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Aerobic Stability Of Heat And Orchardgrass Round-Bale Silage, Robert T. Rhein, Wayne K. Coblentz, Charles F. Rosenkrans Jr., D. Wayne Kellog

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

In Arkansas, silage is typically stored as balage in long rows of round bales wrapped in plastic film. It is important to evaluate the aerobic stability of this fermented forage when it is exposed to air, especially during the winter months when most of it is fed to livestock or sold as a cash crop. Two types of forage, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), were harvested in May 2002 and stored as balage. Twenty-one bales of each balage type were unwrapped and exposed to air on 10 Dec. 2002 for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, or 32 …

Distribution Of Legumes Along Gradients Of Slope And Soil Electrical Conductivity In Pastures, John A. Guretzky, Kenneth J. Moore, C. Lee Burras, E. Charles Brummer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Legumes establish and persist on backslope landscape positions but fail on summits and toeslopes in southeastern Iowa pastures, suggesting that these pastures be managed site specifically. Visual delineation of landscape positions, however, can be difficult, and char- acterization of spatial variability through soil sampling is expensive. Creation of digital elevation models (DEM) and apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) mapping are inexpensive alternatives to de- scribing field conditions. Our objective was to examine the relationships of DEM-derived slope, soil EC_a, and legume distribution in pastures.We examined these relationships across four 1.4-ha pastures. Each pasture was divided into …

Banksia Woodland Resilience To Groundwater Drawdown On The Gnangara Mound, Llewellyn Broun

Theses : Honours

Water is considered to be the major limiting resource to plant growth and survival in regions with a Mediterranean-type climate, particularly during dry summer periods when low water potentials develop (Poole et al., 1981; Miller et al., 1983-84; Mooney and Miller, 1985; Stock et al., 1992). The Swan Coastal Plain is situated within this climatic region and interactions between the climate, soil and geology has an important bearing on the water requirements of the associated Banksia woodlands (Dodd and Heddle, 1989). The assessment of the condition of any vegetative community and in this case, the resilience of Banksia woodlands to …

The Effectiveness Of Post-Fire Weed Management And The Germination Ecology Of Selected Invasive Weed Species Of Bold Park, Brett Neasham

Theses : Honours

Bold Park is a 437 hectare A class reserve with high conservation value. Bold park is located on the Swan Coastal Plain, approximately 11 km west of the Perth CBD. Bold park is one of the few remaining coastal bushland reserves on the Swan Coastal Plain. High levels of floristic and faunal diversity contribute to Bold Park's conservation value. Weed invasion in Bold Park is reducing floristic diversity and is modifying ecosystem processes. Principle in the modified ecosystem processes is fire. While fire is a natural disturbance event in the bushland of the south-west of Western Australia, altered fire regimes …

Evaluation Of Agronomic Performance Of Forage Grasses In Tiahuanaco, Justiniano Mamani Condori

Theses and Dissertations

Most families in the area of Tiahuanaco, Bolivia participate in livestock production, mainly cattle breeding. The primary feed sources for livestock in this area are native grasses, barley, and, to a smaller degree, oats. These grasses have low yield because of climate and soil conditions. This area does not have enough forage, especially during the dry season, and the animals are not regularly fed during the year. Consequently, animal production is low. This research was conducted during 2001 and 2002 at the Bolivian Catholic University campus, Farmer’s Academic Unit of Tiahuanaco, Ingavi Province, La Paz, Bolivia. Study site locations were …

Detection Of Moniliformin In Maize Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, C. M. Maragos

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Moniliformin is a mycotoxin produced by certain fungi pathogenic to maize. It is capable of causing disease in domestic animals, possibly through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Testing for MON commonly involves extraction of maize, isolation of moniliformin using solid-phase extraction columns and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography. A capillary zone electrophoresisdiode array detection (CZE-DAD) method for determination of moniliformin in maize is reported. The extraction and isolation procedures are similar to those of a commonly used HPLC method, while the detection step requires only 10 min. Sixty-three samples of maize were tested by an established HPLC …

