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Growing South Dakota (Spring/Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station 2019 Annual Report.

[Page] 2 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Update
[Page] 4 Featured Research
[Page] 14 Graduate and Undergraduate Research: In Our Own Words
[Page] 20 Featured Research
[Page] 32 Research in Progress
[Page] 38 CAFES News and Updates
[Page] 56 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Developing A High-Throughput Method To Screen Soybean Germplasm For Hypoxia Tolerance In Hydroponic Systems, Derrick Harrison

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine max (Merr.)], the second most planted crop in the United States, is sensitive to field flooding due to depletion of oxygen and accumulation of CO2 in the rhizosphere. There is a need to breed cultivars that are adapted to areas prone to flooding, but field evaluations in the U.S. are limited because of time (one generation per year) and availability of resources (impermeable soils, irrigation, equipment to build levees). The purpose of this study was to develop and execute a protocol of germplasm screening for hypoxia tolerance using hydroponics in a controlled greenhouse environment. Germination rates and vigor …

Photosynthetic Activity And Yield Of Pegaga (Hydrocotyle Bonariensis) Grown Under Natural And Artificial Light, Narayanan Indiran Nair

Student Works (2020-2029)

Large leaf pennywort (Hydrocotyle bonariensis) also known as Pegaga in Malaysia, is an herb belonging to the family Araliaceae and commonly used as a culinary leafy vegetable and in preparation of traditional medicines to treat various symptoms of ophthalmic diseases and eczema. The plant is also used as an emetic, diuretic and laxative. With the increasing demand for H. bonariensis by the herbal industry, sourcing plant materials from natural habitats is no longer an economically viable or environmentally sustainable proposition. H. bonariensis is highly sensitive to direct sunlight exposure and water scarcity, which makes successful farming dependent on weather conditions …

Assessment Of Biochemical Changes During Fermentation Process For Production Of Traditional Fermented Cassava Meal “Mchuchume”, Severino Alphonce, Lilian Kaale

Tanzania Journal of Science

“Mchuchume” is a ready to eat fermented cassava food whose production is accomplished by a consortium of microorganisms, some of which may be probiotic in nature and others pathogens to humans and of no use in the fermenting system. This work made characterization of biochemical changes evolved at different times in local (open) and biotechnological (closed) fermentation methods. The study also assessed organoleptic properties of final products. Acidification was observed in the retting water as pH ranged from 6.32 to 4.25 and titratable acidity from 0.02% to 0.32%. A decrease in total reducing sugars (6.59 to 4.03 mg/g) in fermenting …

Extraction, Derivatization, Characterization And Antifungal Investigation Of Limonene From Citrus Sinensis Peels, Ita Uwidia, Bodunde Owolabi, Richard Okafor

Tanzania Journal of Science

Limonene, a cyclic monoterpene is the main component in citrus oils. Oranges (Citrus sinensis) were sourced from a local market, peeled and the peels collected for this study. The orange peels were distilled using steam distillation to obtain the oil. The oil obtained was then distilled to obtain a pure colourless form of limonene (95%). The limonene (2 ml) was dissolved in dry chloroform (25 ml) and freshly distilled hydroiodic acid (57%; boiling point 127 °C) to give the derivative iodo-limonene (1.4 g; 30% yield). Another reaction of epoxidation of limonene was carried out by reacting limonene with hydrogen peroxide …

Comparative In Vitro Antioxidant Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Garcinia Kola And Buchholzia Coriacea Seeds, Abdulkadir Abubakar, Moshood Olorunkemi, Musa Busari, Rabiat Hamzah, Tawakaltu Abdulrasheed-Adeleke

