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Bds: An Alternative Medium For Regeneration And Growth Of Multiple Plant Species In Vitro, Michael Brian Greenway

Student Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to test the BDS (Dunstan and Short, 1977) basal salt formulation as an exemplary medium choice for in vitro applications utilizing rice, maize, soybean, cotton, onion, tobacco, muscadine, raspberry, and gerbera. The applications included: callus growth, plant regeneration, hairy root growth, production of secondary metabolites, and micropropagation. Two commonly used basal salt formulations MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and B5 (Gamborg et al., 1968) were included as treatments in the experiments along with BCA, a version of BDS with MS level of calcium. BDS or BCA were comparable or superior to MS and B5 …

Managing Complexity In Modern Farming, Ross Kingwell

Natural Resources Research Articles

Modern farming in Australia is no longer simple. Farms are large, multi-enterprise businesses underpinned by expensive capital investments, changing production technologies, volatile markets and social challenges. The complexity of modern broadacre farming leads to the question: what is the nature of the relationship between farm business complexity and farm profitability? This study uses bioeconomic farm modelling and employs eight measures of complexity to examine the profitability and complexity of a wide range of broadacre farming systems in Australia. Rank order correlations between farm profitability and each measure of complexity show inconsistent relationships, although the most profitable farming systems are found …

Systematics And Biogeography Of The Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales), Brad R. Ruhfel

Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research

The clusioids are a clade of flowering plants in the diverse rosid order Malpighiales. It includes five families (i.e., Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae sensu stricto, Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae) that form a conspicuous element of tropical forests worldwide and are economically important. Their phylogenetic and biogeographical history has remained uncertain, however, which has hindered our understanding of their evolution. I conducted the first taxon-rich multigene analysis of this important clade to clarify their phylogenetic relationships (Chapter 1). Plastid (cp:matK, ndhF, and rbcL) and mitochondrial (mt: matR) nucleotide sequence data from nearly 200 taxa produced a well-resolved clusioid phylogeny and indicate that several …

Utilization Of Compatible Technology International (Cti) Grinders For Sorghum Flour Production In Central America, Vilma Ruth Calderón, Kris Duville, Lily Lopez, Lloyd Rooney, Carla Bermudez, Yesenia Chacon, Elliiana Pinilla

INTSORMIL Presentations

Slides discussing efforts by the Centro Nacionál de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal (CENTA) to raise awareness of sorghum products and technologies. Programs highlighted include CENTA's collaboration with the Foundation for International Medical Relief of Children (FIRMC) Nutritional Program, and the progress in the distribution and use of sorghum grinders in El Salvador.

Report Of Nine Sorghum Flour Workshops, Report For Intsormil; Subject: “Utilization Of Cti Grinders For Small Scale Sorghum Flour Production In Central America”, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

In Nicaragua, Sorghum grain has been a crops using only for animal feed. Fortunately Scientifics have been researched about its nutritional sorghum grain properties and some of the country that they have been interested to bring the technology about sorghum flour has been Nicaragua because its growths in 3 big areas; in the north, south and west region. Now, that is knew their characteristics and others, so INTA and INTSORMIL are diffusing the technology about sorghum flour to increase the production of sorghum grain, reduce the cost production of bread and some ethnics drinks, to improve the food security and …

Temperature Increase Effects On Sagebrush Ecosystem Forbs: Exprimental Evidence And Range Manager Perspectives, Hilary Louise Whitcomb

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

No abstract provided.

Phylogeny Of The Clusioid Clade (Malpighiales): Evidence From The Plastid And Mitochonrial Genomes, Brad R. Ruhfel, Volker Bittrich, Claudia A. Bove, Mats H.G. Gustafsson, C. Thomas Philbrick, Rolf Rutsihauser, Zhenxiang Xi, Charles C. Davis

Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research

• Premise of the study : The clusioid clade includes five families (i.e., Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae s.s., Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae) represented by 94 genera and ~1900 species. Species in this clade form a conspicuous element of tropical forests worldwide and are important in horticulture, timber production, and pharmacology. We conducted a taxon-rich multigene phylogenetic analysis of the clusioids to clarify phylogenetic relationships in this clade. • Methods : We analyzed plastid ( matK , ndhF , and rbcL ) and mitochondrial ( matR ) nucleotide sequence data using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Our combined data set included 194 …

Terrestrial Macrofungi Of Illinois Old-Growth Prairie Groves, Scott J. Meiners, Andrew Methven, Vincent P. Hustad

