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Dynamics Of 2,4-D In Generation Of Cytomorphological Variants In An Important Anticancerous And Antihepatotoxic Herb – Cichorium Intybus L., Zeba Khan, Mohammad Yunus Khalil Ansari, Honey Gupta, Sana Chaudhary

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genotoxic effect of 2,4-D was investigated in chicory (2n = 18). At 100 ppm concentration 4 variants differing in morphological traits were isolated and subjected to chromosomal analysis. Morphological variations in shape, height, and yield parameters were observed. Different cytological anomalies such as univalents, multivalents, bridges, laggards, chromosome stickiness, and polyads occurred in all 4 isolates. However, the frequency of these chromosomal irregularities decreased at anaphase, exhibiting recovery at later stages. Thus the above concentration of growth hormone 2,4-D can be effectively incorporated for raising viable mutants in this medicinally useful herb.

History Of Development And Characterization Of The U.S. Blackberry Market, Thais F. Carvalho, John R. Clark, Michael R. Thomsen

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The fresh blackberry market within the United States has expanded significantly in the past 10 years based on the development of new cultivars with improved firmness and longer shelf life, permitting their shipment over long distances. Currently, blackberries maintain a nearly continuous presence on the shelves of grocery stores across the U.S., which was uncommon a decade ago. Increased consumption of blackberries is due to increased consumer desire for improved nutrition and diet along with expanded availability. Worldwide, producers have increased production with a 45% increase in area planted from 1995 to 2005. Further expansion has occurred since then. This …

Characterizing The Variability Of Physical And Chemical Properties Across The Soil Individuals Mapped As Amy Silt Loam Soils In Southeastern Arkansas, B. Bhandari, Robert L. Ficklin

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Knowledge of physical and chemical properties of soil is relevant for landowners, researchers, and foresters, so that appropriate crop species and management practices to maximize site productivity can be selected. In addition to issues of plant productivity, the need for assessing soil properties has been expanded due to public interest in determining the consequences of management practices on soil quality relative to sustainability of crop ecosystem functions. The USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) delineated soil mapping units to provide information about physical and chemical properties of soil in each soil series. However, soil mapping units do not provide details about …

Vegetable Growing : A Guide For Home Gardeners In Western Australia, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Bulletins 4000 -

DAFWAs popular publication about vegetable growing for home gardeners.

Diagnosing Crop And Pasture Problems With Detective Doug, Doug Sawkins

Bulletins 4000 -

There are numerous publications for diagnosing crop and pasture growth problems. Although they are excellent for experienced people, they can be time consuming and possibly misleading for the less experienced.

Many guidebooks assume that the user has already decided that their problem falls into the category covered by their particular guidebook, for example, a disease, pest or herbicide problem.

Guidebooks are often based on plant symptoms. However, in the field, symptoms vary and different problems can have similar symptoms.

This bulletin presents a problem diagnosis method that uses plant symptoms and paddock clues. It can be used to draw up …

Metabolic Effect Of Three Protein Levels In The Nutrition Of Alpacas (Lama Pacus) In The Experimental Station Of Brigham Young University, Rolando Freddy Uruña Tito

Theses and Dissertations

This study had the principal objective of evaluating the metabolic effect of three protein levels in the nutrition of Alpacas (Lama pacus) in the experimental stations of Brigham Young University, located in the city of Provo, Utah, U.S.A at an altitude of 13696 m.a.s.l., and geographically located at 40°12’ north latitude, and 111°43’ west longitude. The climatic characteristics of the state of Utah, particularly in the city of Provo, during the current season registered the following: 4°C of minimum average temperature, 11.4°C of an average mean temperature, and 19°C of maximum average temperature, 55% of relative humidity, and a mean …

Particle Size Effects On The Quality Of Flour Tortillas Enriched With Whole Grain Waxy Barley, Naruemon Prasopsunwattana, Marfa Botero Omary, Elizabeth A. Arndt, Peter H. Cooke, Rolando A. Flores, Wallace Yokoyama, Ayako Toma, Sutida Chongcham, Sylvia P. Lee

