Digital Commons Network^™

Determination Of Airborne Lead Contamination In Cichorium Intybus L. In An Urban Environment, Di̇lmaç Yakupoğlu, Tüli̇n Güray, Deni̇z Yurtsever Sarica, Zeki̇ Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

The major source of environmental lead (Pb) is the combustion of leaded gasoline. After emission as exhaust, lead in the air falls to earth and contaminates soil and plants. Seventeen wild chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) plant samples were collected from each of 2 urban sites in Ankara, one is located at the road side of major intercity road (heavy traffic) and the other one is located in relatively less traffic area that is about 1 km away from the first location. Lead content of chicory plants were analyzed by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean lead concentrations in the …

Studies On The Effect Of Maleic Hydrazide On Root Tip Cells And Pollen Fertility In Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L., Farha Jabee, Mohammad Yunus Khalil Ansari, Danish Shahab

Turkish Journal of Botany

In the present investigation, the effect of maleic hydrazide (MH) has been studied on seed germination, mitosis, and pollen fertility of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. to test its cytotoxicity. Six different concentrations (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% 0.04%, 0.05%, and 0.06%) of maleic hydrazide (MH) were given at seed level. The abnormalities noticed were both physiological and clastogenic. Fragments, stickiness of chromosomes, univalents, multivalents, and anaphase bridges were the most frequent abnormalities. The decrease in seed germination and pollen fertility was found significant at 0.05 level. Mitotic index reduced gradually as the concentrations of Maleic Hydrazide increased and it was found significant at …

Challenges Of In Situ Conservation Of Crop Wild Relatives, Vernon Hilton Heywood

Turkish Journal of Botany

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) will gain in importance as changing climates put both traditional and advanced cultivars under increasing stress, leading to a need for plant breeding to produce new varieties able to grow under the new climate regimes. Traditionally, the approach to the conservation of CWRs has been ex situ - the collection and maintenance of seed accessions in national, regional, and international germplasm banks, supplemented by field genebanks for species with recalcitrant seeds. More recently the need to maintain CWRs in their natural habitats (in situ) has been advocated. This is very different from on-farm conservation of traditional …

Nebline, January 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

“Parents Forever” Class Teaches Parents How to Help Children Through a Divorce
Coalition to Assist Children of Parents Experiencing Divorce
Nebraska’s New Parenting Act Puts Children at the Center—Not in the Middle—of Divorce
Upcoming Pesticide Applicator Trainings
Crop Protection Clinic, Jan. 22
Computerized Farm Financial Recordkeeping Workshop, Feb. 16
Year-Round Insect Pests in the Home
Ultrasonic/Subsonic Devices Not Effective for Pest Control
Beginning Beekeeping 2-Day Workshop
Got Deer Problems or Pocket Gophers? UNL Wildlife Experts Need Your Help
Florist Azalea Plant Care
A Gardener’s New Year’s Resolutions
Proper Landscape Plant Maintenance
About Soil Testing
Attract More Birds by Offering a …

2008 Spring Seed Book, Nebraska Crop Improvement Association

Nebraska Crop Improvement Association Seed Guides

PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION ACT and HOW IT BENEFITS YOU!

PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES

TURFGRASSES

OATS

MILLET

HYBRID SEED CORN

QUALITY ASSURANCE® PROGRAM

APPROVED SEED CONDITIONERS

CUSTOM CERTIFIED CONDITIONERS

2007 NCIA MEMBERS

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Lalit R. Verma

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Subcritical Water And Carbonated Water Extraction Of Anthocyanins From Grape Pomace, Lydia Rice, L. R. Howard

