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Pastures As The Secondary Components In Tree-Pasture Systems, Chin Peng Chen Jan 2025

Pastures As The Secondary Components In Tree-Pasture Systems, Chin Peng Chen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The multi-stata canopy structure of rain forest allows only I% sunlight penetration, too little for the survival of forage beneath it. However, man-made forest plantation (rubber, oil palm and coconut) allows more light for forage species. Initially, 60-70 forage species were recorded under these modified forest canopies but only one third of them survived heavy shading. Forage dry matter yields declined from 2.8-4.8 I/ha DM at immature phase of plantations, to 0.1-1.0 I/Im at mautre phase. Nutrients. available to grazing animals from forages under plantations were guile high (18.4 kg Nit DM and 5609 MJ MEit DM) from native forages, …

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Grazing Potential Of Desiccation-Tolerant Tropical And Subtropical Grasses, Y A. Sutaryono, D F. Gaff Jan 2025

Grazing Potential Of Desiccation-Tolerant Tropical And Subtropical Grasses, Y A. Sutaryono, D F. Gaff

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Some desiccation-tolerant grasses possess the potential for use as a grazing source for animals. Some species compared favourably in nutrient content and digestibility with other tropical animal fodder grasses. The Sporobolus species, S. aff, fimbriatus, S. lampranthus, S. pellucidus, together with Eragrostis invalida and Eragrostiella nardoides showed the most promising combination of desirable characteristics. Resurrection grasses contained potentially toxic substances, but, it appears, in amounts harmless to animals, Animal feed trials are needed to test their real feed value, palatability and non-toxicity to animals.

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Mixed-Species Grazing In The Highland Sourveld Of South Africa: An Evaluation Of Animal Production Potential, M B. Hardy, N M. Tainton Jan 2025

Mixed-Species Grazing In The Highland Sourveld Of South Africa: An Evaluation Of Animal Production Potential, M B. Hardy, N M. Tainton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of mixed-species grazing, at 5 cattle to sheep ratios all at the same stocking rale, on individual animal mass change/ ha mass change/ Ila were monitored for 2 grazing seasons, The ratios were balanced in terms of animal units which equate the expected intake of cattle and sheep. The study was conducted on a humid grasslands in which the herbage characteristically loses quality as Jt mature1. Mass gains of individual cattle were higher when the cattle grazed 10ge1her with the sheep than when they grazed alone. This was ascribed to increasing herbage availability as the ratio of cattle …

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Prediction Of Live-Weight Gain Of Cattle Grazing Pastures On Brigalow Soil, M Hirata, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones Jan 2025

Prediction Of Live-Weight Gain Of Cattle Grazing Pastures On Brigalow Soil, M Hirata, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A model for predicting the live-weight gain-(LWD) of cattle from climatic conditions and pasture and cattle attributes was developed. The model was calibrated and validated against the data from a long-term grazing experiment on brigalow soil, sown with green panic pastures. When validated, the model tended to overestimate LWG as the proportion of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) in the pasture decreased, because the model was calibrated, without considering species composition, to data from years when green panic was dominant. This study emphasises the limitations of empirical models of grazing systems. The study also implies that there …

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Animal Feed Research In Eastern And Southern Africa: Historical And Actual Priorities, Samuel C. Jutzi, J C. Tothhill Jan 2025

Animal Feed Research In Eastern And Southern Africa: Historical And Actual Priorities, Samuel C. Jutzi, J C. Tothhill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A review of animal feed research reports from 7 countries of eastern and southern Africa is used to assess historical and actual research emphases. Priority was on feed supply and evaluation for cattle production with strong rangelands improvement programmes. Most research focused on ecologically favoured regions and larger-scale livestock commodity production. Strong efforts for the exploitation of grasses for improved feed supply were supported by legume work for feed quality improvement. There was a strong emphasis on feed agronomy work, one third of all that work involving animals. Component research results were reported with little discussion of target systems implications, …

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Animal Production And Dynamics Of Pangola Grass, Ryegrass, And White Clover As Influenced By Grazing Pressure, A De Moraes, G E. Maraschin Jan 2025

