Digital Commons Network^™

Androthrips Ramachandrai (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): An Introduced Thrips In The United States, David W. Boyd, Jr., David W. Held

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Androthrips ramachandrai Karny is an exotic thrips, assumed to be predacious, and is associated with gall-inducing thrips. It was first reported in the U.S. from FL, and intercepted in CA from Thailand in 2002. We surveyed Ficus spp. with Gynaikothrips-induced galls in AL, CA, FL, HI, LA, MS, and TX, and document that A. ramachandrai is now established in CA, FL, HI, and TX. It probably has been spread by the ornamental horticulture industry. We outline its biology and compare it to a congener A. flavipes, a documented thrips predator. Androthrips ramachandrai has the potential to be a …

Antifungal Activity Of Camptothecin, Trifolin, And Hyperoside Isolated From Camptotheca Acuminata, Shiyou Li, Zhizhen Zhang, Abigail Cain, Bo Wang, Melissa Long, Josephine Taylor

Faculty Publications

Leaf spots and root rots are major fungal diseases in Camptotheca acuminata that limit cultivation of the plant for camptothecin (CPT), a promising anticancer and antiviral alkaloid. Bioassays showed that pure CPT and flavonoids (trifolin and hyperoside) isolated from Camptotheca effectively control fungal pathogens in vitro, including Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Pestalotia guepinii, Drechslera sp., and Fusarium avenaceum, although antifungal activity of these compounds in the plant is limited. CPT inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 50% (EC₅₀) at 10−30 μg/mL and fully inhibited growth at 75−125 μg/mL. The flavonoids were less effective than CPT …

Ethylene Synthesis And Sensitivity In Crop Plants, Stephen P. Klassen, Bruce Bugbee

NASA

Closed and semi-closed plant growth chambers have long been used in studies of plant and crop physiology. These studies include the measurement of photosynthesis and transpiration via photosynthetic gas exchange. Unfortunately, other gaseous products of plant metabolism can accumulate in these chambers and cause artifacts in the measurements. The most important of these gaseous by products is the plant hormone ethylene (C2H4). In spite of hundreds of manuscripts on ethylene, we still have a limited understanding of the synthesis rates throughout the plant life cycle. We also have a poor understanding of the sensitivity of intact, rapidly growing plants to …

Reproductive Biology And Search Behavior Of Amitus Bennetti (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), A Parasitoid Of Bemisia Argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), Andrea L. Joyce, Thomas S. Bellows, Jr., David H. Headrick

Horticulture and Crop Science

No abstract provided.

Selective And Organotypic Culture Of Intrahepatic Bile Duct Cells From Adult Pig Liver, Neil C. Talbot, Thomas J. Caperna

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Secondary culture of nontransformed bile duct epithelium has been difficult to achieve. STO feeder cell-dependent secondary cultures of adult pig bile duct cells were established from primary cultures of adult pig liver cells. Adult pig hepatocytes exhibited limited or no replication and were lost from the secondary culture at Passage 3 or 4. In contrast, adult pig bile duct cells replicated and were carried for 4-8 passages in secondary culture. A simple method to produce nearly pure pig intrahepatic bile duct cultures was first to freeze a relatively crude liver cell preparation. Upon subsequent thawing, all hepatocytes and most macrophages …

Issues Concerning The Eradication Or Establishment And Biological Control Of The Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), In California, David H. Headrick, Richard D. Goeden

Horticulture and Crop Science

Classical biological control is suggested as a tool worth developing now for possible future use in the integrated pest management of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in California. Three factors that impact broadly on developing and implementing such a biological control program are: (1) the question of Medfly establishment, (2) quarantine considerations, and (3) agricultural and urban concerns. Each of these factors and their combined effects must be considered when discussing biological control of Medfly in California as shaped by historical perspectives on Medfly invasions, methods of Medfly eradication, and past biological control efforts against Medfly. We …

Using Confocal Microscopy In The Study Of Plant Structure And Development, Mark P. Running, Elliot M. Meyerowitz

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The widespread application of confocal laser scanning microscopy has revolutionized biological imaging. We have developed a protocol for using confocal microscopy to examine the development of wild type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana, overcoming the technical difficulties associated with examining whole-mounted plant tissue. This allowed us to rapidly determine the underlying cellular defects that lead to the morphological changes visible in several mutants, and has led to a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of floral organ number.

