Digital Commons Network^™

Chapter 2 - Medicine, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Volume 5: Uses

Explore the contents of Bryophyte Ecology, Volume 5, Chapter 2 - Medicine by clicking the link above. For the Contents section of this ebook, as well as Volumes 1 through 5, please visit the Bryophyte Ecology Main Page.

Use CTRL+F to easily search within PDF files.

Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists.

Volume 2, Chapter 4-7a: Invertebrates: Rotifer Taxa - Monogononta, Janice M. Glime

Bryophyte Ecology Subchapters

No abstract provided.

Mutational Analyses Of A Fork Head Associated Domain Protein, Dawdle, In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Lakshmi Ayiloor Narayanan, Dipaloke Mukherjee, Shuxin Zhang, Bin Yu, David Chevalier

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

DAWDLE (DDL) gene encodes a protein that contains an N-terminal arginine-rich domain and a C-terminal Fork Head Associated (FHA) domain in Arabidopsis thaliana. DDL protein is believed to function in microRNA biogenesis by mediating the recruitment of pri-microRNA to DICER-LIKE 1 and also stabilizing the microRNA. The aim of this study was to conduct a structure-function analysis to identify the regions in DDL that are of functional significance. Targeted Induced Local Lesions in Genome screen was performed in the Columbia erecta-105 background of Arabidopsis resulting in the identification of eight point mutations spanning DDL. The mutants were characterized by …

The Identity Of Magnolia Odoratissima (Magnoliaceae) From China, Shugang Chen, Qingwen Zeng

Turkish Journal of Botany

The type specimen of Magnolia odoratissima Y.W.Law & R.Z.Zhou (Magnoliaceae) conflicts with the protologue and belongs to the genus Parakmeria Hu & W.C.Cheng. A new name, Magnolia kwangnanensis S.G.Chen & Q.W.Zeng sp. nov., and a new type are designated to accommodate the original description. Here we provide new data and a detailed morphological description for this species. Notes are also presented on its habitat, pollen morphology, and conservation status.

Heterostyly In Linum Aretioides, Aykut Güvensen, Özcan Seçmen, Serdar Gökhan Şenol

Turkish Journal of Botany

The petal width; sepal, pistil, and stamen lengths; and changes in pollen sizes associated with heterostyly of different morphs in populations of Linum aretioides Boiss. were investigated. Fruit sets were compared in 2 populations and it was investigated whether the Bozdağ population has a heteromorphic incompatibility system. It was observed that the stamen lengths of thrum morphs of Bozdağ were shorter than those of thrum morphs of Babadağ. Pistil lengths of both morphs of Bozdağ were longer than those of morphs of Babadağ. Pollen shapes of both morphs were prolate-spheroidal and subprolate, respectively, in the Bozdağ population and subprolate in …

Ecology And Invasive Properties Of Musk Thistle (Carduus Nutans) In The Central Prairies Of Nebraska, Chengchou Han

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) is an herbaceous monocarpic herb introduced to the U. S. from Eurasia. The invasion of musk thistle can reduce forage area, soil stability, and reduce recreation and open areas for humans and wildlife.

Resistance of warm season and cool season perennial grass communities to musk thistle invasion is important for land managers to consider, especially where disturbance has made an area particularly susceptible. Our results show that disturbances, such as overgrazing can open up niches in canopies of warm season grass communities and facilitate invasion but not in cool season grass communities. The mechanism …

Arabidopsis Bhlh100 And Bhlh101 Control Iron Homeostasis Via A Fit-Independent Pathway, Alicia B. Sivitz, Victor Hermand, Catherine Curie, Grégory Vert

Dartmouth Scholarship

Iron deficiency induces a complex set of responses in plants, including developmental and physiological changes, to increase iron uptake from soil. In Arabidopsis, many transporters involved in the absorption and distribution of iron have been identified over the past decade. However, little is known about the signaling pathways and networks driving the various responses to low iron. Only the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor FIT has been shown to control the expression of the root iron uptake machinery genes FRO2 and IRT1. Here, we characterize the biological role of two other iron-regulated transcription factors, bHLH100 and bHLH101, in iron homeostasis. …

Proceedings Of The 39th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 7-8, 2012, Pensacola Beach, Florida), Tom Allen, Boyd Padgett, Danise Beadle, Stephen R. Koenning