Levels And Changes Of Soil Phosphorus In Subtropical Beef Cattle Pastures, Gilbert C. Sigua, Mary J. Williams, Samuel W. Coleman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Long-term pasture management is believed to change soil chemical properties, but little is known about whether pasture management, such as fertilizer application, grazing, or haying can initiate such change in sandy and well-drained subtropical beef pastures. The objective of this study was to investigate the long term effect of pasture management (grazing+haying, GZ+HY) on soil phosphorus (P) dynamics (levels and changes) in subtropical beef cattle pastures with bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum) and rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata) with (WP) or without (WNP) P fertilization in Brooksville, FL from 1988 to 2000. Soil P dynamics in Subtropical Agricultural Research …

Plasma Clearance And Tissue Distribution Of Radiolabeled Leptin In The Chicken, John P. Mcmurtry, Christopher M. Ashwell, Donna M. Brocht, Thomas J. Caperna

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Leptin is an adipose and liver tissue-derived secreted protein in chickens that has been implicated in the regulation of food intake and whole-body energy balance. In this study, the metabolic clearance and tissue uptake of leptin were examined in the chicken (Gallus gallus). Four-week-old broiler males were infused with ¹²⁵I-labeled mouse leptin. Chromatography of radiolabeled leptin in plasma produced two peaks, one at 16 kDa (free leptin) and a free iodine peak. No leptin binding protein in blood was detected. Leptin was cleared with a half-life estimate of 23 min. In order to investigate the tissue distribution …

Registration Of Nineteen Waxy Spring Wheats, Robert A. Graybosch, E.J. Souza, W.A. Berzonsky, P. Stephen Baenziger, D.J. Mcvey, O.K. Chung

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Nineteen spring waxy (amylose-free) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines (Reg. no. GP-748 to GP-766, PI 619354–619357, 619359–619363, 619365–619369, 619371–619375) were developed and released by the ARS, USDA, and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Agricultural Experiment Stations of North Dakota and Idaho in September 2002. Waxy wheats carry three non-functional (null) alleles (Wx-A1b, Wx-B1b, and Wx-D1b) at the genetic loci encoding the enzyme granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC 2.4.1.21) (Nakamura et al., 1995). GBSS also is known as the “waxy” protein. Waxy wheats produce endospermstarch that is nearly devoid of amylose. Such starch …

Habitat Manipulation Of The Apple Orchard Floor To Increase Ground-Dwelling Predators And Predation Of Cydia Pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Clarissa R. Mathews, Dale G. Bottrell, M. W. Brown

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Augmenting generalist predator populations in new apple (Malus domestica Bork) plantings could potentially aid in the establishment of balanced orchard ecosystems that are less susceptible to pest outbreaks. Habitat can be an important factor in retaining predators in a system and can affect predator efficiency. We investigated the potential of increasing a complex of generalist ground-dwelling predators and enhancing biological control in a young 'Golden Delicious' apple orchard through ground habitat manipulation. We modified the orchard floor with four comparative habitat treatments: (1) detritus-rich compost mulch layer, (2) detritus-free synthetic mulch layer, (3) herbicide-treated vegetation thatch, and (4) bare …

Multiple Virus Infections In The Honey Bee And Genome Divergence Of Honey Bee Viruses, Yanping Chen, Yanping Zhao, John Hammond, Hei-Ti Hsu, Jay Evans, Mark Feldlaufea

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Using uniplex RT-PCR we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and sacbrood virus (SBV), and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. We report for the first time that individual bees can harbor four viruses simultaneously. We also developed a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple bee viruses. The feasibility and specificity of the multiplex RT-PCR assay suggests that this assay is an effective tool for simultaneous examination of mixed virus infections in …

Comparison Of Production, Meat Yield, And Meat Quality Traits Of Nwac103 Line Channel Catfish, Norris Line Channel Catfish, And Female Channel Catfish × Male Blue Catfish F1 Hybrids, Brian G. Bosworth, William R. Wolters, Juan L. Silva, Roberto S. Chamul, Sinyoung Park

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

NWAC103 line channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Norris line channel catfish, and Norris line female channel catfish × Dycus Farm line male blue catfish I. furcatus F₁ hybrids were compared for production, meat yield, and meat quality traits. Juvenile fish from each genetic group were stocked at 12,000 fish/ha into three, 0.04-ha ponds per genetic group. Fish were fed once daily to satiation from June through October, and fed on days when afternoon water temperatures were above 17 °C from November through December. Fish were harvested, weighed, and counted in January, and 150 fish per genetic group (50 fish …

The Accidental Plant Pathologist, Anne K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

This article presents the experiences of a woman in academic plant pathology from the 1950s to today. Topics include the social climate for women in science, personal and professional developments and research discoveries, public policy issues in agriculture and biotechnology affecting plant pathology, and projections for the future of plant pathology.