A Review Of The Nearctic Species Of The Thrips-Attacking Genus Ceranisus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), S. V. Triapitsyn, David H. Headrick

Horticulture and Crop Science

The thrips-attacking Eulophidae (subfamily Entedoninae) known from the Nearctic region are reviewed. One new species, Ceranisus loomansi, is described. Four other species of Ceranisus are redescribed and illustrated based mainly on a study of their type specimens as well as on additional material from Arizona, California, Hawaii, Mississippi and Japan. Lectotypes are designated for Ceranisus americensis (Girault), C. nubilipennis (Williams) and C. russelli (Crawford). A key to eight species belonging to four entedonine thrips-attacking genera is given, and host associations are indicated for those species.

Research : Co-Operation Is The New Style, John Hamblin, Ian Maling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Co-operative Research Centres, or CRCs as they are known, are a new trend in agricultural research. Instead of organisations such as Departments of Agriculture or universities pursuing their own individual research projects, sometimes in competition or covering similar fields, the idea is to combine talents and expertise. CRCs were a Federal Government initiative launched in 1990, and the Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture was the first involving agriculture in Western Australia.

Models To Predict Yield Loss Due To Weeds In Rice Ecosystems, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Yield loss models have been developed and evaluated for irrigated rice ecosystems with respect to effects of Echinochloa crusgalli. Simple regression models that give the relation between yield loss and weed density or relative leaf area are discussed with respect to their practical value in weed management in rice. More complex eco-physiological process models have been developed and used for rice ecosystems as well. Such models can be useful as a tool in research, whereas more simple approaches are needed for practical application in weed management.

Supplement To The 1987 Bibliography, Stephen L. Wood, Donald E. Bright Jr.

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Degradation Of Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Capsid Protein During Leaf Senescence, Myron K. Brakke, Rose N. Skopp, L. C. Lane

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Wheat streak mosaic virus capsid protein degraded in vivo by proteolysis as leaves senesced. The capsid protein of virus purified from young systemically infected leaves had an apparent size or 45 kDa in 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with minor amounts of 43, 42, 33, and 3E kDa proteins. The proportion of smaller proteins increased with the age of the leaf. In some virus preparations only 3 1 kDa capsid protein was detected. In vitro proteolysis of virions with 45 kDa protein produced virions with 31 kDa protein. Virions with 31 kDa capsid protein sedimented slightly more slowly than those …

Can Genetically Engineered Crops Become Weeds?, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

There are significant differences if the distribution of weedy characteristics among weeds, normal plants, and crops. The world’s most serious weeds possess on the average 10 or 11 of these characters, a random collection of British plants have an average seven of the traits, and crop plants only five. For the average crop to become as “weedy” as the average weed, it would need to acquire five weedy traits. Even using the unlikely assumption that those traits are single loci in which a dominant mutation would provide the weedy character, this would require the simultaneous acquisition of five gene substitutions. …

Immune, Growth And Carcass Responses Of Ram Lambs To Active Immunization Against Desulfated Cholecystokinin (Cck-8), W. E. Trout, J. C. Pekas, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study explored feed intake and carcass responses to active immunization against desulfated cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) in ram lambs. Antibody titers 8 wk following primary immunization and booster immunizations given at 4 and 6 wk averaged greater than 1:1,000. Titers increased to greater than 1:10,000 by 16 wk following a final booster immunization at 11 wk. The antibodies developed against desulfated CCK-8 exhibited 29% and 13% cross-reactivities for sulfated CCK-8 and gastrin-17, respectively. Immunization against desulfated CCK-8 had no effect on feed intake, ADG, carcass weight or carcass quality grade. Backfat thickness and carcass yield grade were reduced (P < .05) by immunization. Organ weights at slaughter, including those of the pancreas and small intestines, were not affected by CCK-8 immunization, with the exception of the lungs, which were 16% lighter (P < .01) in immunized lambs. In conclusion, active immunization against desulfated CCK-8 resulted in development of high antibody titers against desulfated and sulfated CCK-8. Immunization against CCK-8 decreased fat content of the carcass but failed to affect feed intake, carcass weight or ADG.

