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Phomopsis Infection Of Lupin Seed, D S. Petterson, P. Mcr. Wood

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Early reports of lupinosis in Western Australia implicated infected stems and leaves of the sandplain or W,A. blue lupin (Lupinus cosentinii) as the main source of toxicity.

After the introduction of low alkaloid varieties of L. augustifolius, lupinosis continued to oddur on stubbles but random testing of seeds showed only low levels of Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection.

However in 1976, scientists at the University of Western Australia who were evaluating the use of an all lupin seed ration for drought feeding sheep encounted lupinosis in one of their trials.Seven per cent of the seed used was found to be infected …

Control Strategies For Annual Ryegrass Toxicity, W J. Burdass

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In 982-83, annual ryegrass tocicity (ARGT) was estimated to have cost Western Australian sheep farmers between $7 and $8 million in total economic losses.

The disease can severely disrupt farming operations. Sheep must be checked daily and if affected moved to a 'safe' paddock. The availability of paddock feed is reduced, as is stock carrying capacity. Worry about the possibility of dramatic stock losses, and uncertainty about what decisions to make, are all stressful.

Stock losses from ARGT can be minimised by the use of selective herbicides to control ryegrass in pastures and crops. This breaks the disease cycle - …

Wood Anatomy Of Gesneriaceae, Sherwin Carlquist, David A. Hoekman

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Qualitative and quantitative data are presented for woods of 37 species representing 11 genera; most species included represent a maximal degree of woodiness for the family, and herbaceous groups are mostly omitted. Growth rings are absent or nearly so. Vessel elements have simple perforation plates (except for Kohleria elegans) and alternate circular or oval pits of various sizes on vessel-vessel walls (often laterally elongate, often with gaping apertures, on vessel-parenchyma and vessel-septate fiber interfaces). Grooves interconnect pit apertures in vessels of four genera. Vessels are grouped, usually in radial chains, to a moderate extent. Tyloses are present. Imperforate tracheary …

Technology And Economics Of Commercial Scale Ethanol Production From Fodder Beets, William Ray Gibbons

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fodder beets yield two to three times more fuel ethanol per hectare than corn. This increased productivity should reduce feedstock costs and, consequently, ethanol production costs. The major factor that has limited use of this crop is the lack of a proven technology to process fodder beets -- economically and energy efficiently -- to fuel ethanol on a commercial scale. Research reported herein rectifies this situation by examining the technical and economic feasibility of community scale fuel ethanol production from fodder beets using two novel, continuous fermentation systems solid-phase fermentation and diffusion fermentation. Laboratory scale, batch fermentation trials were first …

Species-Specific Restriction Site Polymorphism In Root-Knot Nematode Mitochondrial Dna, Thomas O. Powers, E. G. Platzer, Bradley C. Hyman

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Research was initiated to physically characterize the mitochondrial genomes of several Meloidogyne spp. and host-races, to address questions regarding their systematics and dispersal, and to assess the possibility of developing molecular diagnostics for these nematodes. Techniques were developed for purification and rapid detection of mitochondrial DNA from root-knot nematodes. Mitochondrial DNAs among Meloidogyne spp. were demonstrated to exhibit extensive divergence. The potential for using the rapidly diverging mitochondrial genomes as a diagnostic assay for M. incognita, M. hapla, M. arenaria, and M. javanica is discussed.

Protein Enrichment Of Cereal Grains For Livestock, Andrew C. Dunlop, C. L. Mcdonald

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Every year Western Australian farmers feed about 759,000 tonnes of cereal grain to livestock, mostly to sheep but also to dairy and beef cattle. These grains are fed as drought feeds, as supplements to augment poor quality or scarce paddock feed or in growth rations to attain higher levels of production. Many grains fed, however, have a low protien content and are therefore used inefficiently by animals.

Several methods of improving the low protien content of feed grains have been tested. They include the addition of lupin seed, spraying oats with urea and gassing oats with ammonia.