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

ABSTRACT.—Macrofungi from two old-growth prairie grove remnants in the Midwestern United States (Brownfield and Trelease Woods. Champaign Co., IL ) were surveyed over two summer and fall fruiting periods. Communities of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Myxomycètes were sampled and compared using multivariate statistical analyses. Standard estimations of species richness were calculated for comparison with other studies of fungal diversity. Environmental factors (rainfall, humidity, air temperature and soil temperature at 10 cm depth) as well as leaf litter composition, and woody plant communities were surveyed to assess their impact on fungal communities. Fungal community structure was found to differ significandy both between …

Estimating The Potential Returns To Research And Development From Sorghum Value Added Products In El Salvador And Nicaragua, Jaeljattin R. Jaen Celada

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a drought tolerant crop able to adapt to hot and dry weather. It has excellent chemical and physical properties, which make it a grain of good quality for processing different types of products. This research is an impact assessment study that estimated the potential impacts of new uses of sorghum by using an equilibrium displacement model. The data used was drawn from interviews developed in July 2011.Using total quantity production, prices, prices elasticities and cost shares 8 potential market scenarios were simulated. Results between countries were similar. Thus, the analysis was applied for both countries. …

The Effect Of Nitrogen Soil Concentration On Leaf Fluorescence In Zea Mays, Ashton Garbutt, Daniel Rossie, Anup Solsi

Featured Research

Macronutrients in the soil are essential to the growth and development of a plant. One of the most important nutrients to a plants growth is nitrogen. Nitrogen has been directly correlated to photosynthetic output in various studies and this relationship is the subject of this experiment. Since nitrogen has an effect on photosynthetic rate, there should be a correlation between nitrogen and fluorescence – a form of energy dissipation. This study attempted to show that nitrogen concentration in the soil is inversely proportional to fluorescence of the plant because the more nitrogen in the soil, the more energy should be …

Dry Matter Production And Leaf Elemental Concentrations Of Rambutan Grown On An Acid Ultisol, Ricardo Goenaga

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Little is known about the adaptability of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) to highly acidic soils rich in aluminum (Al). A 2-yr field study was conducted to determine the effects of various levels of soil Al on dry matter production, plant growth, and nutrient concentration in the leaves of four cultivars of rambutan. Cultivars and the cultivar x year interaction were not statistically significant for most variables measured in the study. Total, leaf, petiole, stem and root dry weights significantly increased at soil Al concentrations ranging from 0.67 cmol kg⁻¹ to 11.0 cmol kg⁻¹. At this range …

Twentieth-Century Trends In Essential Fatty Acid Intakes And The Predicted Omega-3 Index: Evidence Versus Estimates, William S. Harris, David M. Klurfeld

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Although the health benefits of omega-3 (n–3) fatty acids are widely appreciated, those of the omega-6 (n–6) fatty acids have become somewhat controversial in recent years, with some viewing them as harmful at current intakes (1, 2) and others (3) [including the American Heart Association (4)] supporting the status quo. Understanding the relations between intakes of these essential fatty acids and disease prevalence over time could inform the debate. To that end, this issue of the Journal contains a report by Blasbalg et al (5) that attempts to reconstruct those intakes and, from this information, to estimate fatty acid tissue …

The Ability Of Selected Pupal Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) To Locate Stable Fly Hosts In A Soiled Equine Bedding Substrate, Jimmy B. Pitzer, Phillip E. Kaufman, Christopher Geden, Jerome A. Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The ability of Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, and Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner to locate and attack stable fly hosts was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Postfeeding third-instar stable fly larvae were released and allowed to pupate in two arena types: large 4.8 liter chambers containing a field-collected, soiled equine bedding substrate; or 120-ml plastic cups containing wood chips. At the time of fly pupariation, parasitoids were released and permitted 72 h to locate and attack hosts. On average, parasitism rates of freely accessible stable fly pupae in cups were not significantly different between parasitoid species. However, parasitism rates …

Dietary Wheat Germ Oil Influences Gene Expression In Larvae And Eggs Of The Oriental Fruit Fly, Thomas A. Coudron, Chiou Ling Chang, Cynthia L. Goodman, David Stanley

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Changes in animal nutrition, particularly essential dietary components, alter global gene expression patterns. Our goal is to identify molecular markers that serve as early indicators of the quality of insect culture media. Markers of deficient culture media will increase the efficiency of developing optimal systems for mass rearing beneficial insects and some pest species because decisions on culture media quality can be made without waiting through one or several life cycles. The objective of our current study is to discover molecular markers of essential dietary lipid deficiency in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. We reared groups of fruit …