Tanzania Journal of Science

Comparative in vitro antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola and Buchholzia coriacea seeds were carried out using 2, 2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation assays. Total phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids constituents of the samples were also determined. G. kola seeds contained higher concentrations of secondary metabolites compared to B. coriacea seeds except flavonoids. Both G. kola and B. coriacea exhibited minimum percentage inhibition when compared with the gallic acid. However, B. coriacea exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage DPPH scarvenging activities (44.66%) when compared with G. kola (43.62%) at maximum concentration of 100 µg/mL. G. kola on the other hand, showed higher percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation when compared with B. coriacea at all tested concentrations. Percentage FRAP by B. coriacea was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than G. kola at 100 µg/mL (46.65%, and 38.35%, respectively) and 50 µg/mL (38.75%, and 46.05%, respectively), while lower percentage FRAP of the G. kola than B. coriacea were recorded at 25 µg/mL (24.26% and 38.24%, respectively) and 12.5 µg/mL (34.41% and 37.41%, respectively). Therefore, Garcinia kola and B. coriacea showed appreciable antioxidant activities at varying concentrations and this may be due to the presence of various phenolic compounds in both samples Keywords:    Buchholzia coriacea; Garcinia kola; Antioxidant; DPPH free radicals; Secondary metabolites.

Long‐Term Cattle Grazing Affected Specific Leaf Area And Its Components In Two Range Plant Species, Xuejun Dong, Paul Nyren, Bob Patton, Brian Kreft, Anne Nyren

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Leaf Traits Can Be Used To Predict Rates Of Litter Decomposition, Marc Rosenfield, Jennifer L. Funk, Jason K. Keller, Catrina Clausen, Kimberlee Cyphers

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Strong relationships exist between litter chemistry traits and rates of litter decomposition. However, leaf traits are more commonly found in online trait databases than litter traits and fewer studies have examined how well leaf traits predict litter decomposition rates. Furthermore, while bulk leaf nitrogen (N) content is known to regulate litter decomposition, few studies have explored the importance of N biochemistry fractions, such as protein and amino acid concentration. Here, we decomposed green leaves and naturally senesced leaf litter of nine species representing a wide range of leaf functional traits. We evaluated the ability of traits associated with leaf and …

Genome-Wide Snp Identification And Association Mapping For Seed Mineral Concentration In Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.), Xingbo Wu, A.S.M. Faridul Islam, Naransa Limpot, Lucas Mackasmiel, Jerzy Mierzwa, Andrés J. Cortés, Matthew W. Blair

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) quality is dependent on seed chemical composition, which in turn determines the benefits of its consumption for human health and nutrition. While mung bean is rich in a range of nutritional components, such as protein, carbohydrates and vitamins, it remains less well studied than other legume crops in terms of micronutrients. In addition, mung bean genomics and genetic resources are relatively sparse. The objectives of this research were three-fold, namely: to develop a genome-wide marker system for mung bean based on genotyping by sequencing (GBS), to evaluate diversity of mung beans available to breeders …

Alteration Of Tobacco Alkaloid Content Through Modification Of Specific Cytochrome P450 Genes, Ralph E. Dewey, Balazs Siminszky, Steven W. Bowen, Lily Gavilano

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

Compositions and methods for reducing the level of nornicotine and N'-nitrosonomicotine (NNN) in Nicotiana plants and plant parts thereof are provided. The compositions comprise isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides for cytochrome P450s that are involved in the metabolic con- version of nicotine to nornicotine in these plants. Expression cassettes, vectors, plants, and plant parts thereof comprising inhibitory sequences that target expression or function of the disclosed cytochrome P450 polypeptides are also provided. Methods for the use of these novel sequences to inhibit expression or function of cytochrome P450 polypeptides involved in this metabolic conversion are also provided. The methods find use …

Effects Of Atriplex Canescens On Planted Areas In Iran, M. A. Zare Chahouki, Mohammad Jafari, Hossein Azarnivand, M. Shafi Zadeh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Changes Of Proline Content In Leaves Of Two Alfalfa Cultivars With Different Salt Tolerance Undersalt Stress, Xiaoshan Wang, Jianguo Han, Yanjing Su

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Study On Leaf Production Of Alfalfa At Different Planting Densities, Z. F. Wang, A. K. Xu, H. Z. Yu, Y. C. Zhou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Dynamic Change Of Production And Botanical Composition In Trifolium Repens And Perennial Grass Mixtures Over 20 Years In The Karst Region, Southwest China, Yuansu Wang, Fuzeng Hong, Qingrong Wa, Alan Mcdermott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Dynamics Of Reproductive Allocation Of Reproductive Tillers In Stipa Baicalansis Populations On The Songnen Plains, China, Tiezhi Wang, Yunfei Yang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Cover Cropping In Soybean-Corn Rotation System: Economic, Agronomic, And Soil Fertility Impact, Jose Rodolfo Mite