Animal Production And Dynamics Of Pangola Grass, Ryegrass, And White Clover As Influenced By Grazing Pressure, A De Moraes, G E. Maraschin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A grazing experiment was conducted at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica - UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, RS, from June 1989 to March 1990, to evaluate a mixed pasture of pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and white clover (Trifolium repens) under 4 levels of grazing pressure (GP), namely: 3.S, 7 ,0, 10.5 and 14.0 kg DM of forage on offer /100 kg live weight (LW), with 2 field replications. Average live-weight gain (LWG) decreased as grazing pressure increased. Maximum LWG was obtained at grazing pressures of approximately 12%, which was associated with DM residues …

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Cultivated Pasture, Forage On Offer And Animal Responseg, G E. Maraschin, A De Moraes, L.F. A. Da Silva, J Riboldi Jan 2025

Cultivated Pasture, Forage On Offer And Animal Responseg, G E. Maraschin, A De Moraes, L.F. A. Da Silva, J Riboldi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal gains on pasture are influenced by the forage dry mailer on offer (DMO). To ascertain this relationship a pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha) pasture was evaluated under forage DMO levels of 3.5%, 7.0%, 10.5% and 14.0% of live weight (LW)/head/day. Two steers were assigned to each treatment as tester animals plus a number of put-and­take steers to maintain the desired levels of forage DMO, at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica • UFRGS • 30°S, from November 1989 to March 1990 (period I) and from October 1990 to May 1991 (period II). Pasture DM production and crude protein were not …

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Mineral Supplementation And Phosphorus Fertilizer Application On Native Pastures In North-East Argentina, R M. Pizzio, O Royo Pallares Jan 2025

Mineral Supplementation And Phosphorus Fertilizer Application On Native Pastures In North-East Argentina, R M. Pizzio, O Royo Pallares

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extensive cattle production systems in north-east Argentina are based on the use of native pastures. One of the most important limiting factors to improve production is the acute phosphorus deficiency of soils and pastures. A large experiment was set up to study the effect of phosphorus fertiliser and mineral supplementation on the live­weight gain of steers of 2 ages grazing native pastures. Supplementation with a mixture of bone meal and salt, residual effect of P fertilisation, and both treatments applied together increased the annual animal live-weight gain by 60, 66 and 106%, respectively. The response of younger steers to fertiliser …

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Pulsating Drought And Insect Herbivory Cause Differential Effects On Soybean (Glycine Max) Genotypes That Vary In Canopy Wilting Speed, Jessica Ayala, Manish Gautam, Adrianna Peissel, George Justin, Rupesh Kariyat Jan 2025

Pulsating Drought And Insect Herbivory Cause Differential Effects On Soybean (Glycine Max) Genotypes That Vary In Canopy Wilting Speed, Jessica Ayala, Manish Gautam, Adrianna Peissel, George Justin, Rupesh Kariyat

Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty Publications and Presentations

As a result of climate change, global temperatures are increasing, and water scarcity is on the rise. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] is one of the most important crops in the world due to its importance as food and feed. One of the major limiting factors for soybean production is drought, which can cause up to 80% reduction in yield. Therefore, growers and plant breeders are turning to soybean accessions that demonstrate better water use efficiency (WUE). However, in addition to drought, insect herbivory by soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens, SBL) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) can also reduce soybean …

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Seasonal Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Cultivated Tropical Grasses In The Savannas Of Brazil, M.C M. Macedo, V.P B. Euclides, M.P De Oliveira Jan 2025

Seasonal Changes In The Chemical Composition Of Cultivated Tropical Grasses In The Savannas Of Brazil, M.C M. Macedo, V.P B. Euclides, M.P De Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Five tropical grasses; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, B, decumbens cv. Basilisk, Panicum maximum cv. Coloniilo, P. maximum cv, Tobiatil, P. maximum cv. Tanzania-I, were planted on a dark red latosol (Oxisol) and grazed for 3 rainy and 3 dry seasons . The original savanna vegetation was removed, the soil cultivated and fertilised with 1000 kg/ha of dolomitic limestone, 350 kg/ha of single superphosphate, 100 kg/ha of KCI and 40 kg/ha of fritted traced elements. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 3 replicates. Paddocks were 1.5 ha. Grazing pressure was adjusted to approximately 8 or 15 kg of …

