatch is an unsolved evolutionary paradox. Here we show that lower quality, or more dilute, nectars evolve when the strength of preferring larger quantities or higher qualities of nectar diminishes as magnitudes of the physical stimuli increase. In a virtual evolution experiment conducted in the tropical rainforest, bats visited computer-automated flowers with simulated genomes that evolved relatively dilute nectars. Simulations replicated this evolution only when value functions, which relate the physical stimuli to subjective sensations, were nonlinear. Selection also depended on …

Phospholipase Dζ Enhances Diacylglycerol Flux Into Triacylglycerol, Wenyu Yang, Geliang Wang, Jia Li, Philip Bates, Xuemin Wang, Douglas Allen

Biology Department Faculty Works

Plant seeds are the primary source of triacylglycerols (TAG) for food, feed, fuel, and industrial applications. As TAG is produced from diacylglycerol (DAG), successful engineering strategies to enhance TAG levels have focused on the conversion of DAG to TAG. However, the production of TAG can be limited by flux through the enzymatic reactions that supply DAG. In this study, two Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ genes (AtPLDζ1 and AtPLDζ2) were coexpressed in Camelina sativa to test whether the conversion of phosphatidylcholine to DAG impacts TAG levels in seeds. The resulting transgenic plants produced 2% to 3% more TAG as a component of …

Three-Dimensional Imaging Of The Intracellular Assembly Of A Functional Viral Rna Replicase Complex, Isabel Fernández De Castro, José J. Fernández, Daniel Barajas, Peter D. Nagy, Cristina Risco

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Positive-strand RNA viruses, which can be devastating pathogens in humans, animals and plants, replicate their genomes on intracellular membranes. Here, we describe the three-dimensional ultrastructural organization of a tombusvirus replicase in yeast, a valuable model for exploring virus–host interactions. We visualized the intracellular distribution of a viral replicase protein using metal-tagging transmission electron microscopy, a highly sensitive nanotechnology whose full potential remains to be developed. These three-dimensional images show how viral replicase molecules are organized when they are incorporated into the active domains of the intracellular replication compartment. Our approach provides a means to study protein activation mechanisms in cells …

The Family Rhabdoviridae: Mono- And Bipartite Negative-Sense Rna Viruses With Diverse Genome Organization And Common Evolutionary Origins, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Hideki Kondo, Michael M. Goodin, Gael Kurath, Nikos Vasilakis

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

The family Rhabdoviridae consists of mostly enveloped, bullet-shaped or bacilliform viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that infect vertebrates, invertebrates or plants. This ecological diversity is reflected by the diversity and complexity of their genomes. Five canonical structural protein genes are conserved in all rhabdoviruses, but may be overprinted, overlapped or interspersed with several novel and diverse accessory genes. This review gives an overview of the characteristics and diversity of rhabdoviruses, their taxonomic classification, replication mechanism, properties of classical rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus and rhabdoviruses with complex genomes, rhabdoviruses infecting aquatic species, and plant rhabdoviruses with both mono- …

The Magnaporthe Oryzae Nitrooxidative Stress Response Suppresses Rice Innate Immunity During Blast Disease, Margarita Marroquin-Guzman, David E. Hartline, Janet D. Wright, Christian G. Elowsky, Travis J. Bourret, Richard A. Wilson

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Understanding how microorganisms manipulate plant innate immunity and colonize host cells is a major goal of plant pathology. Here, we report that the fungal nitrooxidative stress response suppresses host defenses to facilitate the growth and development of the important rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae in leaf cells. Nitronate monooxygenases encoded by NMO genes catalyze the oxidative denitrification of nitroalkanes. We show that the M. oryzae NMO2 gene is required for mitigating damaging lipid nitration under nitrooxidative stress conditions and, consequently, for using nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen sources. On plants, the Δnmo2 mutant strain penetrated host cuticles like wild type, …

The Morphogenesis-Related Ndr Kinase Pathway Of Colletotrichum Orbiculare Is Required For Translating Plant Surface Signals Into Infection-Related Morphogenesis And Pathogenesis, Sayo Kodama, Junya Ishizuka, Ito Miyashita, Takaaki Ishii, Takumi Nishiuchi, Hideto Miyoshi, Yasuyuki Kubo

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Plant infection by pathogenic fungi involves the differentiation of appressoria, specialized infection structures, initiated by fungal sensing and responding to plant surface signals. How plant fungal pathogens control infection-related morphogenesis in response to plant-derived signals has been unclear. Here we showed that the morphogenesis-related NDR kinase pathway (MOR) of the cucumber anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare is crucial for appressorium development following perception of plant-derived signals. By screening of random insertional mutants, we identified that the MOR element CoPag1 (Perish-in-theabsence-of-GYP1) is a key component of the plant-derived signaling pathway involved in appressorium morphogenesis. Constitutive activation of the NDR kinase …