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Planting winter-annual cover crops prevent soil erosion, reduces water runoff, and improves soil structure and soil quality. This research was conducted from 2017 to 2019 to evaluate the nutrient turnover of different species of cover crops in soils under different row crop production systems in Northeast and Central Louisiana. In Northeast Louisiana (Site 1, 2, and 3), treatments (cover crops and no cover crop) were arranged in a strip trial with three replications. At the Ben Hur Research Station, the treatments included three planting dates (September, October, and November) with [7 kg ha^-1 of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)] …

Nebline, June/July 2020

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Top 5 Ag Topics From 5 Years

7 Tips for Successfully Baking as a Family

Recipe of the Month

Timing Your Fruit Harvesting Apples, Pears & Plums

Paper Wasps and Yellow Jackets

Severe Weather Preparedness and COVID-19

Time to Look for Bagworms

Garden Guide: What to Do This Month

5 Tips for Working Remotely from Home and Caring for Children During COVID-19

HEART OF 4-H VOLUNTEER AWARD: Grace Kim

HEART OF 4-H VOLUNTEER AWARD: Greater Lincoln Obedience Club

4-H/FFA Livestock Booster Club Scholarships Due July 6

Video Companion Animal (and Cat and Pet Rabbit) Showmanship Entries Due Aug. 10

Horse …

Use Of Different Agro-Wastes In The Cultivation Of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacq.) Kummer, Mary O. Iwuagwu, Deborah S. Nwaukwa, Chidi E. Nwaru

Journal of Bioresource Management

Agro-wastes are abundant in both rural and urban areas and when carelessly disposed off to the environment by dumping or burning, they lead to environmental pollution, and consequently to health hazards. Growing of edible mushroom on these wastes can contribute to decrease in environment pollution. This work investigated the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus on different agro-wastes: plantain midrib (PM), corn straw (CS), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and their combinations (PM+CS, PM+SB, CS+SB, CS+PM+SB) with a view to finding the best substrate for the growth of P. ostreatus. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design with seven treatments …

Land Application Of Sewage Sludge: Physiological And Biochemical Response Of The Rio Grande Tomato, Nabil Charchar, Ali Elafri, Redwane Rais, Halassi Ismahen

Journal of Bioresource Management

Treated wastewater produces sewage sludge as a by-product that may have beneficial implications on agricultural practices. The effects of sludge amendments on growth, morphological and biochemical characteristics of the agro-industrial Tomato cultivar Rio Grande were observed. A pot culture experiment was carried out during 4 months (16 February 2019 to 18 June 2019), at an experimental green house in the locality of Salah Soufi, Guelma, north-eastern Algeria. There were significant differences between soil and sewage sludge samples. Total nitrogen (20.58 mg/kg) was more available in sewage sludge than in soil (N = 2.09 ± 0.3 mg/kg). In contrast, sludge …

Microbiome Diversity In Diaphorina Citri Populations From Kenya And Tanzania Shows Links To China, Inusa J. Ajene, Inusa J. Ajene, Inusa J. Ajene, Fathiya M. Khamis, Barbara Van Asch, Gerhard Pietersen, Brenda A. Rasowo, Fidelis L. Ombura, Anne W. Wairimu, Komivi S. Akutse, Mamoudou Sétamou, Samira Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is a key pest of Citrus spp. worldwide, as it acts as a vector for "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)", the bacterial pathogen associated with the destructive Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Recent detection of D. citri in Africa and reports of Las-associated HLB in Ethiopia suggest that the citrus industry on the continent is under imminent threat. Endosymbionts and gut bacteria play key roles in the biology of arthropods, especially with regards to vector-pathogen interactions and resistance to antibiotics. Thus, we aim to profile the bacterial genera and to identify antibiotic resistance genes within the microbiome …

Sustainable Recultivation And Land Use On Karst Regions--Shrub System, Z. Q. Lai, S, M. Qin, Y. R. Chen, S. Z. Qin, M. Pogacnik, X. F. Yi, N. Yao, Y. L. Liang, D. Kompan, X. Su