Outcrossing And Crossbreeding Recovers Deteriorated Traits In Laboratory Cultured Steinernema Carpocapsae Nematodes, John M. Chaston, Adler R. Dillman, David I. Shapiro-Ilan, Anwar L. Bilgrami, Randy Gaugler, Keith R. Hopper, Byron J. Adams

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The nematode Steinernema carpocapsae infects and kills many pest insects in agro-ecosystems and is commonly used in biocontrol of these pests. Growth of the nematodes prior to distribution for biocontrol commonly results in deterioration of traits that are essential for nematode persistence in field applications. To better understand the mechanisms underlying trait deterioration of the efficacy of natural parasitism in entomopathogenic nematodes, we explored the maintenance of fitness related traits including reproductive capacity, heat tolerance, virulence to insects and ‘tail standing’ (formerly called nictation) among laboratory-cultured lines derived from natural, randomly mating populations of S. carpocapsae. Laboratory cultured nematode …

Identification Of Wild Apple Germplasm (Malus Spp.) Accessions With Resistance To The Postharvest Decay Pathogens Penicillium Expansum And Colletotrichum Acutatum, W. M. Jurick Ii, W. J. Janisiewicz, R. A. Saftner, I. Vico, V. L. Gaskins, E. Park, P. L. Forsline, G. Fazio, W. S. Conway

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Penicillium expansum and Colletotrichum acutatum cause blue mould and bitter rot of apples during storage which results in significant economic losses. Resistance to these pathogens in commercial apple cultivars has not been documented in the literature. An apple germplasm collection, from the centre of origin in Kazakhstan, is maintained in Geneva, New York. This collection represents a more diverse apple gene pool than commercial cultivars and was evaluated for resistance to the pathogens that cause blue mould and bitter rot. Resistance reactions were skewed towards susceptibility for both fungi and comprised the majority of accessions examined. However, resistance to P. …

Nutritional Plane And Selenium Supply During Gestation Affect Yield And Nutrient Composition Of Colostrum And Milk In Primiparous Ewes, A. M. Meyer, J. J. Reed, T. L. Neville, J. F. Thorson, K. R. Maddock-Carlin, J. B. Taylor, L. P. Reynolds, D. A. Redmer, J. S. Luther, C. J. Hammer, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Caton

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The objectives were to investigate effects of nutritional plane and Se supply during gestation on yield and nutrient composition of colostrum and milk in first parity ewes. Rambouillet ewe lambs (n = 84, age = 240 ± 17 d, BW = 52.1 ± 6.2 kg) were allocated to 6 treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial array. Factors included Se [adequate Se (ASe, 11.5 µg/ kg of BW) or high Se (HSe, 77.0 µg/kg of BW)] initiated at breeding, and nutritional plane [60 (RES), 100 (CON), or 140% (HIH) of requirements] initiated at d 40 of gestation. Ewes were fed …

Putting The Whole Grain Puzzle Together: Health Benefits Associated With Whole Grains—Summary Of American Society For Nutrition 2010 Satellite Symposium, Satya S. Jonnalagadda, Lisa Harnack, Rui Hai Liu, Nicola Mckeown, Chris Seal, Simin Liu, George C. Fahey

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The symposium “Putting the Whole Grain Puzzle Together: Health Benefits Associated with Whole Grains” sponsored by the ASN brought together researchers to review the evidence regarding the health benefits associated with whole grains. Current scientific evidence indicates that whole grains play an important role in lowering the risk of chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, and also contribute to body weight management and gastrointestinal health. The essential macro- and micronutrients, along with the phytonutrients present in whole grains, synergistically contribute to their beneficial effects. Current evidence lends credence to the recommendations to incorporate whole grain foods …

Mapping And Analysing The Diversity Of The Genus Acantholimon Taxa In Turkey By Geographic Information Systems (Gis), Hakan Mete Doğan, Musa Doğan, Gali̇p Akaydin, Ferhat Celep

Turkish Journal of Botany

We describe the spatial distribution of the genus Acantholimon Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) taxa in Turkey, and assess the role that environmental variables may be playing on this distribution. We collected a large number of specimens from 418 geo-referenced sampling sites between 2000 and 2004, and established a point database using geographic information systems (GIS) software. As a result, we identified and mapped 67 taxa; 43 of the determined taxa appear to be endemic. We re-evaluated the current conservation status of the taxa at a national level using recent IUCN Red List categories. In addition, we extracted the corresponding environmental variables of …