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Symposium: Soybean Nematodes: Their Status, Impact and Management

The Current Status of Nematodes of Soybean in Louisiana and Arkansas. Charles Overstreet, Edward C McGawley, Melea Martin, and Terry Kirkpatrick

A Molecular Analysis of Resistance of Soybean to the Soybean Cyst Nematode. Vincent Klink

Racism in Nematology. Terry Niblack

SCN-resistant Soybeans, HG types, Yield, and SCN Reproduction: How It All Comes Together in the Field in Iowa. Gregory Tylka

Soybean Lines Evaluated for Resistance to Reniform Nematode. Sally Stetina

Graduate student presentations (Boyd Padgett, moderator)

Fungicide Resistance in Cercospora kikuchii, a Major Pathogen of Louisiana Soybean. Trey Price

Variation …

Comparative Studies Of Six Populations Of Isoetes Panchganiensis From India, Brij Bhan Yadav, Sarvesh Kumar Singh, Manju Srivastava, Gopal Krishan Srivastava

Turkish Journal of Botany

Six populations of Isoetes panchganiensis G.K.Srivast., D.D.Pant & P.K.Shukla growing in different environmental conditions of the Western Ghats have been studied to determine the range of variation within the species. The present investigation does not show any variation in habitat (aquatic), rhizomorph (trilobed), velum (fenestra), and presence or absence of peripheral strands; however, there is a subtle variation in the length of plants, number of leaves, size of megasporangia, and size and ornamentation of the megaspores. The basic organisation of the megaspores of all the populations is almost same, but the finer details of the ornamentation of the megaspores exhibit …

Diversity And Ecology Of Diatoms From Felent Creek (Sakarya River Basin), Turkey, Cüneyd Nadi̇r Solak, Sophia Barinova, Eva Acs, Hayri̇ Dayioğlu

Turkish Journal of Botany

Diatoms are an important group of aquatic ecosystems. To date, there have been many important algological studies in different river basins in Turkey. However, the use of diatoms in biomonitoring (according to diatom indices, Watanabe's or Van Dam's systems) is relatively new in Turkey. In the present study, 41 samples of epilithic diatoms were collected from 5 stations along Felent creek between June 2006 and February 2007 and a total of 117 diatom taxa were identified. The bio-indication (autoecology and abundance scores in the communities) of Felent creek was investigated and, as a result, the organic pollution indicators of Watanabe's …

Reproductive Biology Studies Towards The Conservation Of Two Rare Species Of Colchic Flora, Arbutus Andrachne And Osmanthus Decorus, Nina Melia, Laura Gabedava, Tinatin Barblishvili, Lali Jgenti

Turkish Journal of Botany

Our study examines the structural peculiarities of the generative sphere at different phases of development, and the processes of pollination, fertilisation, and seed formation in 2 species of wild flora: Arbutus andrachne L. (Ericaceae), the eastern strawberry tree, and Osmanthus decorus (Boiss. & Balansa) Kasapligil (Oleaceae), Caucasian osmanthus. These Arcto-Tertiary plants are included in the Red Data Book of the Georgian SSR. As germinable seeds are the main factor determining species distribution and the complete transfer of genetic information, the aim of our research was to establish the self-regeneration capacity of the species under study and choose optimum conditions for …

Evidence From Micromorphology And Gross Morphology Of The Genus Loranthus (Loranthaceae) In Iran, Robabeh Shahi Shavvon, Shahryar Saeidi Mehrvarz, Narges Golmohammadi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Loranthus L. (Loranthaceae) is represented in Iran by 2 species: Loranthus europaeus Jacq. and L. grewingkii Boiss. & Buhse; the latter species is endemic to the area of Flora Iranica. The plants of Loranthus are hemiparasites growing on various host trees such as Quercus infectoria Oliv., Acer monspessulanum L., and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. In order to investigate the range of morphological variation in different populations of these species, an inclusive gross morphological and micromorphological study was conducted. For this purpose, the anatomical characteristics of the stem, leaf, petiole, and fruit were also investigated. The most prominent features were …

The Flora Of Greater San Quintín, Baja California, Mexico (2005–2010), Sula E. Vanderplank