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Seed Structural Variability And Germination Capacity In Passiflora Edulis Sims F. Edulis, Nohra Rodríguez Castillo, Luz Marina Melgarejo, Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Purple passion fruit, Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis, is an important semi-perennial, fruit bearing vine originating in South America that produces a commercial tropical juice pulp for international and national consumption. Within the round purple passion fruit are a large number of membranous seed sacs each containing individual seeds. Little is known about the seed anatomy of the commercial passion fruit, differences between wild collected and commercial types, and its effect on seedling germination. Therefore, our main objective for this study was to analyze the seed anatomy variability of different germplasm as well as the effect on viability and …

Characterizing Variation In Nitrogen Use Efficiency In Wheat Genotypes Using Proximal Canopy Sensing For Sustainable Wheat Production, Mohammed A. Naser, Raj Khosla, Louis Longchamps, Subash Dahal

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Global nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal production is marginal and is estimated to be about 33%. Remote sensing tools have tremendous potential for improving NUE in crops through efficient nitrogen management as well as the identification of high-NUE genotypes. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify and quantify the variation in NUE across 24 winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) and (ii) to determine if the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) could characterize the variability in NUE across wheat genotypes. This study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the semi-arid climate of Northeastern Colorado across dryland …

Morphological Changes Associated With Forage Quality In Temperate Pastures Fertilized With Nitrogen In Autumn, M. L. Gatti, A. Ayala Torales, G. Acosta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Unravelling The Mechanisms Behind The Invasion Of An Introduced And Now Undesirable Grass Species, Jennifer Firn, Yvonne Buckley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Kura Clover (Trifolium Ambiguum) In Pastures For Western Canada, Jane R. King, Jennifer A. Walker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Isotopes As Natural Recorders Of Grassland Ecosystem Functioning And Change, Hans Schnyder, Karl Auerswald

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Including Arachis Pintoi In Tropical Forages Diets Megathyrsus Maximus And Brachiaria Humidicola On In Vitro Methane Production, Diana Marcela Valencia Echavarría, Luis Alfonso Giraldo Valderrama, Alexandra Torres, Alejandra Marín Gomez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ruminants have the capability to ferment structural carbohydrates found in forages and obtain from them a usable form of energy to produce high quality food, i.e milk and meat (Kamra et al., 2012). However, as a gaseous by-product from the enteric fermentation of those carbohydrates, methane is produced in a significant proportion, being considered as one of the most important greenhouse gases (GHG). In Colombian tropical livestock, inclusion of legumes in on poor quality grasses diets based have allowed an improvement of their nutritive quality, besides enteric methanogenesis reduction because their content of condensed tannins (CT); however, this is not …

Effect Of Selected Tanniniferous Leaves On In Vivo Enteric Methane Emission In Sheep, M. Saravanan, R. Bhatta, L. Baruah, P. K. Malik, N. Ravi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Concentration of methane is continuously increasing in atmosphere and now almost 155% (IPCC, 2007) more than that recorded during pre-industrial era. Livestock production is a major sector accountable for high methane emission into atmospheric pool. World’s livestock is contributing around 15% of total atmospheric methane on annual basis feeds (Moss et al., 2000). Additionally, methane emission from ruminants leads to a loss of 2 to 15% of the dietary energy (Holter and Young, 1992). Due to these two crucial issues, researchers are working tirelessly to find a suitable and effective way for enteric methane amelioration accompanied with minimal inputs. …

Methane Emission Estimated From Different Cattle Intake Data In Heifers Grazing A Tropical Pasture, José Augusto Imaz, O. Hernández, D. Dos Santos, A. Radrizzani, J. I. Arroquy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The quantification of methane (CH₄) from enteric fermentation related to cattle diet is a useful tool to identify strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. This is even important in tropical and subtropical regions due to the lack of CH₄ estimations in beef cattle, particularly from Bos Indicus breeds grazing tropical grasses (Kurihara et al., 1999). Several modelling approaches have been developed in order to predict CH₄ emission. However, the use of these models has limitations associated with uncertainty information required such as feed intake (FI), composition of the selected diet and animal responses (Gonzalez et …