Digital Commons Network^™

Shaping The Cross Timbers With Fire And Grazing, John A. Guretzky

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Recently, our agricultural research team has been asked to provide talks during tours of our Oswalt Road Ranch. The Oswalt Road Ranch is a 4,992-acre property in Love County, Okla., willed to us by D. Joyce Coffey. The Noble Foundation took full control of the property in 2000. The ranch is a valuable piece of property because of its unique natural beauty and potential to support livestock production and wildlife habitat. On the tours, we have been showing off our new state-of-the art livestock handling facilities and providing information about results from recent research on by-product feeds, the Noble Foundation …

Dwarfing Mechanisms Of Prunus Species As Interstems And Rootstocks On Peach [Prunus Persica (L.) Batsch] Tree Vegetative Growth And Physiology, Antonio Weibel

All Dissertations

The use of small trees in orchard systems reduces manual labor (pruning, thinning and harvesting), and induces precocity, thus making high-density plantations economically advantageous, which has elicited an interest in size-controlling rootstocks. However, the mechanisms involved in the reduction of scion growth by the rootstock are not well understood. The main objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the dwarfing mechanism induced by size-controlling peach rootstocks. The relationship among different rootstocks (dwarfing to invigorating range) as to stored carbohydrates, tree water status, and interstem and grafting height was evaluated on young and mature `Redhaven' and `Redtop' …

Ethylene Synthesis And Sensitivity In Crop Plants, Joseph F. Romagnano

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is a small molecule that regulates developmental change. Research was conducted in three areas: sensitivity, synthesis, and alterations to synthesis. Vegetative pea plants were more sensitive than radish plants to atmospheric ethylene. Light intensity did not affect ethylene sensitivity. Ethylene synthesis rates were measured for unstressed cotton, corn, soybean, and tomato plants. The per-plant ethylene synthesis rate ranged from 0.1-80 pmol plant^-1 s^-1. However, when normalized to net photosynthetic rate, this range was 1-4 µmol of ethylene synthesis per mol of CO₂ uptake. Diurnal cycles in ethylene synthesis were present in …

Growing Wild: Crested Wheatgrass And The Landscape Of Belonging, Lafe Gerald Conner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Crested wheatgrass arrived in North America at the turn of the twentieth century through the foreign plant exploration missions sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture. During the first two decades of the new century, scientists tested the grass at agricultural experiment stations. They determined it was useful for grazing and particularly valuable because it could grow in drought conditions with little or no care and would continue to produce high quality feed even after several years of heavy use. Beginning in the 1930s federally sponsored land utilization and agricultural adjustment programs sponsored the use of crested wheatgrass for …

Evaluation Of Competition Between Turfgrass And Trees In The Landscape, Christopher A. Hendrickson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Population growth in regions of the Intermountain West has resulted in rapid growth of residential neighborhoods. In Utah, the landscapes associated with these expanding neighborhoods consume vast quantities of treated water. This is a concern in all states of the Intermountain West, as water becomes increasingly scarce. Traditionally used turfgrasses, trees and other plants in Intermountain West landscapes require significant amounts of supplemental water considering the intense sunlight, dry winds and sparse rainfall typical of the region. Characterizing the interactions between turfgrass and tree species in these landscapes can aid in the identification of candidate species that consume less nutritional …

Intsormil Support Contributes To Increased Sorghum Yields In Central America, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

INTSORMIL has supported sorghum research and technology transfer activities in Central America since 1981. Emphasis has been on El Salvador and Nicaragua but now the program is expanding to other Central American countries. Statistics provided by the Ministry of Agriculture indicate a significant advance in sorghum production in El Salvador. As shown in the graph below surface area in ha sown to sorghum during the period 1999-2009 did not increase (about 105,000 ha). However, during that same period grain production increased from 140,000 MT to 186,000 MT, an increase of 33%. This is due to the dramatic yield increase per …

Alternative Cereal Processing Technologies [Conference Program And Proceedings] (Lobatse, Botswana, November 4-6, 2008), Martin Kebakile, Kemelo Ookeditse

INTSORMIL Presentations

Objectives of the workshop:

To review the current status of local cereals production and processing explore opportunities for growing the cereal industry.

To promote diversification of cereal processing by sensitizing all players and stakeholders in the cereals industry about readily available alternative cereals processing technologies which have commercial potential.

To promote and strengthen collaboration between local and international researchers, as well as fostering strategic partnerships between researchers and users of technologies to develop customer tailored processing technologies.