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Evaluation Of Panicum Maximum Cultivars Under Grazing, V.P B. Euclides, M.C M. Macedo, A Vieira, M P. Oliveira Jan 2025

Evaluation Of Panicum Maximum Cultivars Under Grazing, V.P B. Euclides, M.C M. Macedo, A Vieira, M P. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A grazing trial was conducted in Brazil, for a 3-year period, to study animal production from Panicum maximum cultivars (Coloniao, Tobiatii and Tanz5nia-1). Three 1.5-hn paddocks of each cultivar were stocked continuously with 3 steers, and additional grazers were added or removed as required to ensure similar grazing pressure in each treatment. Steers on Tanzania-I had a superior average daily gain (ADG) to those on Tobiatii and Coloniffo. However, the lack of difference in carrying capacity between Tanzdnin and Tobiatil pastures resulted in similar live-weight gain (LWG)/ha. The ADG and LWG/ ha of Coloniilo were significantly lower than the other …

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Evaluation Of Brachiaria Decumbens And Brachiaria Brizantha Under Grazing, V.P B. Euclides, A H. Zimmer, M P. Oliveria Jan 2025

Evaluation Of Brachiaria Decumbens And Brachiaria Brizantha Under Grazing, V.P B. Euclides, A H. Zimmer, M P. Oliveria

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A 3-year grazing trial was conducted in Brazil, to relate changes in sward characteristics of B. decumbens and B. brizantha to animal live-weight gain (LWG). Three 1.5-ha paddocks of each grass species were stocked continuously with 3 steers, and additional grazers were added or removed as required to ensure similar grazing pressure in each treatment. Despite similar (P>0.85) annual average daily gains (ADO) of steers grazing both species, the ADO of steers grazing B. brizantha pasture was significantly (P<0.05) higher during the wet season, and significantly (P<0.05) lower in the dry period, when compared with those on B. decumbens. Annual LWG per area of both species were also similar (P>0.85). The best predictor of ADO was …

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Large-Scale Property Demonstrations Of The Effect Of Sexa Stylo And Phosphorus On Beef Cattle Growth In Central Queensland, Australia, C H. Middleton, K J. Murphy, G W. Blight, Vicki-Lee Hansen Jan 2025

Large-Scale Property Demonstrations Of The Effect Of Sexa Stylo And Phosphorus On Beef Cattle Growth In Central Queensland, Australia, C H. Middleton, K J. Murphy, G W. Blight, Vicki-Lee Hansen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seca style (Stylosanthes scabra) was oversown into black speargrass (Heteropogon comortus)•dominant pasture after a burn at 2 sites in central Queensland, and the pasture was continuously grazed. At one site with <5 ppm bicarbonate-extractable soil P, Seca growth was poor and gave only a small animal growth response (18 kg/steer/year) over native pasture. With the addition of superphosphate (27 kg P/ha) the Seca-native grass produced an additional live-weight gain of 70 kg/ steer/year over the native pasture control. At a second site with 6-8 ppm available soil P, Seca grew well, and with a P supplement given to steers, live-weight gains were 40 kg/steer/year more than for P­supplemented animals grazing native pasture. Oversowing Seca into native pasture with P as fertiliser or a supplement can dramatically improve animal performance. The project was conducted on private properties and was aimed to focus producer attention on this technology, which is suited to large areas of northern Australia.