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The plants of San Quintín (Baja California, Mexico) were documented through intensive fieldwork and collection of herbarium specimens to create a checklist of species. The region is located near the southernmost extent of the California Floristic Province, and the flora is influenced by the adjacent desert to the south. A total of 435 plant taxa were documented, of which 82% are native plants. Almost one in three native plant taxa in Greater San Quintín is a sensitive species, here documented as rare and/or locally endemic, and many taxa have yet to be evaluated fully for rarity and threats. Four major …

A Survey Of The Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Of Arkansas And The Ozark Mountains, Joseph O'Neill

Horticulture Undergraduate Honors Theses

Ants are among the most abundant animals in most terrestrial ecosystems, yet local fauna are often poorly understood due to a lack of surveys. This study separated and identified ant species from arthropod samples obtained during ongoing projects by the lab of Dr. A.P.G. Dowling, Professor of Entomology at the University of Arkansas. More than 600 ants were prepared, 284 of which were identified to genus and 263 to species. From this collection, 33 species and one morphospecies were identified, comprising 18 genera in total. Additionally, 28 new distributional records were recorded for Benton, Madison, Newton, and Washington Counties in …

Bacterial Interactions Of Inoculated Price's Potato Bean (Apios Priceana): A Biological Study, Rhonda Walker

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Apios priceana is a native endangered species plant found in the Southeast United States. It is characterized as a leguminous species that bears wisteria like clusters with pea like flowers, a large tuberous root and four to six inch long seed pods. It is believed the Native Americans and early European settlers relied on this species as a source of protein and utilized the seeds for cultivation of the tuberous “potato” which formed. Apios priceana contains an average of 13% fiber, 6.9% protein, 71% carbohydrate and 9 of the 11 essential amino acids needed in human diets (Walter et al.,1986). …

Botanical Report Of Tierra Redonda Mountain Blm Area Of Critical Environmental Concern, San Luis Obispo County, California (W120˚59’41”; N35˚45’59”)., Anthony Baniaga, Andrew Theo Fitanides

Biological Sciences

The purpose of this document is to report the results of a botanical survey of a portion of the Tierra Redonda Mountain Area of Critical Environmental Concern. The survey was conducted for the Bureau of Land Management, and executed between October 2009 and June 2010. Tierra Redonda Mountain is the type locality for the Tierra Redonda formation, and has weathered to form steep slopes of exposed chaparral and protected woodlands. Four general community types were found; foothill woodland, chaparral, southern coastal scrub and dune scrub. Alliances determined by The Manual of California Vegetation (2nd ed.) were: Quercus douglasii Woodland, Quercus …

Implications Of The Plastid Genome Sequence Of Typha (Typhaceae, Poales) For Understanding Genome Evolution In Poaceae, Mary M. Guisinger, Timothy W. Chumley, Jennifer V. Kuehl, Jeffrey L. Boore, Robert K. Jansen

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Plastid genomes of the grasses (Poaceae) are unusual in their organization and rates of sequence evolution. There has been a recent surge in the availability of grass plastid genome sequences, but a comprehensive comparative analysis of genome evolution has not been performed that includes any related families in the Poales. We report on the plastid genome of Typha latifolia, the first non-grass Poales sequenced to date, and we present comparisons of genome organization and sequence evolution within Poales. Our results confirm that grass plastid genomes exhibit acceleration in both genomic rearrangements and nucleotide substitutions. Poaceae have multiple structural rearrangements, including …

Soydb: A Knowledge Database Of Soybean Transcription Factors, Zheng Wang, Marc Libault, Trupti Joshi, Babu Valliyodan, Henry T. Nguyen, Dong Xu, Gary Stacey, Jianlin Cheng

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Transcription factors play the crucial rule of regulating gene expression and influence almost all biological processes. Systematically identifying and annotating transcription factors can greatly aid further understanding their functions and mechanisms. In this article, we present SoyDB, a user friendly database containing comprehensive knowledge of soybean transcription factors.