Evaluation Of Agronomic And Energy Traits Of Wray Sweet Sorghum And The N39 X Wray Hybrid, Max D. Clegg, H. J. Gorz, Jerry W. Maranville, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Recent emphasis on energy problems has stimulated efforts to identify crops capable of producing high yields of biomass that can be converted into ethanol. The sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] crop includes cultivars and hybrids that vary widely in the relative amounts of grain and stalks produced, and also in the sugar content of the stalks. N39 x Wray, a relatively sweet hybrid with good grain potential, and Wray, a cultivar with sweet stalks, were compared for their grain and sugar yields, alcohol production potential, and other related characters. The hybrid produced heavier seeds, more seeds per head, and …

Effects Of Juglone (5'-Hydroxy-1, 4-Naphthoquinone) On The Algae Anabaena Flos-Aquae, Nostoc Commune, And Scenedesmus Acuminatus, V. Diane Randall, Jimmy D. Bragg

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Three species of algae, Anabaena flos-aquae, Nostoc commune and Scenedesmus acuminatus were selected for their sensitivity to juglone and studied for the effects of juglone concentrations of 10, 1, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.01 μg/ml upon their growth. A. flos-aquae was most sensitive, with significant inhibition by the 0.5 μg/ml concentration. N. commune was inhibited least, with significant inhibition only in the 10 μg/ml concentration. S. acuminatus was found to be moderately inhibited at the 0.5 μg/ml concentration. All species were found to be non-viable after 14 days exposure to 10 μg/ml juglone. Tests with 7 and 14 day old cells …

Endocrine Changes During Restoration Of Estrous Cycles Following Induction Of Anestrus By Restricted Nutrient Intake In Beef Heifers, K. Imakawa, M. L. Day, M. Garcia-Winder, D. D. Zalesky, Roger J. Kittok, B. D. Schanbacher, J. E. Kinder

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The working hypotheses in this experiment were: 1) that ovarian estradiol would inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in heifers that were anestrus as a result of restricted dietary energy intake and 2) the responsiveness of LH secretion to estradiol negative feedback would decrease during the period when restoration of estrous cycles occurred following feeding of diets adequate in energy. Fifteen heifers weighing 341 ± 12 (mean ± SE) kg were fed a diet containing 50% of the energy required for maintenance until 40 to 50 d following cessation of estrous cycles. Heifers were assigned to intact control (C, n = …

Effect Of Active Immunization Against Lhrh Or Lh In Boars: Reproductive Consequences And Performance Traits, R. E. Falvo, V. Chandrashekar, R. D. Arthur, A. R. Kuenstler, T. Hasson, C. Awcniyi, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Forty crossbred boars were equally divided into eight groups at birth. Four groups were immunized (200 μg/boar) at 12 wk of age against either luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) conjugated to human serum globulin (LHRH-hSG) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), LHRH-hSG in muramyldipeptide adjuvant (PEP), procine luteinizing hormone (LH) conjugated to hSG (pLH-hSG) in CFA or ovine LH (oLH) in CFA. Equal doses of boosters were given in either PEP or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) at 16 and 18 wk of age. Two groups of boars were immunized with either hSG + CFA or hSG + PEP (adjuvant controls). Two groups …

Evolution And Reproductive Biology Of Inflorescences In Lithocarpus, Castanopsis, Castanea, And Quercus (Fagaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Of Lithocarpus, Castanopsis, Castanea, and Quercus, only Lithocarpus frequently bears branched spikes suggestive of the primitive condition in the Fagaceae; the other genera sometimes have them in some individuals. Simple and branched spikes can occur on the same tree. Evolution of the simple spike is interpreted as the loss of branching capacity in the branched spikes. The Fagaceae show various transitional stages from perfect, entomophilous to imperfect, anemophilous flowers and from mixed-sex to unisexual spikes. Complete separation of staminate from pistillate function into separate spikes and catkins occurs only in Quercus, which is also the only …

Ua37/13 Plants Used By The Prehistoric Indians Of Kentucky, Chuck Crume

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

No one knows exactly when the Indians first entered the area we now call Kentucky, but there is an approximation. Archeologists have found evidence of Clovis camps and living sites in the state (9,000 to 12,000 B.P.), This would have been during the Paleo Stage, toward the end of the last ice age. The climate of the area would have been much cooler then. The selection of plants and animals would also have been different than those found in modern times.