Nebline, January 2011

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Tightening Your Belt in Tough Times

Farm Views

Horticulture

Food & Fitness

Home & Family Living

Environmental Focus

Urban Agriculture

4-H & Youth

Community Focus

Extension Calendar

Nutrition Education Program

Family and Community Education (FCE) Clubs

and other extension news and events

Annual Report Special Pullout Section

2011 Spring Seed Book, Nebraska Crop Improvement Association

Nebraska Crop Improvement Association Seed Guides

FOUNDATION SEED

PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION ACT and HOW IT BENEFITS YOU!

TURFGRASSES

PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES

SPRING WHEAT

SPRING BARLEY

OATS

OAT VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS - 2011

MILLET

MILLET VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS  2011

FIELD PEAS

HYBRID SEED CORN

NEBRASKA SEED QUALITY ASSURANCE® PROGRAM

SOYBEANS BUYERS’ NOTICE

APPROVED SEED CONDITIONERS

CUSTOM CERTIFIED CONDITIONERS

2010 NCIA MEMBERS

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of In Vitro Competition On Shoot Regeneration From Hypocotyl Explants Of Linum Usitatissimum, Mustafa Yildiz, Çağlayan Sağlik, Cansu Telci̇ Kahramanoğullari, Emi̇ne Gülden Erkiliç

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between in vitro competition and stress, and their effects on tissue culture response of Linum usitatissimum L. hypocotyl explants. Competition among explants was achieved by varying the spacing among the explants cultured. Four different culture spacing distances were used: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm. Six weeks after culture initiation, hypocotyl fresh and dry weights, shoot regeneration percentage, shoot number per hypocotyl, regenerated shoot length, total shoot number per petri dish, and total chlorophyll content were recorded. The results showed that encouraging competition among explants by decreasing spacing among them from …

Comparison Of Growing Media For Container Grown Plants, Paul Harris, David Longer, Derrick Oosterhuis, Dimitra Loka

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments are conducted worldwide in efforts to produce solutions that would increase yields of agronomic crops. However, the results of those experiments vary due to the many growth media being used. An experiment was conducted in the fall of 2010 to identify a broadly acceptable growth media that would produce uniform stands and optimum results in greenhouse and growth chamber settings. A total of six growth media were tested on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at the Arkansas Agricutural Research and Extension Center’s Altheimer Lab in Fayetteville. The plants grown in each medium were harvested six weeks after …

Role Of The Sexual Cycle In Development Of Genotypic And Phenotypic Diversity In Gibberella Zeae, Sladana Bec

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) is a homothallic ascomycete pathogen that is responsible for causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and small grains. In addition to causing a reduction in yield, harvested grain is frequently contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins that are harmful for human and animal health. Use of wheat varieties with resistance to FHB is an important strategy to lower its impact. In order to produce varieties with durable resistance, we must understand the origin and degree of genetic diversity present in the pathogen population. In my research, I focused my efforts on an investigation of the …

Antioxidant And Antihypertensive Activities Of Rice Bran Peptides, Janika Hull, Arvind Kannan, Navam S. Hettiarachchy

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Protein isolates and peptide fractions from food sources (cereal grains), have been shown to exert bioactive properties including antiobesity, anticancer, antiangiogenic, etc. One such food source is rice bran, which is an underutilized co-product of rough rice milling. It contains 90% of the nutrients and nutraceuticals of value to health, including high quality protein. The high quality protein is a potential source to generate peptides that can reduce hypertension and oxidative stress, both being important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to extract peptide hydrolysates from heat stabilized defatted rice bran by enzymatic hydrolysis, evaluate …

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 12 2011, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Properties Of Gluten-Free Pasta Prepared From Rice And Different Starches, Alexandria W. Mertz, Ya-Jane Wang

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Rice is one of the few cereal products that does not contain gluten. However, the absence of gluten poses problems in the structure of and cooking quality of rice pasta. The objective of this project was to investigate the addition of starch on the physicochemical properties and cooking quality of rice-based pasta. Rice-based pasta was prepared from parboiled long-grain rice flour with the addition of 25% cooked starch from different sources. The color and pasting properties of the ground pasta flour were measured by a chroma meter and a Rapid Visco Analyser, respectively. The pasta was cooked to the optimum …