Description: The soybean genome was recently sequenced by the Department of Energy-Joint Genome Institute (DOE-JGI) and is publicly available. Mining of this sequence identified 5,671 soybean genes as putative transcription factors. These genes were comprehensively annotated as an aid to the soybean research community. We developed SoyDB - a knowledge database …

Science Based Authentication Of Dietary Supplements: Studies On The Chemical Constituents, Analytical Method And Biological Activities Of Scutellaria Spp And Pfaffia Paniculata, Jing Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

During the last decade, the use of herbal medicine has expanded globally and gained popularity. With the tremendous expansion in the use of herbal medicine worldwide, safety and efficacy as well as quality control of herbal medicines have become more and more issues of concern for both health authorities and the public. Although herbal medicine has been in use for hundreds to thousands years, very limited science-based data exist to explicit its chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and toxicity. Therefore, lack of scientific evidence for herbal medicine usage elicits the need for systematic studies of herbal medicine, including phytochemical, analytical, and …

Enzymatic Quantification Of Phytate In Animal Manure, Zhongqi He, Heidi W. Waldrip, C. Wayne Honeycutt, M. Susan Erich, Zachary N. Senwo

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) has been identified as a major organic phosphorus (P) form in soil, animal manure, and other environmental samples. Although a number of methods are available for quantitative isolation and determination of phytate, they are time-consuming and not amenable to routine analysis. We developed a simple, rapid method for enzymatic determination of phytate in animal manure. Animal manure was extracted by H₂O, 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.1M sodium acetate (NaOAc, pH5.0) with or without 0.05M ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and 0.25M or 0.5M sodium hydroxide (NaOH)–0.05M EDTA. Extracts were diluted (1/10–1/150) and adjusted to pH5.0 in sodium acetate …

Study Of Seasonal Influences On Algal Biodiversity In The River Yarqon (Central Israel) By Bio-Indication And Canonical Correspondence Analysis (Cca), Sophia Barinova, Moti Tavassi

Turkish Journal of Botany

In our research conducted in the River Yarqon during 2003-2006, we identified 313 taxa of algae and cyanobacteria belonging to 8 taxonomical divisions. Out of these 313 taxa, 268 taxa (85.6%) were indicators of environmental conditions that characterised the river water as alkaline with medium mineralisation. In the rainy and dry seasons the algal taxonomic compositions were very different, with prevailing diatoms in the winter and cyabobacteria and greens in summer. Bio-indication shows that the taxonomic preference for the self-purification process was more intensive during the rainy season, while the low level of river water in the dry season stressed …

Systems Approach Identifies An Organic Nitrogen-Responsive Gene Network That Is Regulated By The Master Clock Control Gene Cca1, Rodrigo A. Gutierrez, Trevor L. Stokes, Karen Thum, Xiaodong Xu, Mariana Obertello, Manpreet S. Katari, Milos Tanurdzic, Alexis Dean, Damion C. Nero, C Robertson Mcclung, Gloria M. Coruzzi

Dartmouth Scholarship

Understanding how nutrients affect gene expression will help us to understand the mechanisms controlling plant growth and development as a function of nutrient availability. Nitrate has been shown to serve as a signal for the control of gene expression in Arabidopsis. There is also evidence, on a gene-by-gene basis, that downstream products of nitrogen (N) assimilation such as glutamate (Glu) or glutamine (Gln) might serve as signals of organic N status that in turn regulate gene expression. To identify genome-wide responses to such organic N signals, Arabidopsis seedlings were transiently treated with ammonium nitrate in the presence or absence of …

Biotinyl-Methyl 4-(Amidomethyl)Benzoate Is A Competitive Inhibitor Of Human Biotinidase, Keyna Kobza, Kittichai Chaiseeda, Gautam Sarath, James M. Takacs, Janos Zempleni

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Posttranslational modification of histones by biotinylation can be catalyzed by both biotinidase (BTD) and holocarboxylase synthetase. Biotinylation of histones is an important epigenetic mechanism to regulate gene expression, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling. The role of BTD in histone biotinylation is somewhat ambiguous, given that BTD also catalyzes removal of the biotin tag from histones. Here, we sought to develop BTD inhibitors for future studies of the role of BTD in altering chromatin structure. We adopted an existing colorimetric BTD assay for use in a novel 96-well plate format to permit high-throughput screening of potential inhibitors. Biotin analogs were chemically …

Dms Air/Sea Flux And Gas Transfer Coefficients From The North Atlantic Summertime Coccolithophore Bloom, Christa Marandino, Warren J. De Bruyn, Scott Miller, Eric S. Saltzman

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) atmospheric and oceanic concentrations and eddy covariance air/sea fluxes were measured over the N. Atlantic Ocean during July 2007 from Iceland to Woods Hole, MA, USA. Seawater DMS levels north of 55 degrees N ranged from 3 to 17 nM, with variability related to the satellite-derived distributions of coccoliths and to a lesser extent, chlorophyll. For the most intense bloom region southwest of Iceland, DMS air/sea fluxes were as high as 300 mu mol m(-2) d(-1), larger than current model estimates. The observations imply that gas exchange coefficients in this region are significantly greater than those estimated using …

Evaluating The Medicinal Properties Of Mandravasarotra (Cinnamosa Sida) Through Chemical And Pharmacological Screening, Henry J. Bowden Jr.