Paleo Indians used plants for food, utility and medical uses. It seems that plant use during this period is …

Recommended Species For Vegetative Stabilization Of Training Lands In Arid And Semi-Arid Environments, United States Department Of Defense, Army Corps Of Engineers

Plants

Maintaining natural resources on western military installations has received increasing attention in recent years. Of special interest are training ranges where the environmental impact of tracked and wheeled vehicles is significant. Revegetation and soil stabilization on the arid and semi-arid regions of these western installations require special techniques. This report identifies key plant species that may be useful to installation land managers seeking to maintain or rehabilitate training land in these areas. The plant species are described in terms of their regional and environmental adaptations, limitations, uses, establishment requirements, and availability. In addition, recommendations for short- and long-term revegetation efforts …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 17, No. 3. September 1985

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EFFECTS OF FIRE ON NUTRIENT AND ENERGY CONCENTRATION OF FIVE PRAIRIE GRASS SPECIES ▪ K. M. Ohr and T. B. Bragg

FOOD HABITS OF JUVENILE GIZZARD SHAD IN OPEN-WATER AND NEAR-SHORE HABITATS OF MELVERN RESERVOIR, KANSAS ▪ B. L. Todd and D. W. Willis

CHANGES IN BREEDING BLACKBIRD NUMBERS IN NORTH DAKOTA FROM 1967 TO 1981–82 ▪ J. F. Besser

RARE ANIMALS AND PLANTS OF SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ W. C. Houtcooper, D. J. Ode, J. A. Pearson, and G. M. Vandel III …

Viewpoint: Forage And Range Research Needs In The Central Great Plains, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In the central Great Plains, pastures and rangelands often are not economically competitive with grain crops. This has led to increases in acreages of row crops at the expense of rangelands, pastures, and hay crops on marginal lands resulting in severe erosion problems. The productivity of forages, pastures, and rangelands needs to be increased to levels that would make them economically competitive with grain crops. Innovative research will be needed to develop the required knowledge and technology upon which productivity increases can be based. Pastures and rangelands in this area are usually components of production systems which may also include …

High Rates Of Photosynthesis In The Desert Shrub Chrysothamnus Nauseosus Ssp. Albicaulis, Tim D. Davis, N. Sankhla, W. R. Andersen, D. J. Weber, B. N. Smith

Great Basin Naturalist

Basic aspects of photosynthesis were investigated in white rubber rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas) Britt. ssp. albicaulis), a common C₃ deciduous shrub native to arid regions of the western U.S. Under favorable field conditions, net photosynthesis (P_n) ranged from 36 to 73 mg CO₂ · dm ⁻² · hr⁻¹, which is relatively high for a woody species. The leaves from the actively growing flowering shoots exhibited higher P_n than those on the vegetative shoots. P_n also varied according to the age of the leaves and the location of the plants. P …

Communication Networks And The Adoption Of Three Farn Practices, P. W. Fry, F. K. Goss

All other publications

The report commences with a discussion of the diffusion and adoption model, and illustrates some of the research observations and practical outcomes that have emerged in recent years, An overview of social network research is presented as a means of understanding communication exchanges and providing data relevant to the diffusion debate. The communication and adoption studies are then reported in three separate sections in the order they were conducted. (A map of the location of the survey areas is shown in Figure I ) . The objectives, survey method, results and a summary are presented for each study.