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Grape pomace, a by-product of juice and wine processing, is a rich source of anthocyanins, antioxidant compounds that may afford protection against cancer and coronary heart disease. Unfortunately, traditional extraction of these antioxidants involves use of organic solvents, which pose serious safety and disposal problems for industry. Clearly a need exists for “green” extraction technologies—such as use of subcritical water—that eliminate or reduce the amount of organic solvents. In this study, we determined the efficacy of subcritical and carbonated water in extraction of anthocyanins from red grape pomace. Extraction variables including particle size, pomace mass, and temperature were optimized, and …

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping For Seed Mineral Concentrations In Two Arabidopsis Thaliana Recombinant Inbred Populations, Brian M. Waters, Michael A. Grusak

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Biofortification of foods, achieved by increasing the concentrations of minerals such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), is a goal of plant scientists. Understanding genes that influence seed mineral concentration in a model plant such as Arabidopsis could help in the development of nutritionally enhanced crop cultivars. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for seed concentrations of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), Fe, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and Zn was performed using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, Columbia (Col) × Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Cape Verde Islands (Cvi) × Ler, grown …

Molecular Diversity And Coat Protein Expression Of Sweet Potato Leaf Curl Virus, Dina Lida Gutierrez Reynoso

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Leaf curl virus diseases have been reported in sweetpotato throughout the world. One of the causal agents is Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) which belongs to the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae). In the United States, SPLCV has been found infecting an ornamental sweetpotato and several breeding lines but not in sweetpotatoes grown for commercial production. SPLCV does not cause symptoms on Beauregard, the predominant sweetpotato cultivar in the US, but it can reduce its yield. Since SPLCV could become an important constraint for sweetpotato production; diagnosis, identification, and characterization are essential steps to develop an effective management program. The …

Effects Of Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment On Crop Nutrient Dynamics Under No-Till Conditions, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion, Hugo H. Rogers, H. Allen Torbert

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration could increase crop productivity and alter crop nutrient dynamics. This study was conducted (3 yrs) with two crops ([Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]) grown under two CO₂ levels (ambient and twice ambient) using open top field chambers on a Blanton loamy sand under no-tillage. Macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations and contents were determined for grain, stover, and roots. Although elevated CO₂ tended to reduce nutrient concentrations, high CO₂ consistently increased nutrient content especially in grain tissue; this response pattern was more notable with macronutrients. The …

Social And Economic Aspects Of Areawide Pest Management, Sean P. Keenan, Paul A. Burgener

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This chapter explores demonstration elements from the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service's demonstration programme for cereal aphid AWPM. We explore elements of the demonstration programme as agricultural innovations. We discuss potential adoption of these elements by wheat producers on the Great Plains and implications of the programme outcomes for other wheat-growing regions of the world. We begin with a history of research on the adoption of agricultural innovations, which provides the context for evaluating the cereal aphid programme from the perspective of farmer adoption. Chapter 19, this volume, by Kristopher Giles et al. provides a summary and …

Improvement Of Perennial Forage Species As Feedstock For Bioenergy, William Anderson, Michael Casler, Brian S. Baldwin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Both native and non-native forage species other than switchgrass are less commonly considered as potential lignocellulosic feedstocks for bioenergy in the United States. These species hold potential as bioenergy feedstocks because of the experience and infrastructure that is already in place for management and harvest, and in certain areas of the country they have greater yield potential than switchgrass or other feedstocks. The forage grasses consist of temperate cool-season (most commonly C3) grasses as well as tropical or sub-tropical warm-season (C4) grasses. Some legume species may also play a significant role in supplying useful bioenergy feedstocks. Most have been researched …

Chapter 17. Nitrogen Management Modeling Techniques: Assessing Cropping Systems/Landscape Combinations, J. A. Delgado, M. J. Shaffer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in production agriculture is often low, which results in losses of excess N to groundwater as NO₃-N, to gaseous emissions of NH₃ and N₂O, and to N losses in surface runoff and erosion. Best management practices (BMPs) are needed to improve efficiency levels while maintaining proper nutrition for crops. Field studies designed to investigate potential BMPs are both time consuming and costly, and cannot cover all scenarios. Application of simulation models with N cycling components in conjunction with associated field investigations offers methodology that can help identify BMPs that show promise …