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Improving Hill Agriculture Systems In Nepal: A Case Study, B N. Tiwari, J B. Abington Jan 2025

Improving Hill Agriculture Systems In Nepal: A Case Study, B N. Tiwari, J B. Abington

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Kingdom of Nepal is characterised by complex, diverse smallholder farming systems in which crops, livestock and forest resources are all interlinked. Traditional feeding practices throughout the hills are coming under severe pressure due to the high density of livestock. Consequently, acute shortages of forage are e, experienced, especially during the dry winter season. A case study is presented In which the integration of forage management into the whole farming system is practised, User groups are improving community grazing lands by the introduction of more productive herbage and fodder tree species. Fodder is sold to livestock farmers, animal management is …

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Utilization Of Leucaena Leucophala As Fodder For Buffaloes, P C. Gupta, M A. Akbar Jan 2025

Utilization Of Leucaena Leucophala As Fodder For Buffaloes, P C. Gupta, M A. Akbar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A feeding trial was conducted for 122 days to assess the effect of feeding Leucaena leucophala day on growth rate, utilisation of nutrients, and its toxic effects, if any, in 15 Murrah male buffalo calves about 1 year old. Calves in control group (Tl) were maintained on concentrate mixture and ad lib. wheat straw. The protein of concentrate mixture was replaced at 25% and 50% levels by leucaena protein in the rations of group T2 and T3, respectively, Leucaena hay was isonitrogenous (CP about 19%). The mimosine, tannin and 6-carotene in leucnena hay were 2.50%, 7.33 mg/g and 504.24 mg/kg, …

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Increasing Cool-Season Production From Irrigated Leucaena Leucocephala, D Pratchett, S Petty Jan 2025

Increasing Cool-Season Production From Irrigated Leucaena Leucocephala, D Pratchett, S Petty

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Annual live-weight gains of cattle grazing irrigated Leucaena leucocephala in the ORIA (Ord River Irrigation Area) average 0.7 5 kg/day al a stocking rate of 7.5 animals/ha. During the dry season the cooler temperatures reduce the growth rate of leucaena and live­weight gains are reduced lo about 0.5 kg/day. To date growth rates have been maintained by reducing stocking rates but a continuous supply of stock is now required to meet the demands of a local abattoir in the ORIA. During the cooler period a supplement of 1.5 kg maize/animal/day plus hay increased the live-weight gain of cattle to 0.75 …

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Grassland Opportunities In The Subtropical Region Of South America, G E. Maraschin, A.V A. Jacques Jan 2025

Grassland Opportunities In The Subtropical Region Of South America, G E. Maraschin, A.V A. Jacques

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural grasslands represent a significant proportion of southern South America, which, despite the increase in cropland, is being maintained. However, ignorance and misinformation about the potential of the natural grassland and its environment lead to poor economic results, with live-weight gains (LWG) of around 50-60 kg/ ha/year. Work on the soil-plant-animal relationship have shown that animal performance can be raised to 150-160 kg LWG/ha/year, using sound management practices. The improvement of natural grassland through lime, fertilisation and introduction of exotic species (sod­seeding) can further increase production to 500-600 kg LWG/ha/ year. These results illustrate the great potential of natural grasslands …

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Planning For A Farming Future, Bruce Milne Jan 2025

Planning For A Farming Future, Bruce Milne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We have been gathering experience in Whole Farm Planning since our involvement with the Potter Farmland Plan, 1985-1987. Our concerns rose when we reviewed the welfare of the basic finite resources; soil, water, biodiversity and air. We believed those resources were suffering as they supported us, our sheep and cattle enterprises and all other living things, Our concerns caused us to re­examine the purpose of farming. Many farm planners attempt to plan around inherited grazing, economic and trading systems without first questioning the appropriateness of those systems. We attempted to open our minds, remove the existing "fences" and commence farm …

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Economic Stock Farming In Harmony With An Arid Ecosystem On Smitskraal Ranch - A Holistic Approach, J D. Ivy, S F. Ivy, A J. Ivy, M P. Ivy Jan 2025