A background …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 17, No. 1. March 1985

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COMMUNITY ANALYSIS OF THE FOREST VEGETATION IN THE LOWER PLATTE RIVER VALLEY, EASTERN NEBRASKA ▪ S. J. Rothenberger

RECOLONIZATION OF A BURNED PRAIRIE BY MEADOW VOLES (Microtus pennsylvanicus) ▪ P. L. Vacanti and K. N. Geluso

AMERICAN COOT HABITAT IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ H. A. Kantrud

OBSERVATIONS ON PRAIRIE DOG DISPERSAL IN MONTANA ▪ C. J. Knowles

WINTER FOOD HABITS OF THE SWIFT FOX ON THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS ▪ D. M. Zumbaugh and J. R. Choate

BOOK REVIEW

Ground …

Agronomic And Animal Performance Of Different Tall Fescue Varieties, Robert C. Buckner, James A. Boling, Paul B. Burrus Ii, Lowell P. Bush, Nelson Gay, R. W. Hemken, Garry D. Lacefield, M. R. Siegel

Agronomy Notes

The objective of the tall fescue breeding program is the development of varieties characterized by superior nutritive value (including reduced contents of perloline and loline alkaloids and minimal infestation of the fungal endophyte, Acremonium coenophialum), palatability, disease resistance, and adaptation through the utilization of intergeneric and interspecific hybrid derivatives of ryegrass and tall fescue species. Kentucky 31, Kenwell, and Kenhy were previously released from this breeding program. Johnstone tall fescue, developed cooperatively by the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-ARS, was released March 1, 1982 as a new variety. Johnstone is characterized as having low levels of perloline alkaloid and …

Documentation Of Whole-Farm Model For The Eastern Wheatbelt Of Western Australia, Ross S. Kingwell, David J. Pannell, David. A. Morrison

Grain and other field crops published reports

The Eastern Wheatbelt Model (EwM) is a hypothetical farm model, intended to be representative of farms in the eastern wheatbelt region. It is a model of an 'average' farm in an 'average' season. Nevertheless it is possible to substitute the resource mix of a 'real' farm for the •average' and to substitute various types of season for the 'average'.

Assumptions of 'average' farm resources and •average' season are based on opinions by WADA researchers and advisers. For the EWM, researchers and advisers at Merredin prescribed average resources for an eastern wheatbelt farm receiving a 300 mm average rainfall including 210 …

Alfalfa In Livestock Feeding Programs, Gary T. Lane

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

A magazine article entitled "Bidders Paid More For Quality at Wisconsin Hay Auction" caught my attention. Did they really pay more money for higher quality. I could not help but think of some hay sales which I have witnessed. One dollar per bale, large bales, small round bales, sixty dollars per ton, and $275 per ton are all some quotes I have heard recently in connection with hay purchases. Not much is said about quality. We may hear relative terms such as good, not much grass, cut early, not rained on or others but not much about nutrient content or …

Grazing Alfalfa, Charles T. Dougherty

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa (Medicaao sativa) is a native of an area south of the Black and Caspian seas and it still grows wild in Iran and eastern Anatolia. Alfalfa was the chosen forage for the fighting horses of ancient armies as long ago as 1800 B.C. when the Kassites conquered Babylon. The spread of alfalfa followed the pathway of armies through the Mediterranean, Europe, and the New World. For ages before man used alfalfa to fuel his fighting animals natural selection processes worked on the evolution of alfalfa and its predecessors. A scenario which would account for the morphology and …

Chemical Preservation Of Alfalfa Hay, Dan O. Riddell

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Kentucky farmers harvest about 3 million tons of hay annually. In order to minimize dry matter losses and quality deterioration, hay should be baled with about 20% moisture. Unfortunately, adequate time required to field-dry hay to 20% moisture is often not available due to weather conditions. This is especially true for the first cutting of alfalfa in the spring. Many farmers are forced to choose between letting cut hay get rained on or baling hay wetter than is recommended. Hay baled with more than 20-25% moisture generally becomes moldy and undergoes a heating process which makes part of the protein …

Biological Control Of Alfalfa Insect Pests, Chris M. Christensen

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is a succulent plant that obviously is good feed for large herbivores such as cattle and horses. Therefore, it should not be surprising that a large number of small herbivores such as insects also find this plant delicious. Fortunately, most of these insects are not major pests. However, we do have a couple pest insects that annually attack this valuable crop and often cause economic damage.