Soil Properties And Macro Cations Status Impacted By Long-Term Applied Poultry Litter, Zhongqi He, Irenus A. Tazisong, Zachary N. Senwo, Donglin Zhang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Most ethnic populations worldwide consume poultry products. Whereas poultry litter (PL) is a traditionally inexpensive and effective fertilizer to improve soil quality and agricultural productivity, overapplication to soils has raised concerns because excess nutrients in runoff could accelerate the eutrophication of fresh bodies of water. A long-term field experiment of land application of PL to soils used for pasture growth has been maintained for nearly two decades in the Sand Mountain region of north Alabama, USA. In this work, several soil parameters impacted by the long-term applied litter were characterized. The findings clearly support previous general observations that long-term applied …

Importance And Effect Of Nitrogen On Crop Quality And Health, Jürg Blumenthal, David D. Baltensperger, Kenneth G. Cassman, Stephen Mason, Alexander Pavlista

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen (N) is often the most limiting factor in crop production. Hence, application of fertilizer nitrogen results in higher biomass yields and protein yield and concentration in plant tissue is commonly increased. Nitrogen often affects amino acid composition of protein and in turn its nutritional quality. In cereals, abundant supply of nitrogen decreases the relative proportion of lysine and threonine, thus, reducing the biological value of the protein. Increasing nitrogen supply generally improves kernel integrity and strength, resulting in better milling properties of the grain. In oil seed crops, protein levels are increased upon nitrogen fertilization, whereas oil concentration is …

A Case Study To Teach The Diagnostic Process: Determining The Cause Of Chlorosis In A Crop Of Cut Dicentra, Marci Spaw, Kimberley A. Williams, Laurie Hodges, Ellen T. Paparozzi, Ingrid L. Mallberg

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This universally accessible, Web-based decision case presents the challenge of determining the cause of foliar chlorosis in a crop of dicentra (Dicentra spectabilis) being forced as a cut flower for Valentine's Day sales. The case study serves as a tool to promote the development of diagnostic skills for production dilemmas, including nutritional disorders, disease problems, and evaluation of the appropriateness of cultural practices, Cut dicentra is a minor crop and standard production practices are not well established. Solving this case requires that students research production protocol, as well as nutritional and pest problems, and determine whether they have …

Characterization Of The Folate Salvage Enzyme P-Aminobenzoylglutamate Hydrolase In Plants, Gale G. Bozzo, Gilles J. C. Basset, Valeria Naponelli, Alexandre Noiriel, Jesse F. Gregory Iii, Andrew D. Hanson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Folates break down in vivo to give pterin and p-aminobenzoylglutamate (pABAGlu) fragments, the latter usually having a polyglutamyl tail. Pilot studies have shown that plants can hydrolyze pABAGlu and its polyglutamates to p-aminobenzoate, a folate biosynthesis precursor. The enzymatic basis of this hydrolysis was further investigated. pABAGlu hydrolase activity was found in all species and organs tested; activity levels implied that the proteins responsible are very rare. The activity was located in cytosol/vacuole and mitochondrial fractions of pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves, and column chromatography of the activity from Arabidopsis tissues indicated at …

Whole-Plant Mineral Partitioning Throughout The Life Cycle In Arabidopsis Thaliana Ecotypes Columbia, Landsberg Erecta, Cape Verde Islands, And The Mutant Line Ysl1ysl3, Brian M. Waters, Michael A. Grusak

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Minimal information exists on whole-plant dynamics of mineral flow through Arabidopsis thaliana or on the source tissues responsible for mineral export to developing seeds. Understanding these phenomena in a model plant could help in the development of nutritionally enhanced crop cultivars. A whole-plant partitioning study, using sequential harvests, was conducted to characterize growth and mineral concentrations and contents of rosettes, cauline leaves, stems, immature fruit, mature fruit hulls, and seeds of three WT lines (Col-0, Ler, and Cvi) and one mutant line (Col-0::ysl1ysl3). Shoot mineral content increased throughout the life cycle for all minerals, although tissue-specific …