Nebline, Nov./Dec. 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Make a Difference: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
2008 Crop Year in Review
Preserve Grain Quality with Aeration Management
Estimating Corn Drydown Time
It’s Not Easy Being Green During Nebraska’s Winters
Put on an Extra Blanket (Winter Mulching)
Avoid Stacking Firewood Next to House
The Keys to a Perfect Thanksgiving Meal
$tretch Your Food Dollar During the Holiday Season
Healthy Eating: Easy as Pie—Turkey Pot Pie
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Keep Kitchen and Bathroom Clean During Guest Season
Skip the “Humbug!” 10 Tips to Relieve Holiday Stress
Housecleaning Ergonomics: How to …

Supplementing Cattle On Pasture: When, What And How Much?, Roy Burris

Kentucky Grazing Conference

The biggest advantage of maintaining cattle in the southeast is our ability to grow forages. It is generally an economic advantage to make maximum use of our forage and then supplement only when needed to meet our production goals. Judicious use of extra nutrition to grazing cattle can allow us to meet an objective which was best stated by Hoveland in 1986:

“Our objective is to maintain pasture at the highest quality that the environment will allow and efficiently convert as much of the pasture as possible into saleable animal product.”

Growth Of Grasses And Legumes: Impact On Grazing, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Grazing Conference

The primary, cool season, perennial pasture grasses used in Kentucky are orchardgrass, bluegrass, and tall fescue. When not grazed or harvested, each of these passes through successive stages of growth in the spring: 1) leafy vegetative; 2) boot with seed heads enclosed in leaf sheath; 3) heading when the seed heads begin to show and, 4) bloom when pollination has occurred ( Figure 2). Since fiber and lignin contents increase steadily beyond the vegetative stage, while percent protein and digestibility decrease, a major goal in grazing management is to maintain these grasses in the leafy, vegetative stage at all times. …

University Of Nebraska Selected To Manage The New Sorghum/Millet And Other Grains Crsp, John Yohe, Kimberly Christiansen

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Dr. John Yohe, INTSORMIL CRSP Program Director, has announced that the University of Nebraska (UNL) has been selected as the Management Entity for the new Sorghum/Millet and Other Grains CRSP. The award was based on national competition among U. S. universities. This CRSP is funded through a Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement instrument as opposed to a grant under which INTSORMIL was funded since 1979. The INTSORMIL CRSP, Managed by UNL in partnership with Kansas State University, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, UNL and West Texas A&M University, ends June 30, 2007. The Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement is effective …

Forage News [2008-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Grazing Conference
• Grazing Crop Residues
• U.K. Forage Website
• KFGC Board Meeting Highlights
• Frost Brings Danger: Prussic Acid Poisoning
• Kentucky-Tennessee Cow-Calf Conference
• Dow Agrosciences Buys Dairyland Seed
• Court Decision Won’t Affect RR Alfalfa status
• Bale Feeder Reduces Waste
• Upcoming Events

Enhanced Plant Nutrient Use Efficiency With Pgpr And Amf In An Integrated Nutrient Management System, A. O. Adesemoye, H. A. Torbert, J. W. Kloepper

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A 3-year field study was conducted with field corn from 2005 to 2007 to test the hypothesis that microbial inoculants that increase plant growth and yield can enhance nutrient uptake, and thereby remove more nutrients—especially N, P, and K—from the field as part of an integrated nutrient management system. The field trial evaluated microbial inoculants, which include a commercially available plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and their combination across 2 tillage systems (no-till and conventional till) and 2 fertilization regimes (poultry litter and ammonium nitrate). Data were collected on plant height, yield (dry mass of ears and …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2007, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Convergence Of Agriculture And Energy: Iii. Considerations In Biodiesel Production, Jon Van Gerpen, Allan Gray, Brent H. Shanks, Beth Calabotta, Drew Kershen, Alan Weber, Richard Joost, Todd A. Peterson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Concern about rising prices and unstable sources of petroleum fuels is driving the search for U.S. domestically produced, renewable transportation fuels, such as biodiesel. Federal incentives of up to $1.10 per gallon have been supplemented by additional incentives and mandated biodiesel use in many states. The Renewable Fuel Standard in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 requires the domestic use of 1 billion gallons of biomass-based diesel fuel by 2012, most of which likely will be biodiesel.
U.S. biodiesel production is primarily from soybean oil, but recent high prices have forced many producers to use lower-cost feedstocks such …

Sorghum & Pearl Millet In Zambia: Production Guide, [2006], Kimberley Christiansen

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

U.S. government publication about sorghum and pearl millet production and sales in Zambia.