Economic Stock Farming In Harmony With An Arid Ecosystem On Smitskraal Ranch - A Holistic Approach, J D. Ivy, S F. Ivy, A J. Ivy, M P. Ivy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The different nctivities on Smitskraal ranch have been developed and integrated over 40 years. In order to maximise profits while conserving soil, a holistic approach has been taken. The ranch is sweet bush veld, subtropical and has a low rainfall. Many stock diseases, mostly tick• b'orne, are prevalent. Adapted beef cattle and goals effectively conserve and utilise the grass and bush respectively. Suitable wildlife species are nlso included,. A multi��camp, graze half, leave half system called controlled selective grazing is applied. Veld variations are separated, stocking rate is low and is adjusted to seasonal rainfall. Uniform batches of calves from …

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Management And Use Of Complex Landscapes: Some Implications Of Spatial Variation For Pasture And Animal Production, J A. Taylor, S J. Cook Jan 2025

Management And Use Of Complex Landscapes: Some Implications Of Spatial Variation For Pasture And Animal Production, J A. Taylor, S J. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper describe.s some of the spatial variation in microclimate,' soils and vegetation across the black speargrass (Heteropogon contorus) grazing lands of south-east Queensland. Differences in the establishment and survival of oversown legumes, and in animal production', associated with this variation were examined in a large­scale grazing trial. The consequences of spatial heterogeneity are discussed in relation to species evaluation, restoration of degraded grazing lands and the development of sustainable grazing systems.

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Land Condition And Overgrazing: A Management Paradox For The Savannas Of Northern Australia, Andrew J. Ash, John G. Mcivor, Joel R. Brown Jan 2025

Land Condition And Overgrazing: A Management Paradox For The Savannas Of Northern Australia, Andrew J. Ash, John G. Mcivor, Joel R. Brown

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The tropical savannas of northern Australia have been an important resource for the production of beef for over a century. Excessive stocking rates regimes have led, in some areas, to degradation of the soil and vegetation resource. A state-and-transition model is used to describe the decline in land condition with overgrazing. A grazing study has been established at 2 sites to determine the consequences of a change in land condition for animal production, and pasture production and quality are being related to land condition at additional small sites. Preliminary results indicate that as pasture condition declines, pasture production decreases but …

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Case Studies And Causes Of Weed Invasion Of Sown Pastures On The Wet Tropical Coast Of Eastern Australia, H G. Bishop, T B. Hilder, G A. Lambert, E R. Anderson Jan 2025

Case Studies And Causes Of Weed Invasion Of Sown Pastures On The Wet Tropical Coast Of Eastern Australia, H G. Bishop, T B. Hilder, G A. Lambert, E R. Anderson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Viability of large and successful sown pasture development on the wet tropical coast of eastern Australia is threatened from invasion of these pastures by unpalatable grass and legume weeds. The main threats discussed are invasion by the unpalatable grass weeds Sporobolus diandrus (tussocky sporobolus) and Sporobolus pyramldalis (giant rat's tall grass) and the unpalatable, annual legume weed Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod). Specific cases of invasion and suggested causes for the problems are discussed. The major causes· suggested for pasture decline and invasion by less productive weedy species are: disease that can suddenly wipe out an otherwise …

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Importance Of Legume Nitrogen Fixation In Sustainability Of Pasture In The Cerrados Of Brazil, G Cadisch, E F. Carvalho, A R. Suhet, L Vilela, W Soares, J M. Spain, S Urquiaga, K E. Giller, R M. Boddey Jan 2025

Importance Of Legume Nitrogen Fixation In Sustainability Of Pasture In The Cerrados Of Brazil, G Cadisch, E F. Carvalho, A R. Suhet, L Vilela, W Soares, J M. Spain, S Urquiaga, K E. Giller, R M. Boddey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A pure Andropogon gayanus sward was compared with a Stylosanthes spp.-A. gayanus mixed sward in order to assess the benefit of introducing N2-fixing legumes on the long-term sustainability of grazed pastures. There was no difference between the total dry matter and animal production of the 2 pastures, although the legumes fixed 67-117 kg/ha of N in 1991 with 80% of the legume N obtained from N2 fixation. Litter deposition was 20-35% greater in the mixed sward and the % N in this litter was also higher, leading to twice the amount of N mineralised in the 0-5 cm …