Adaptability Of Scanning Electron Microscopy To Studies Of Pollen Morphology, John J. Skvarla, John R. Rowley, William F. Chissoe

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

We have explored methods to achieve excellent results in study of the pollen grain wall by using only one electron microscope, the scanning electron microscope (SEM). While the secondary electron imaging mode, the most common in use, has great value in characterizing the exine surface it is possible to obtain a more comprehensive representation of pollen grain walls by expanding the capability of the secondary mode and making use of backscatter and transmission imaging detectors. In this way information is obtained about internal exine features that are likely to be more stable phylogenetically than the generally late-to-form surface structure. We …

T–Z, Anonymous, Stephen L. Wood, Donald E. Bright Jr.

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Soil Storage Methods And Soil Microbes On Carbofuran And Terbufos Degradation, Muriel Monteleone Runholt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to determine optimal soil storage methods for soils used in carbofuran and terbufos degradation studies. The effect of soil microbes on degradation was also observed. An LD₅₀ study, using 22 day old crickets (Acheta domestica), was undertaken to establish the appropriate LC dose for carbofuran in the soil storage studies. A carbofuran use history failure soil and a noninsecticide use history soil of the same type were collected from the SDSU experimental farm in Centerville, South Dakota. After initial degradation and microbial analysis, the soils were stored air-dried and with a moisture level …

The Occurence Of C4-Photosynthetic Plants In Cedar Glades, Jamie S. Ross

Honors Theses

This project began as a continuation and extension of upper level undergraduate biological study in Plant Taxonomy. It began over a year ago with the collection of plant specimens in the early spring of 1983 and continued throughout that year and into the summer of 1984. The latter half of the project entailed mainly laboratory and library work related to the plant specimens. Collecting was done in Chickamauga Battlefield and was made possible by the granting of a collecting permit by the National Park Service. The collection was restricted to herbaceous vascular plants and most of these were summer annuals. …

Kentucky's Ipm Program For Alfalfa, Chris M. Christensen

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a concept that encourages the use of a variety of strategies in the management of crop pests. It is very important to have an indepth understanding of the crop production system when implementing an IPM program. An IPM program is dynamic requiring a continual evaluation of the status of the crop, the associated pest complex, the effects of the pests and the biological deterrents to those pests. If a pest population gets "out of hand" and begins to cause economic damage, pest management techniques may need to be applied. These pest management measures may be …

Algal Response To A Thermal Effluent : Study Of A Power Station On The Provo River, Utah, Usa, Lorin E. Squires

Theses and Dissertations

The effect of a thermal effluent on the attached algae of the Provo River, Utah, USA, was studied from 1975 to 1977. Data for macroscopic and microscopic algae were collected and analyzed. Diatoms, Cladophora glomerata, and Hydrurus foetidus dominated the flora. The thermal effluent significantly affected the algal flora in a section of river 100 to 135 meters long immediately below the discharge point. Cladophora growth was increased and Hydrurus was absent in this area. In addition, diatom production was often higher and diversity lower than in the rest of the river. Community structure was unique from all other adjacent …

Environmental Interaction In Summer Algal Communities Of Utah Lake, Mark C. Whiting

Theses and Dissertations

Utah Lake is a shallow eutrophic lake located in central Utah. It is characterized by high nutrient and silt loads and by large algal blooms in late summer and early fall. Phytoplankton samples and environmental data were taken from June through August 1974. Phytoplankton species were identified and then quantified in a Palmer counting cell. Environmental continuum theory was employed to describe algal succession and regression analysis was used to discover interactions between algal communities and the environment. Phytoplankton communities in June were characterized by high species diversity. As the lake environment became stressed in late summer due to higher …

An Ecological Study Of The Algal Potamoplankton Communities Upstream And Downstream From A Sanitary Landfill On Riley Creek, Coles County, Illinois, Larry W. Coutant

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Morphology And Cytology Of Preussia Vulgare (Corda) Cain, Marcial Antonio Pastor-Corrales

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Biosystematic Study Of The Genus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) In The Intermountain Region, Rex Cates

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study dealt with the Intermountain aconites of which the chromosome number of n = 8 was obtained.