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

I worked for four weeks at the University of Antananarivo (Ankatso), spending two weeks each in the chemistry and pharmacology laboratories. There I ran a total of eight experiments or “screens” with an alcoholic extract of the medicinal plant Mandravasarotra. This plant is found mainly in northwestern Madagascar, and is often used to stimulate contractions for women having difficulty giving birth. The plant tested positive for three secondary metabolites: tannins, steroids and flavanoids. In the pharmacological tests, the plant exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, and high toxicity in doses exceeding 10ml/kg. Together, conjectures may be made between what is known of the …

A Simple Array Platform For Microrna Analysis And Its Application In Mouse Tissues, Xiaoqing Tang, Jozsef Gal, Xun Zhuang, Wang-Xia Wang, Haining Zhu, Guiliang Tang

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a critical role in many important biological processes. Most miRNAs are conserved between humans and mice, which makes it possible to analyze their expressions with a set of selected array probes. Here, we report a simple array platform that can detect 553 nonredundant miRNAs encompassing the entire set of miRNAs for humans and mice. The platform features carefully selected and designed probes with optimized hybridization parameters. Potential cross-reaction between mature miRNAs and their precursors was investigated. The array platform was …

Fish And Wildlife Benefits Associated With Wetland Establishment Practices, Charles A. Rewa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Efforts to establish wetlands through restoration and creation actions have increased in recent decades in response to regulatory and voluntary incentive programs. This paper summarizes the findings of studies conducted to document fish and wildlife response to these practices. The majority of published studies describe bird response to wetland restoration, with most reporting bird communities in restored wetlands to be similar to those of natural reference wetlands. Studies also indicate that invertebrates and amphibians generally respond quickly to and colonize newly established wetland habitats. Key factors reported as correlated with wildlife species richness include wetland size, availability of nearby wetlands …

Recommendations And Goals For Evo-Devo Research, Michael J. Frohlich

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The rapidly growing field of evolutionary-developmental biology (evo-devo) arises from the fusion of formerly disjunct scientific disciplines that traditionally generate very different scientific products. What should the scientific product of evo-devo be? I propose it should be a testable evolutionary scenario. Evolutionary scenarios have suffered eclipse and even opprobrium in recent years, but analysis of genes that control development may make evo-devo scenarios testable, hence scientifically valid. Hypothesis-based studies are more likely than descriptive studies to generate testable evolutionary scenarios. Candidate-gene studies are risky if only one or a few genes are known in the pathway that is putatively responsible …

Molecular Phylogentics Systematics In Dendrobieae (Orchidaceae), Mark A. Clements

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Molecular systematic research, using DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 18-26S nuclear ribosomal repeat unit, was conducted on a broadly representative sample of the tribe Dendrobieae. The results provide independent support, in addition to evidence from plastid DNA analysis and morphology, for the phylogenetic reassessment of the taxon. At a broad level, Dendrobieae are polyphyletic with Dendrobium sect. Oxystophyllum being deeply embedded within one of the outgroup taxa, subtribe Eriinae: Podochileae. The remaining taxa form a weakly supported monophyletic group consisting of three major clades, Epigeneium, sister to predominantly Asian and Australasian clades. This author …

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation Of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Leaf Disks: Evaluation Of The Co-Cultivation Conditions To Increase Beta-Glucuronidase Gene Activity, Sunjung Park

LSU Master's Theses

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is generally used for genetic transformation of higher plants. Several experimental factors important for the increase of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene activity were evaluated in this study using leaf disks of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi). We found that co-cultivation temperature at 20C is the most critical factor to obtain the reproducible enhancement of GUS activity. pCAMBIA 1305.01 resulted in higher GUS activity than the other two pCAMBIA vectors 1301 and 1305.02. The highest GUS activity and transformation efficiency were achieved under the following experimental conditions: Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing pCAMBIA1305.01 was grown overnight at …