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An Integrated Approach To Soil-Plat-Animal Interactions On Grazed Legume-Based Pastures On Tropical Acid Soils, M J. Fisher, C E. Lascano, R J. Thomas, M A. Ayarza, I M. Rao, G Rippstein, J.H M. Thornley Jan 2025

An Integrated Approach To Soil-Plat-Animal Interactions On Grazed Legume-Based Pastures On Tropical Acid Soils, M J. Fisher, C E. Lascano, R J. Thomas, M A. Ayarza, I M. Rao, G Rippstein, J.H M. Thornley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Legume-based pastures developed by the Tropical Pastures Program (TPP) of CIAT give spectacular increases in both stocking rates and animal live-weight gains on the savannas of Latin America, A team within the TPP is addressing the problems of their management for legume persistence and soil-plant-animal interactions, using as Its focus a grazing experiment on 2 oxisols of contrasting texture on the Colombian Llanos. The objective is to model the pastures to forecast the effect of management options on long-term persistence and nutrient cycling in grazed legume•grass associations in the Latin American savannas.

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Evaluation Of Pastures For Sustained Beef Production In Subtropical New South Wales, P T. Mears, D L. Garden, R W. Dicker Jan 2025

Evaluation Of Pastures For Sustained Beef Production In Subtropical New South Wales, P T. Mears, D L. Garden, R W. Dicker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Limitations of low-quality grass pastures, soil fertility, mechanisms of legume persistence and the long-term sustainability of pastures for beef production were studied in a humid subtropical environment of New South Wales, Australia. Sustainability of pastures and animal growth responses in 3 experiments (varying from 4 to 10 years' duration) al 2 sites have been analysed and described. Steers or heifers were used lo assess the effects of introducing subtropical or temperate legumes, level of superphosphate and stocking rate on natural grass pastures, Principal factors which improved the level of beef production from pasture were (i) introducing persistent legumes (ii) level …

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Grass Weed Control And Rice Response With Tetflupyrolimet-Containing Programs, Mason C. Castner, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Nick R. Bateman, Travis R. Faske Jan 2025

Grass Weed Control And Rice Response With Tetflupyrolimet-Containing Programs, Mason C. Castner, Jason K. Norsworthy, Thomas R. Butts, Trenton L. Roberts, Nick R. Bateman, Travis R. Faske

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Tetflupyrolimet is the first herbicide with a novel site of action (SOA) labeled PRE and early POST for use in agronomic crops to be labeled in the last three decades. Direct-seeded paddy rice field experiments were conducted near Stuttgart, AR, on a silt loam soil and near Keiser, AR, on a clay soil to evaluate tetflupyrolimet-containing herbicide programs in comparison to commercial standards in conventional, imidazolinone-resistant, and quizalofop-resistant rice systems. Additionally, a furrow-irrigated rice experiment was conducted near Colt, AR, and Keiser to ensure weed control with clomazone and tetflupyrolimet mixtures compared to commercial standards. Twelve commonly planted rice cultivars …

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Root Decomposition And Nutrient Dynamics In Multifunctional Forage-Biomass Buffer-Strip Systems, Helen C.S. Amorium, Amanda J. Ashworth, Taylor C. Adams, Mary C. Savin, Philip A. Moore Jr Jan 2025

Root Decomposition And Nutrient Dynamics In Multifunctional Forage-Biomass Buffer-Strip Systems, Helen C.S. Amorium, Amanda J. Ashworth, Taylor C. Adams, Mary C. Savin, Philip A. Moore Jr

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Perennial crops are thought as a solution for enhancing food security and providing ecosystem services under a changing climate, including forage-biomass production, reduced erosion and nutrient leaching, and soil C accumulation. However, the drivers of root decomposition and C allocation in perennial multifunctional forage-biomass buffer-strips as affected by fertility management are poorly elucidated. Thus, study objectives were to assess root decomposition and soil CO2 efflux on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), silphium (Silphium integrifolium Michx.), and intermediate wheatgrass Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth & D.R. Dewey) treated with poultry litter (PL) relative to the unfertilized control. …