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Wheat tortillas were enriched with whole barley flour (WBF) of different particle sizes including 237 µm (regular [RD. 131 µm (intermediate [IM]). and 68 µm (microground [MG], Topographical and fluorescent microstructure images of flours, doughs, and tortillas were examined, Flours and tortillas were analyzed for color, protein, ash, starch, moisture. and β-glucan content. Farinograph testing was conducted on the flour blends, Water activity and texture analyses of tortillas were conducted, A 9-point hedonic scale was used by 95 untrained panelists to evaluate tortilla appearance, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability, Two commercial products (CP) were included in …

Effects Of Spontaneous Heating On Fiber Composition, Fiber Digestibility, And In Situ Disappearance Kinetics Of Neutral Detergent Fiber For Alfalfa-Orchardgrass Hays, W. K. Coblentz, P. C. Hoffman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

During 2006 and 2007, forages from 3 individual hay harvests were utilized to assess the effects of spontaneous heating on concentrations of fiber components, 48-h neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD), and in situ disappearance kinetics of NDF for large-round bales of mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Over the 3 harvests, 96 large-round bales were made at preset bale diameters of 0.9, 1.2, or 1.5 m, and at moisture concentrations ranging from 9.3 to 46.6%. Internal bale temperatures were monitored daily during an outdoor storage period, reaching maxima (MAX) of 77.2°C and 1,997 heating degree …

Choline-Utilizing Microblal Strains For Biologically Controlling Fusarium Head Blight, David A. Schisler, Naseem I. Khan, Michael J. Boehm, Patricia J. Slininger

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Three choline utilizing strains of microorganisms isolated from the anthers of wheat, Aureobasidium pullulans strainAS 55.2, Arthrobacter species strain OH 221.3, and Pseudomonas species strain AS 64.4, are superior antagonists of F. graminearum. These microorganisms are effective for suppression and control of FHB in cereals, particularly in wheat and barley.

Plant-Microbes Interactions In Enhanced Fertilizer-Use Efficiency, Anthony O. Adesemoye, Joseph W. Kloepper

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The continued use of chemical fertilizers and manures for enhanced soil fertility and crop productivity often results in unexpected harmful environmental effects, including leaching of nitrate into groundwater, surface runoff of phosphorus and nitrogen runoff, and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Integrated nutrient management systems are needed to maintain agricultural productivity and protect the environment. Microbial inoculants are promising components of such management systems. This review is a critical summary of the efforts in using microbial inoculants, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for increasing the use efficiency of fertilizers. Studies with microbial inoculants and nutrients have demonstrated that …

Diet Ph, And Viscosity Affect Development And Survival Of Screwworm Larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), M. F. Chaudhury, Steven R. Skoda

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of dietary pH and viscosity on larval development of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were studied in the laboratory using a gel-based and a cellulose fiber-based media. The mean initial pH of the standard gelled diet was lower (6.5 ± 0.3) than that of the standard cellulose fiber-based diet (6.8 ± 0.6). As larval development progressed, these values decreased to below 6.0 possibly due to the accumulation of acidic metabolic waste. Diets formulated with higher initial pH (7.5) produced a slightly larger and greater number of pupae compared with those for untreated standard diets. …

Evaluation Of The Waxy Endosperm Trait In Proso Millet (Panicum Miliaceum), Robert A. Graybosch, D. D. Baltensperger

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The entire USDA-ARS maintained collection of 650 accessions of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was evaluated for the presence of accessions with waxy (amylose-free) endosperm starch. Six accessions, five of which derived from mainland China, were identified. Segregation ratios for waxy endosperm were evaluated in F₂ and F₃ populations derived from crosses between two waxy accessions, PI 436625 (Lung Shu 16) and PI 436626 (Lung Shu 18), and several wildtype accessions. The waxy trait was found to be under the control of duplicate recessive alleles at two loci, herein designated wx-1 and wx-2. Wild-type alleles at …

Alternative Methods For Wetland Restoration In The Rainwater Basin, Nebraska, Usa, Nancy Nicolai, James L. Stubbendieck