Controlling insect pests is expensive and time consuming. However, not controlling them can be disastrous to the profit margin of the alfalfa producer. Entomologists who work on the insect pests of alfalfa have …

Spatial Patterns Of Plant Communities And Differential Weathering In Navajo National Monument, Arizona, Jack D. Brotherson, William E. Evenson, Samuel R. Rushforth, John Fairchild, Jeffrey R. Johansen

Great Basin Naturalist

Vegetation patterns in Navajo National Monument, Arizona, were studied over a five-year period from 1977 to 1981. Twelve distinct plant community types occur within the boundaries of the park. These communities are characterized and the dominant plant species of each are recorded. The relationships of parent material, soils, and moisture to plant communities are also discussed. It appears that discrete communities occupy soils of different characteristics, particularly with respect to amount of weathering of parent material.

Capeweed, Radish, Wild Oats, Sarsaparilla, Four O'Clock, Saffron Thistle, Onion Weed, Carnation Weed, J. R. Peirce, B J. Raynor

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85WH59, Capeweed time of spraying. Demonstration, capeweed, oil additions. 85N080, radish, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N081, radish, nozzle angles x rates. 85N082, wild oats, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N083, wild oats, nozzle angles x Rates. 85ME1, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85N075, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85TS26, 85ME48, 85ME104, 85GE29, saffron thistle, control with ear spraying in pasture. 85TS41, 85GE29a, saffron thistle, chemical control of seed set, 85TS27, saffron thistle, grazing trial. 85GE36, onion weed, chemicals in pasture. 85GE35, carnation weed, chemicals in pasture.

Intsormil 1985 Annual Report: Fighting Hunger With Research, John M. Yohe

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

This annual report covers the activities for program Year 6, the final year of operation under the initial grant document.

The CRSP's present a unique model for conducting agricultural research in collaboration with developing country agricultural research programs.

The INTSORMIL program also demonstrates these characteristics:

-- INTSORMIL has the dual goal of improving agriculture in the developing countries and in the United States.

- The seven participating U.S. institutions agree to contribute at least 25% of the cost of the CRSP from non-federal resources (in money or in kind), justified on the basis of benefits that can accrue to their …

Trends In Pollination Biology, Herbert G. Baker

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

An effusion of books and articles on pollination biology has appeared recently, showing a renewed interest in this area of reproductive biology that has strong significance for the continuous evolution of seed plants. Consequently, a comprehensive review is not possible in this paper; topics have been selected and a restricted number of examples given. New findings in "classical" pollination scenarios are reported, while newer topics include the chemistry of nectar in relation to phylogeny and pollinator types. The formation of "pollination ecotypes" within species is considered but the obstructive influence of "phylogenetic constraint" on close adaptation between flower and pollinator …

Monographing In The 1980s, Ghillean T. Prance

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The production of taxonomic monographs is discussed in light of the modern tools that are available for their preparation. There is a great need for more monographs since much of the world's flora is not treated in contemporary revisions. These should be a balance between the traditional aspects that must still be employed such as the nomenclatural framework and the consultation of type specimens, and the use of modem techniques, computer data analysis and field work. The importance of field studies in association with monographic studies is stressed both to give a better understanding of traditional morphological features and to …

Pasture Species Investigations., D. A. Nicolas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Screening of alternatives to cv. Woogenellup clover. N. Bannister, 81NA37. Byford, 81PE6.

Screening 83MA7, Wilgarup, 83AL49, Hazelvale, 83BU22, Bramley 84V7 - Vasse Research Station.

Screening of early to midseason maturing lines of subterranean clover. 85N056, Beverley, 85M043, W. Calingari.

Screening of early maturing lines of subclover. Tarwonga, 84NA27. Wongan Hills Research Station, 84WH35. Dangin, 85N055. Wongan Hills Research Station, 85WH33.