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Effects Of Pericarp Removal And Different Germination Conditions On Seed Germination And Saline-Alkali Tolerance Of Amorpha Fruticosa, Zhan-Wu Gao, Yong-Guang Mu, Feng Chen, Li-Jie He, Xin-Ning Li, Jia-Tong Li, Ke-Jia Ding, Yan-Hui Cu, Chun-Sheng Mu, Adnan Rasheed Jan 2025

Effects Of Pericarp Removal And Different Germination Conditions On Seed Germination And Saline-Alkali Tolerance Of Amorpha Fruticosa, Zhan-Wu Gao, Yong-Guang Mu, Feng Chen, Li-Jie He, Xin-Ning Li, Jia-Tong Li, Ke-Jia Ding, Yan-Hui Cu, Chun-Sheng Mu, Adnan Rasheed

Turkish Journal of Botany

In this paper, neutral salt NaCl and basic salt Na2CO3 were used to simulate salt stress and alkali stress respectively, and the effects of salt stress and alkali stress on seed germination and growth changes in natural saline-alkali soil were studied, in order to provide theoretical basis for making full use of plant resources and improving production efficiency. The fruit peel of Amorpha fruticosa contains a lot of lipids, which has a significant effect on seed germination. Under salt stress, removal of pericarp significantly increased germination rate, germination potential and germination index (P< 0.05), and significantly shortened germination time of seeds (p< 0.05), which accelerated the establishment of seedlings, reduced the stress time during germination, and advanced the transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic, accumulating more anions and organic solutes to adapt to salt stress. Therefore, when planting in neutral salt soil, it can be used to remove the peel for sowing to improve the planting effect. However, under alkali stress, the growth is inhibited by the absorption of a large amount of Na+ and high pH value, so it is not suitable for removing the peel for sowing. Different germination conditions had significant effects on seed germination. The length and biomass of radicle and germ in sand culture were significantly higher than those in paper culture (P< 0.05). Under the condition of sand culture, the concentration of the treatment solution can be well maintained, which is conducive to fixing the seedlings and reducing the interference of other mineral elements. Therefore, sand culture method is recommended for seed germination experiments under stress, especially for plants with developed roots.

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Impact Of Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria On The Growth Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Under Salt Stress, Behi̇ye Nur Aksoy, Hamza Ettadili, Caner Vural Jan 2025

Impact Of Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria On The Growth Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Under Salt Stress, Behi̇ye Nur Aksoy, Hamza Ettadili, Caner Vural

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effect of a microbial mixture containing anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (APB) on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 under salt stress was investigated. To induce salt stress, 150 mM NaCl was applied to A. thaliana. Four treatments were employed to assess the impact of APB: (1) control plants, (2) plants inoculated with a mixture of enriched photosynthetic bacteria, (3) plants inoculated with a mixture of enriched photosynthetic bacteria and irrigated with 150 mM NaCl solution, and (4) plants irrigated with 150 mM NaCl solution. The analysis demonstrated that the inoculated plants exhibited increased leaf formation and leafsize. Furthermore, an …

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Acetylcholine Treatments Enhance Growth, Photosynthesis Efficiency And Stress Resilience In Maize Seedlings Exposed To Arsenic, Büşra Arikan-Abdulveli Jan 2025

Acetylcholine Treatments Enhance Growth, Photosynthesis Efficiency And Stress Resilience In Maize Seedlings Exposed To Arsenic, Büşra Arikan-Abdulveli

Turkish Journal of Botany

Arsenic (As) is a widespread and highly toxic metalloid that adversely affects plant health, leading to reduced yields, impaired photosynthesis, and compromised root structures. Although acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter implicated in plant growth and stress responses, has shown potential in mitigating heavy metal stress, its effects on As stress in maize (Zea mays L.) remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of ACh treatments on maize seedlings exposed to As stress (100 µM), focusing on physiological responses, growth rates, photosynthesis, and the antioxidant system. Our findings revealed that ACh treatments conferred differential protective effects against As stress. The lowest …

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