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

South-central Nebraska is recognized as a focal point of the mid-continent migratory waterfowl flyway. Substantial wetland alterations led to a critical need for restoration. Managers have restored wetlands by scraping with heavy earthmoving equipment to remove excess organic material and near-monocultures of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) but managers report high costs and topsoil perturbation. Moderate livestock grazing was tested to compare results with those achieved with mechanical techniques. Advantages of grazing could include low costs and less soil perturbation. During the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons, we compared cover of bare ground and open water and plant species …

Nutrient And Chemical Properties Of Aging Golf Course Putting Greens As Impacted By Soil Depth And Mat Development, Ty A. Mcclellan, Roch E. Gaussoin, Bob Shearman, Charles S. Wortmann, Martha Mamo, Garald L. Horse, David B. Marx

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nutrient and chemical changes in turfgrass sand-based root zones are not well understood. This study was conducted to characterize nutrient and chemical properties in putting greens influenced by root zone mixture and establishment treatment, putting green age, and soil depth. Putting greens were constructed and established with Agrostis stolonifera L. in sequential years from 1997 to 2000. Treatments included root zone mixtures of 80:20 (v:v) sand and sphagnum peat and 80:15:5 (v:v:v) sand, sphagnum peat, and soil, and accelerated versus controlled establishment. In the establishment year, the accelerated treatment received 2.6-, 3.0-, and 2.6-fold more nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively, …

Antibiotic Use In Animal Production: Environmental Concerns, Teshome H. Regassa, Richard K. Koelsch, Charles S. Wortmann, Richard F. Randle, Akwasi A. Abunyewa

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Introduction

Antibiotic1 use in animal production has led to improved feed use efficiency and increased growth rates. In turn, these resulted in reduced food production costs and reduced excrement of manure nutrients which may cause pollution problems.

On the other hand, antibiotic use leads to antibiotic resistance and a possible reduction in effectiveness of treatment options for both animals and humans. This publication addresses these issues.

Disease-causing microorganisms2, including bacteria,are the most diverse and numerous organisms on earth. Diverse in their habitat, environmental adaptation, and mechanisms of reproduction, they have short generations with high multiplication rates. Such characteristics help develop …

Fluid Fertilizer’S Role In Sustaining Soils Used For Bio-Fuels Production, John L. Kovar, Douglas Karlen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The short- and long-term effects on soil nutrient cycling, physical properties, and biological activity of striving for higher grain yields and removing crop residues for bio-fuels production must be understood to provide more quantitative crop and soil management guidelines. This study focuses on potassium (K) and sulfur (S) requirements of corn (Zea mays L.) grown for bioenergy feedstock production. Our objectives for 2008 were to: i) evaluate the performance of several S fertilizers, including liquid ammonium thiosulfate (12-0-0-26S), as S sources for corn grown in Iowa, and ii) establish a comprehensive tillage, nutrient management, crop residue removal, and cover …

Evolution And Systematic Significance Of Reproductive Structures In The Genus Cuscuta (Dodders, Convolvulaceae): Pollen And Gynoecium, Mark Welsh

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The genus Cuscuta (dodders, Convolvulaceae) is one of the most significant lineages of parasitic plants from economic, conservation, and anthropogenic perspectives. Members of the genus are twining stem parasites with no roots, lacking almost completely chlorophyll or its function, and gather required nutrition from their host via specialized haustorial connections. While there are almost 200 described species, problems with species identification exist because many diagnostic characters are restricted to their tiny flowers. Probably contributing to this identification difficulty is the fact that the group has not received taxonomic attention for over 75 years; even knowledge of its basic reproductive biology …

Comparative Metabolism Of Benzo(A)Pyrene By Ovarian Microsomes Of Various Species, Deacqunita L. Harris, Ashley C. Huderson, Mohammad S. Niaz, J. Joe Ford, Anthony E. Archibong, Aramandla Ramesh