Shrub-Interspace Dynamics Alter Relationships Between Microbial Community Composition And Belowground Ecosystem Characteristics, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Z. T. Aanderud, M. I. Shuldman, J. H. Richards

Biology

In desert ecosystems, belowground characteristics are influenced chiefly by the formation and persistence of “shrub-islands of fertility” in contrast to barren plant interspaces. If soil microbial communities are exclusively compared between these two biogeochemically distinct soil types, the impact of characteristics altered by shrub species, especially soil C and N, are likely to be overemphasized and overshadow the role of other characteristics in structuring microbial composition. To determine how belowground characteristics influence microbial community composition, and if the relative importance of these characteristics shifts across the landscape (i.e., between and within shrub and interspace soils), changes in microbial communities across …

Forage News [2008-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage Spokesman Nomination
• KFGC Awards Nomination
• 29th Kentucky Alfalfa Conference - February 19
• How Good Is Your Hay?
• Brassicas and Cereals: High Quality Options for Fall Grazing
• Fall Fertilizer Applications to Hay Fields and Pastures
• USDA Forecasts 2% Less Alfalfa
• Switchgrass for Energy Will Take Time
• Upcoming Events

Alternation Of Tobacco Alkaloid Content Through Modification Of Specific Cytochrome P450 Genes, Ralph E. Dewey, Steven W. Bowen, Balazs Siminszky, Lily Gavilano

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

Compositions and methods for reducing the level of nornicotine and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) inNicotiana plants and plant parts thereof are provided. The compositions comprise isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides for cytochrome P450s that are involved in the metabolic conversion of nicotine to nornicotine in these plants. Expression cassettes, vectors, plants, and plant parts thereof comprising inhibitory sequences that target expression or function of the disclosed cytochrome P450 polypeptides are also provided. Methods for the use of these novel sequences to inhibit expression or function of cytochrome P450 polypeptides involved in this metabolic conversion are also provided. The methods find use in …

The Leaf Ionome As A Multivariable System To Detect A Plant's Physiological Status, Ivan R. Baxter, Olga Vitek, Brett Lahner, Balasubramaniam Muthukumar, Monica Borghi, Joe Morrissey, Mary Lou Guerinot, David E. Salt

Dartmouth Scholarship

The contention that quantitative profiles of biomolecules contain information about the physiological state of the organism has motivated a variety of high-throughput molecular profiling experiments. However, unbiased discovery and validation of biomolecular signatures from these experiments remains a challenge. Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leaf ionome, or elemental composition, contains such signatures, and we establish statistical models that connect these multivariable signatures to defined physiological responses, such as iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis. Iron is essential for plant growth and development, but potentially toxic at elevated levels. Because of this, shoot Fe concentrations are …

Impacts Of Root Invigoration And Its Individual Components On The Performance Of Red Maple (Acer Rubrum), Kelby Fite

All Dissertations

The Root Invigoration process involves soil decompaction with an air tool, amendment with organic matter and prescription fertilizer, and mulching. In the current study, we measured soil chemical and physical properties, tree characteristics, and root system responses to this process and its individual components. Treatments included Root Invigoration (AFM), mulch only (M), fertilization only (F), Airspade® tillage only (A), and an untreated control (C). The experiment was conducted from 2005-2007 at four urban sites: Anderson, SC; Boston, MA; Myrtle Beach, SC and Pittsburgh, PA. Soil strength was initially reduced by Airspade®, mulch and AFM; however only AFM-treated soils sustained this …

Synthesis Of Novel Agrochemicals As Potential Plant Immunization Agents., Arrey Besong Enyong

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The world's population is expected to grow from 6 billion to about 10 billion by 2050. The greatest population increase is expected to occur in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. To feed a world with huge increases in population and to sustain the well-being of humans, a large increase in food production must be achieved. The projected increase in food production must be accomplished on the existing cultivated areas because the expansion of new land is limited by environmental concerns, urbanization and increasing water scarcity.

Different compounds have been developed for the "immunization" of plants against several pathogens. These compounds …

Pasteurellosis Transmission Risks Between Domestic And Wild Sheep, Michael W. Miller, Donald P. Knowles, Marie S. Bulgin, Billy R. Clay, Walter E. Cook, Subramaniam Srikumaran, A. David Scarfe, Dale Layfield

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Disease has contributed significantly to the decline of bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis) populations throughout much of western North America, decreasing many native herds to less than 10% of their historical size and imperiling some populations and subspecies (Valdez and Krausman 1999). According to historical accounts (e.g., Grinnell 1928; Honess and Frost 1942; Shillinger 1937; Warren 1910), epidemics in some locations coincided with the advent of domestic livestock grazing in bighorn ranges, suggesting that novel pathogens may have been introduced into some bighorn populations beginning in the 1800s.
Native North American wild sheep species—bighorn sheep and thinhorn (Dall’s and …

Advanced Master Gardeners Flower Resources, Larry A. Sagers

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Intsormil/Centa Food Technologist Awarded Prize At Pccmca, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