Winter Cover Crops And Vinegar For Early-Season Weed Control In Sustainable Cotton, P. J. Moran, S. M. Greenberg

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Weeds may be suppressed by winter cover crops and the use of organic herbicides such as vinegar. Black oat (Avena strigosa) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) winter cover crops were planted for 2 years as part of a sustainable production system for cotton in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and were till-killed each spring prior to cotton planting. Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were frequently-encountered winter and spring weeds. Both cover crops controlled winter weeds as well as did winter tillage …

Asas Centennial Paper: Net Energy Systems For Beef Cattle – Cattles, Application, And Future Models, Calvin Ferrell, J. W. Oltjen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Development of nutritional energetics can be traced to the 1400s. Lavoisier established relationships among O₂ use, CO₂ production and heat production in the late 1700s, and the laws of thermodynamics and law of Hess were discovered during the 1840s. Those discoveries established the fundamental bases for nutritional energetics and enabled the fundamental entity ME = retained energy + heat energy to be established. Objectives became: 1) to establish relationships between gas exchange and heat energy, 2) to devise bases for evaluation of foods that could be related to energy expenditures, and 3) to establish causes of energy expenditures. …

Chapter 4. Relationship Of Environmental Nitrogen Metabolism To Human Health, J. R. Follett, R. F. Follett

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The need for humans to produce and consume food and other agricultural products is increasing. This need is directly related to increasing world populations, demands for goods and services, and expectations. Nitrogen (N) is contained in all of the amino acids and proteins in the foods consumed by humans. The use of N to produce food and other products is generally increasing as human needs increase. Proteins are an essential component of the human diet because, unlike plants, humans are unable to utilize more simple forms of N and rely on food sources for protein which can then be digested …

Effect Of Sample Processing Procedures On Measurement Of Starch In Corn Silage And Corn Grain, M. B. Hall, D. R. Mertens

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Methods for processing feedstuffs before analysis can affect analytical results. Effects of drying temperature (corn silage), preservation method (corn grain), and grinding method (corn silage and grain) on starch analysis values were evaluated. Corn silage samples dried at 55 or 105°C and grain samples dried at 55°C were ground to pass the 1-mm screen of an abrasion mill or cutting mill and analyzed for free glucose and starch corrected for free glucose. Starch analyses were performed in triplicate to assess the effect of treatment on precision of starch determination. Drying at 105°C decreased free glucose and tended to decrease starch …

Initial Response Of Evapotranspiration From Tallgrass Prairie Vegetation To Co2 At Subambient To Elevated Concentrations, H. W. Polley, H. B. Johnson, P. A. Fay, J. Sanabria

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A series of weighing lysimeters in which tallgrass prairie species had been planted were exposed to a subambient to elevated gradient in CO₂ in a field chamber. Lysimeters with intact monoliths of three soil types were represented along the CO₂ gradient. We used regression analysis to determine how CO₂ effects on evapotranspiration per unit of soil surface area (ET_soil) and per unit of leaf area (ET_la) depended on variation in leaf area index (LAI) and diurnal changes in environmental variables during the initial 6 weeks of CO₂ treatment.