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of the ability of the female reproductive system to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is critical to the diagnosis and management of female infertility and for risk assessment purposes. The PAHs are a family of widespread pollutants that are released into the environment from automobile exhausts, cigarette smoke, burning of refuse, industrial emissions, and hazardous waste sites. In exposed animals, PAHs become activated to reactive metabolites that interfere with target organ function and as a consequence cause toxicity. The extent of susceptibility to PAH exposure may depend on the ability of animals to metabolize these chemicals. The present study …

Determinants Of Chloroplast Gene Expression And Applications Of Chloroplast Transformation In Lactuca Sativa And Nicotiana Tabacum, Tracey Ruhlman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Genetic modification of plastids in the model plant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has demonstrated that numerous foreign gene products can accumulate to high levels in this setting. Plastid biotechnology is maturing to encompass the improvement of food and feed species and the production of biopharmaceutical proteins for oral delivery necessitating development of stable transplastomic edible plants. In the interest of establishing an edible platform we have investigated the use of native and foreign regulatory elements in relation to foreign gene expression in plastids. Multiple sequence alignments of intergenic regions for 20 species of angiosperm showed that despite 95% identity in the …

Proximate Composition, Chlorophyll A, And Carotenoid Content In Dunaliella Salina (Dunal) Teod (Chlorophycea: Dunaliellaceae) Cultured With Cost-Effective Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer Medium, Raghavan Gireesh

Turkish Journal of Botany

Growth, proximate composition, chlorophyll a, and carotenoid content were estimated in static cultures of micro alga Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teod (Chlorophycea: Dunaliellaceae) to compare the quality and quantity of biomass produced with seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) against Walne´s medium. Culture of micro algae was performed with controlled temperature of 27 ± 1 °C, salinity of 33, and an irradiance of 120 ± 3 µ mol m^{-2} s^{-1}, and daily samples were taken to estimate the above-mentioned parameters. Mean cellular density from samples of both medium were similar and growth rates were 0.44 and 0.42 doubling per day, respectively. Maximum values …

Plan To Support Grains Industry Development 2009-2012, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Grain and other field crops published reports

The Plan to Support Grains Industry Development (‘the Plan’) recognises that Western Australian agricultural industries are integral to the economic wellbeing of regional and rural communities. The Plan promotes a progressive and profitable grains industry through modern best practice services and research to enhance continuous improvement in farming and supply chain practices.

The Plan has been developed to align with the Government of Western Australia’s initiatives, strategies and tactics for ‘making every hectare count’ (see Appendix 1) and with grains industry needs as identified by industry stakeholders during a series of consultation forums. These industry needs will be addressed in …

Symbiotic Effects Of The Fungus Glomus Sp. On Chromium(Iii), Chromium(Vi), And Lead(Ii) Uptake By Mesquite (Prosopis Sp.): A Novel Method To Remediate Heavy Metals, Jack A. Arias

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The indiscriminate disposal of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) containing wastes has resulted in a detrimental impact on environmental health. Lead and Cr are in the EPA priority list due to their degree of toxicity on humans, animals, plants, and other living organisms. The removal of toxic wastes involves technologies that are expensive, sometimes incomplete, and could represent health hazards. In addition, site restoration after contaminant removal encompasses time and technological resources. Phytoremediation, the use of plants alone or associated with microorganisms, represents a potentially cost-effective option in the long term management of contaminated sites. Various plants known as "hyperaccumulators" …

Evaluation Of Glyphosate-Tolerant And Conventional Alfalfa Weed Control Systems During The First Year Of Establishment, Robert Wilson Jr., Paul Burgener

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A field trial was conducted for 3 yr (2005 through 2007) near Scottsbluff, NE, to examine weed control, crop safety, forage production, and economics of glyphosate-tolerant and conventional alfalfa establishment systems. Glyphosate applied to alfalfa at the unifoliate growth stage provided 67% weed control and was similar to imazamox applied at the two-trifoliate leaf stage. Delaying glyphosate application until alfalfa had reached the two-trifoliate growth stage improved weed control to 83%, and weed control was similar to imazamox plus 2,4-DB and imazethapyr plus 2,4-DB. Imazamox and imazethapyr caused minor crop injury, and the addition of bromoxynil or 2,4-DB to both …