INTSORMIL/CENTA El Salvador scientist, Vilma Calderon (right), won third place for her paper presented at the 53rd annual meeting of the PCCMCA (El Programa Cooperativo Centroamericano para el Mejoramiento de Cultivos y Animales) held in San José, Costa Rica April 14-18, 2008. Vilma’s paper entitled “Nutritional Quality of Whole Sorghum in Different Food Applications” demonstrated how people from different cultures utilize sorghum as a human food and how sorghum is a nutritional alternative for inclusion in the diet of people in developing countries. With INTSORMIL support Vilma has been conducting research on the utilization of sorghum for human consumption at …

The Potential For Crop-To-Wild Gene Flow In Sorghum In Ethiopia And Niger: A Geographic Survey, Tesfaye Tesso, Issoufou Kapran, Cecile Grenier, Allison Snow, Patricia Sweeney, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, David B. Marx, Gurling Bothma, Gebisa Ejeta

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Information about the potential for crop–wild hybridization is needed to understand how crop genes, including transgenes, affect the population genetics and ecology of sexually compatible relatives. Transgenic sorghum is under development for use by traditional farmers in Africa, the center of origin for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], but systematic surveys of the current extent of contact with wild and weedy relatives are lacking. We studied wild and weedy sorghums that are interfertile with the crop and constitute a crop–wild–weed complex. The survey was conducted in 2005 in areas of traditional sorghum cultivation in three regions of Ethiopia and …

Nebline, July 2008

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Homemade Skillet Meals: Easy, Healthy & Low-Cost
Create Your Own Skillet Meal
Colorful Annual Vines
Watch out for Poison Ivy
Summer Pruning of Apple Trees
Keep the Vegetables Coming with a Fall Garden
Cost of Pumping Water for Domestic and Acreage Needs
Managing Financial Risk During Boom Periods
Plan the Timing of Grass Hay Harvest
Midges: Non-biting Gnats
Midge Control Program at Capitol Beach
Bats In and Around Structures
Bats and Disease
Supermarket Savings: 16 Tips that Can Total Big Bucks
Family & Community Education (FCE) Clubs: Presidents’ Notes—Bonnie’s Bits
FCE News & Events
Household Hints: Swimsuit Care
Strengthening Family …

Compost Production And Use In Horticulture, Bob Paulin, Peter O'Malley

Bulletins 4000 -

Maintaining and improving soil organic carbon levels is becoming an increasingly important aspect of modern farming. Compost provides potentially one of the most effective ways of applying organic matter to soils and improving organic carbon levels.

Improving soil organic carbon is directly related to soil quality and performance. Increased quality reflects improved biological function (soil health), fertility and physical attributes that include better drainage, reduced compaction and erosion, and improved moisture-holding capability, at least for lighter soils.

Compost is not the only option available. Others include the use of cover or break crops, reducing the use of cultivations, selecting safe …

Sheep Updates 2008 - Part 2, Meredith L. Sheil, Di Evans, Brown Besier, Tim Scanlon, Andre Martinho De Almeida, Johan Greeff, Tanya Kilminster, John Milton, Chris Oldham, B. L. Mcintyre, Alison Wheatley, John Lucey, Fiona Jones, Nick Costa, Ed Riggall, J. R. L. Hall, Robin Jacob, Dave Pethick, Dave Hopkins, Graham Gardner

Sheep Updates

This session covers eleven papers from different authors: The Sheep Room 1. Analgesia for Surgical Husbandry Procedures in Sheep and Other Livestock, Dr Meredith L. Sheil, Animal Ethics Pty Ltd, Associate Sydney University Faculty of Veterinary Science The Wool Enterprise 2. Unmulsed sheep - implications for chemical use, Di Evans & Brown Besier, Department of Agriculture and Food WA 3. Are Damara and Dorper sheep better adapted than Merinos to nutritional stress? - Growth rates, Tim Scanlon1, Andre Martinho de Almeida2, Johan Greeff1, Tanya Kilminster1, John Milton3, Chris Oldham1, Department of Agriculture and Food WA1, Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica Tropical, …

Cool-Season Legumes For Southern Pastures, John A. Guretzky, Twain Butler

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Legumes can improve the production and nutritional value of pastures while reducing nitrogen fertilization requirements. On July 19, 2008, the Noble Foundation will host the "Texoma Pasture Conference" to explain the pros and cons of using legumes in pastures. The Agricultural Division has invited experts from Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Oklahoma and Texas to deliver this exciting program. We encourage you to attend this timely event. In the meantime, we will tell you about ongoing research in the Agricultural and Forage Improvement divisions evaluating legumes for pasture.

A goal of our research is to identify best practices for establishing and managing …