The bumblebees, Bombus rufocinctus Cresson, B. appositus Cresson, and B. centralis Cresson, are the major pollinators of the allogamous and autogamous aconites.

Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of cauline leaf extracts showed that the Intermountain aconites studied here consist of one chemical group.

The overall evidence indicates that the Intermountain aconites consist of one species, Aconitum columbianum Nutt., with two varieties, variety columbianum and variety ochroleucum A. Nels.

Snail Investigations : A Progress Report, G D. Rimes

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Experimental baits and sprays have given promising control of snails in cereals and pastures in the Geraldton-Dongara districts.

The problem of harvesting infested wheat crops has been overcome by attaching a specially designed rake in front of the header ccmb to remove snails from the plants.

An Ecological Study Of The Algae And Mosses Of Cascade Springs, Wasatch County, Utah, Deanna Lynn Mccoard

Theses and Dissertations

An ecological study was conducted at Cascade Springs, Wasatch county, Utah from August 1965, to June 1967. The algae and aquatic moss species were determined and ecological information about these organisms was obtained. Physical data were also collected: bicarbonates, carbonates, free carbon dioxide, hydroxides, oxygen, pH, and temperature. The physical environment of the water was found to be very constant. Tests taken at the different study sites were consistently similar, not only during each day, but all year around. No great variation of any kind was found in the water. In contrast to the water environment, the topography of the …

Diurnal Distribution Of Phytoplankton From A Single Station At The Mouth Of The James River, Harold G. Marshall

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Eight sets of water samples were taken to a depth of 36 ft. during a 24-hr. period. A homogeneity was found in the vertical distribution of the total phytoplankton in samples from 7 of the 8 hydro-casts. Skeletonema costatum and Asterionella japonica were the most numerous phytoplankters in every sample, with the majority of their counts each exceeding 500, 000 cells per liter.

Host-Parasite Relationships Between Prunus Mahaleb And The Parasitic Nematodes Pratylenchus Neglectus And Meloidogyne Hapla, Bernard Al Tait

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Utah orchardists have encountered problems which they have needed to control for continued successful and economical fruit production. Some of these problems are diseases such as western-X virus, cytospora canker (Wadley, 1955) and codling moth (Davis, 1957). These diseases, because of their nature and severity, have received more attention than others.

Bulletin No. 370 - The Superb Plant Bug, Adelphocoris Superbus (Uhler): Its Life History And Its Relation To Seed Development In Alfalfa, Charles J. Sorenson, Lowell Cutler

UAES Bulletins

Infestations of the superb plant bug, Adelphocoris superbus (Uhler), in Utah alfalfa fields first came to the attention of entomologists of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station during their investigations of the seed chalcid and lygus bug problems of alfalfa seed production in the Uinta Basin from 1926 to 1934. Because of its occurrence in considerable numbers, particularly in first crop alfalfa fields with thin stands, the superb plant bug was suspected of interfering with seed development. Consequently an investigation of the activities of this insect was begun in the summer of 1932 and continued through that of 1933.

Objectives sought …

Secretion Of Amylase By Rumex Virus Tumors In Vitro, L. G. Nickell, M. K. Brakke

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The secretion of extracellular enzymes by intact cells of higher plants apparently is a rare occurrence. One example of it is the secretion of an extra, cellular amylase by the tissue of a virus-induced tumor from the root of Rumex wetosa L. An amylase is secreted in sufficient quantities by this tissue to enable it to grow as well in vitro on a starch-containing medium as on one containing sucrose.