Towards Elimination And Genetic Manipulation Of Ergot Alkaloid Production In Fungal Endophytes, Simona Florea

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes provide several ecological benefits to their hosts. Besides improving host’s growth characteristics, Neotyphodium coenophialum, the endophyte of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum), produces ergot alkaloids that have been proposed to be involved in fescue toxicosis. One approach to address the toxicosis problem is to genetically manipulate and modify N. coenophialum by knocking out a pair of homologous genes, (dmaW1 and dmaW2), encoding dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, the enzyme for the first and determinant step in ergot-alkaloid biosynthesis. In this study, disruption of dmaW2 was attempted using several disruption methods. Out of 1522 transformants screened, three …

Ecology And Molecular Phylogenetics Of Hydnora (Hydnoraceae) In Southern Africa, Jay Francis Bolin

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The Hydnoraceae are a clade of root holoparasitic angiosperms that contain two small genera, Hydnora and Prosopanche. This study, focused on Hydnora, presents novel data regarding the pollination biology, germination ecology, parasite-host nutritional relationships, and the molecular systematics of this group. Experimental addition of the primary pollinator, Dermestes maculatus to Hydnora africana chamber flowers demonstrated beetle imprisonment during the carpellate stage. Changes in the inner surfaces of the androecial chamber allowed beetle escape after pollen release. Most beetles escaped, dusted with viable pollen, three days after pollen release. To investigate germination ecology, aqueous root extracts of host and …

Effects Of Olfactory And Visual Predators On Nest Success And Nest-Site Selection Of Waterfowl In North Dakota, Jennifer Borgo

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

No abstract provided.

Early Season Weed Suppression In Buckwheat Using Clopyralid, Ona Sakaliene, Sharon A. Clay, William C. Koskinen, Gediminas Almantas

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Currently there are no herbicides registered for direct application to buckwheat for broadleaf weed control. This 4-yr Lithuanian study examined weed control using several rates of clopyralid alone or combined with a single rate of desmedipham. Most applications were applied at the 1-leaf stage of crop growth, however, one rate of clopyralid was applied pre-emergence (PRE) in 2 of the 4 yr. Buckwheat injury was evident within a few days after application (or emergence) with all treatments, but by harvest, no symptoms were evident. In the 2 yr with greatest weed densities, densities were reduced with increasing clopyralid rates alone …

Forage News [2008-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Improved Grass Varieties Benefit Farmers
• Alfalfa and the Environment
• Grass May Help Balance Hot Dairy Diets
• Ethanol Maker Files for Bankruptcy Relief
• Pricing Hay: Consider Plant Nutrient Value
• Performance and Physiology of Steers Grazing Toxic Tall Fescue as Influenced by Feeding Soybean Hulls and Steroidal Implants
• Upcoming Events

Efficient Utilization Of Water And Nitrogen Resources For Grain Sorghum Under Rainfed Conditions, Akwasi A. Abunyewa

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth world leading cereal after maize, wheat, rice and barley. The crop can yield reasonably well under adverse conditions of low soil water and high temperature. A three year field study was conducted in a transect across Nebraska where annual mean precipitation ranges from 300 to 900 mm yr^-1 to evaluate management practices to optimize yield potential under water limiting conditions. Loss in grain yield due to planting configurations ranged from 20 to 30% with skip-row configurations compared to conventional planting configuration (s0) at the site with greatest precipitation. At …

No Acute Effects Of Grape Juice On Appetite, Implicit Memory And Mood, Sara J. Hendrickson, Richard D. Mattes

Botanicals Research Center for Age-Related Diseases Publications

Background: Animal experiments document effects of grape juice on cognitive performance and motor skills, and observational studies in humans suggest an inverse association between flavonoid intake and cognitive decline. These effects may be related to the antioxidant properties of polyphenols. Juice consumption and flavonoid intake may also affect appetite. Objective: To study the acute effects of grape juice consumption on appetite, mood and implicit memory during a time of increased lethargy - the post-lunch dip. Design: Thirty-five participants with a mean age of 26 years who smoked a mean of 11 cigarettes/day for 8 years were included in the study. …