Lsp Family Proteins Regulate Antibiotic Biosynthesis In Lysobacter Enzymogenes Oh11, Ruping Wang, Huiyong Xu, Yangyang Zhao, Juan Zhang, Gary Y. Yuen, Guoliang Qian, Fengquan Liu

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Ax21 family proteins have been shown to play regulatory roles in plant- and animal-pathogenic species in the bacterial family Xanthomonadaceae, but the protein have not been investigated previously in the non-pathogenic members of this bacterial family. Lysobacter enzymogenes, is a non-pathogenic species known for its capacity as a biocontrol agent of plant pathogens. It is also noted for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, heat stable antifungal factor (HSAF) and WAP-8294A2, that have potential for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. The species also displays type IV pili-dependent twitching motility and the production of multiple extracellular lytic enzymes as additional biocontrol-related traits. …

Species Delimitation And Description Of Mesocriconema Nebraskense N. Sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae), A Morphologically Cryptic, Parthenogenetic Species From North American Grasslands, Magdalena Olson, Timothy Harris, Rebecca Higgins, Peter Mullin, Kirsten Powers, Sean Olson, Thomas O. Powers

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Nematode surveys of North American grasslands conducted from 2010 to 2015 frequently recovered a species of criconematid nematode morphologically resembling Mesocriconema curvatum. These specimens were recovered from remnant native prairies in the central tallgrass ecoregion of North America, and not from surrounding agroecosystems. Historical records indicate that M. curvatum is a cosmopolitan species feeding on a wide range of agronomic and native plants. DNA barcoding indicates North American grasslands contain at least 10 phylogenetically distinct lineages of Mesocriconema that resemble, but are not, M. curvatum. Analysis of the two most common lineages reveals two distinctly different population structures. …

Corn Disease Update, Tamra A. Jackson-Ziems, Terra Hartman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Several diseases were important in the 2016 Nebraska corn crop and impacted yield in some areas. Many of these diseases developed as a result of extreme weather events that were favorable for disease development. Most of those diseases are caused by pathogens that are capable of survival in the crop debris or residue, and so they are more likely to develop again in future years if environmental conditions are favorable again. This article summarizes some of Nebraska’s most important corn disease problems in 2016, tips for diagnosis, and management strategies.

Bacterial Leaf Streak

Gray Leaf Spot

Southern Rust

Stalk Rot …

Structure Of The Chlorovirus Pbcv-1 Major Capsid Glycoprotein Determined By Combining Crystallographic And Carbohydrate Molecular Modeling Approaches, Cristina De Castro, Thomas Klose, Immacolata Speciale, Rosa Lanzetta, Antonio Molinaro, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann

James Van Etten Publications

The glycans of the major capsid protein (Vp54) of Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus (PBCV-1) were recently described and found to be unusual. This prompted a reexamination of the previously reported Vp54 X-ray structure. A detailed description of the complete glycoprotein was achieved by combining crystallographic data with molecular modeling. The crystallographic data identified most of the monosaccharides located close to the protein backbone, but failed to detect those further from the glycosylation sites. Molecular modeling complemented this model by adding the missing monosaccharides and examined the conformational preference of the whole molecule, alone or within the crystallographic environment. Thus, combining …

Chapter 1 - The Fauna: A Place To Call Home, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Chapter 6 - Onychophora, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Chapter 8 - Arthropods: Harvestmen And Pseudoscorpions, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Chapter 2 - Protozoa, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Chapter 9 - Arthropods: Mites, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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This video of a mite feeding on antheridia of Haplomitrium mnioides accompanies this chapter: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology-video/2/

Chapter 10 - Arthropods: Crustacea, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Chapter 13 - Fish, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Chapter 5 - Tardigrades, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Chapter 7 - Arthropods: Spiders, Janice M. Glime, Jørgen Lissner

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Subchapters 7-3 through 7-5 have been coauthored by Jørgen Lissner.

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Chapter 15 - Reptiles, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Chapter 11 - Aquatic Insects, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Chapter 14 - Amphibians, Janice M. Glime, William J. Boelema

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 2: Bryological Interaction

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Chapter 6 - Limits, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 1: Physiological Ecology

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Chapter 1 - Introduction, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 1: Physiological Ecology

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Chapter 12 - Productivity, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 1: Physiological Ecology

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Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.