Growth And Feed Efficiency Of Juvenile Channel Catfish Reared At Different Water Temperatures And Fed Diets Containing Various Levels Of Fish Meal, Menghe H. Li, Edwin H. Robinson, Brian C. Peterson, Terry D. Bates

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus do not feed well at low temperatures. It is generally thought that a diet containing fish meal enhances feed palatability at low temperatures since fish meal is highly palatable to fish. There is a lack of information on the effects of fish meal levels on the growth performance of channel catfish reared at low temperatures. Therefore, a study was conducted in a recirculating system to examine the effects of fish meal levels on the feed consumption, weight gain, and feed efficiency of juvenile channel catfish reared at various temperatures. Fish with an initial weight of 9.6 …

Enteric Bacteria Of Field-Collected Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae Inhibit Growth Of The Entomopathogens Photorhabdus Temperata And Beauveria Bassiana, Michael B. Blackburn, Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal, Donald C. Weber, Phyllis A. W. Martin, Robert R. Farrar Jr.

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The nematode Heterorhabditis marelatus fails to reproduce in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, possibly due to interference from the enteric bacteria of the beetle. Specifically, the enteric bacteria inhibit the growth of Photorhabdus temperata, the enteric symbiont of the nematode, in vitro. However, previous work was based on a laboratory culture of L. decemlineata, and we wished to determine if similar bacteria were present in the field. Therefore, we cultured the enteric bacteria of fourth-instar larvae collected from the field at two locations in Maryland and Virginia. Representatives of the genera Pantoea, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas …

Reestablishing The Juneberry On The Fort Berthold Indian Reservation: Cultural, Horticultural, And Educational Connections, Kerry E. Hartman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tribal people of the Northern Great Plains have utilized plants for centuries. Amelanchier anifolia (Juneberries/Serviceberries) historically played an important part in the diet and culture of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara (MHA) Tribal Nations. Research conducted as part of this study into historical and contemporary uses of the Juneberry by MHA Tribal Members indicated extensive historical use and a high interest in Juneberry reestablishment for cultural, nutritional, and economic reasons. Previous research on Juneberries has investigated factors including state of dormancy, propagation method, transplant type, and mulch type. Another purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of presence …

Sex-Specific Feeding Rates And Provisioning Of Fruit To Nestling Bell's Vireo, Greg H. Farley

The Prairie Naturalist

Provisioning of fruit to nestlings and possible sex-specific differences in feeding rate have not been reported for Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii; Brown 1993). While studying nesting ecology of Bell's vireo on Konza Prairie Biological Station, Geary and Riley counties, Kansas, I quantified feeding rate by sex and food type delivered to nestlings. Sex was determined by capturing adults with mist-nets and inspecting for a cloacal protuberance, as well as conducting behavioral observations of uniquely-marked individuals. Males sing regularly while moving around territories, as well as during incubation (Nolan 1960). I assigned "female" to the individual in these socially …

Ethylene Synthesis And Sensitivity In Crop Plants, Joseph F. Romagnano

Publications

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is a small molecule that regulates developmental change. Research was conducted in three areas: sensitivity, synthesis, and alterations to synthesis. Vegetative pea plants were more sensitive than radish plants to atmospheric ethylene. Light intensity did not affect ethylene sensitivity. Ethylene synthesis rates were measured for unstressed cotton, corn, soybean, and tomato plants. The per-plant ethylene synthesis rate ranged from 0.1-80 pmol plant-1 s-1. However, when normalized to net photosynthetic rate, this range was 1-4 µmol of ethylene synthesis per mol of CO2 uptake. Diurnal cycles in ethylene synthesis were present in all crops studied. These …

Removal Of Manganese From An Alkaline Mine Drainage Using A Bioreactor With Different Organic Carbon Sources, Jared D. Edwards

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The treatment of Mn and SO₄^2- contaminated mine drainage via a sulfate reducing bioreactor is expected to result in near-permanent immobilization of significant amounts of Mn and a portion of the sulfates within the matrix. This study tested several different combinations of organic amendments and inorganic substrates in an attempt to optimize sulfate reducing conditions and Mn removal capacity. Five different organic carbon sources, including corn mash, wood mulch, biosolids, soybean oil, and sorghum syrup in combination with five different inorganic substrates, including creek sediment, marble and limestone chips, polished gravel, and sand were tested in batch experiments. …