Biography Of James L. Van Etten, Christen Brownlee, James L. Van Etten

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Green algae, in surface layers of almost every lake or stream, are some of the most common aquatic creatures. However, unbeknownst to researchers until recently, viruses that infect algae are almost as widespread. Entire ecosystems of algal hosts and their corresponding viruses lay hidden until the 1980s, when James L. Van Etten, a professor of plant pathology at the University of Nebraska (Lincoln), and his colleague Russ Meints discovered and began to characterize the first member of what is now a rapidly expanding family of algal viruses. Van Etten and his colleagues have continued to study these intriguing viruses, focusing …

Crop And Soil Productivity Response To Corn Residue Removal: A Literature Review, Wallace Wilhelm, J.M.F. Johnson, J. L. Hatfield, W.B. Voorhees, D.R. Linden

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Society is facing three related issues: over-reliance on imported fuel, increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and producing sufficient food for a growing world population. The U.S. Department of Energy and private enterprise are developing technology necessary to use high-cellulose feedstock, such as crop residues, for ethanol production. Corn (Zea mays L.) residue can provide about 1.7 times more C than barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], soybean [Glycine max L.) Merr.], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues based on …

Old-Field Grassland Successional Dynamics Following Cessation Of Chronic Disturbance, Susan Tunnell, David Engle, Eric Jorgensen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Question: Does increasing i>Festuca canopy cover reduce plant species richness and, therefore, alter plant community composition and the relationship of litter to species richness in old-field grassland?
Location: Southeastern Oklahoma, USA.
Methods: Canopy cover by species, species richness, and litter mass were collected within an old-field grassland site on 16, 40 m x &#;40 m plots. Our study was conducted during the first three years of a long-term study that investigated the effects of low-level nitrogen enrichment and small mammal herbivory manipulations.
Results: Succession was altered by an increase in abundance of Festuca over the 3-yr study period. Species …

Resource Allocation In A Breeding Program For Phosphorus Concentration In Maize Grain, Brandon M. Wardyn, W. Ken Russell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

When beef cattle (Bos taurus) are fed grain of maize (Zea mays L.) in which the concentration of phosphorus (P) exceeds the animal’s need for this element, the excess P is excreted in the feces. Spreading this manure on cropland increases the potential for P pollution of surface waters by run-off. Experiments were undertaken to determine the relative magnitudes of genotypic and nongenotypic variances of P concentration in maize grain (P-Gr) to assess the ability to select maize genotypes in which this trait more closely matches the dietary need of beef cattle. Genetic variability was found in …

Factors Affecting The Realized Niche Of Common Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) In Ridge-Tillage Corn, Michael G. Burton, David A. Mortensen, David B. Marx, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Because soil characteristics and weed densities vary within agricultural landscapes, determining which subfield areas are most favorable to weed species may aid in their management. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether subfield environments characterized by higher soil organic carbon (SOC), or ridge vs. furrow microsites, affect common sunflower seed germination after winter burial, seedling emergence, or the control afforded by a preemergence herbicide in a ridge-tillage corn production system. Among seeds buried in situ during winter months and germinated in the laboratory, no differences in common sunflower seed germination or mortality were detected between high-SOC (1.8% mean) …

Molecular Mapping And Identification Of Soybean Fatty Acid Modifier Quantitative Trait Loci, D. L. Hyten Jr., Vincent R. Pantalone, Arnold M. Saxton, Michael E. Schmidt, Carl E. Sams

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Altering FA content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil for improved functionality is a research goal of many soybean breeders. Several of the genes that alter palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are modifier genes with small effects, causing these FA traits to act as quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify modifier FA quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line population was created from two prominent ancestors of currently avail-able U.S. cultivars (Essex and Williams) and grown in five environments. One hundred simple se-quence repeat markers spaced throughout the genome …

Implementation Of A Mitochondrial Mutator, Sally Mackenzie, Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant MSH1 polynucleotides and polypeptides are described. Also described are methods for the use and modulation of such MSH1 polynucleotides and polypeptides.

Deletion Of The Δ12-Oleic Acid Desaturase Gene Of A Nonaflatoxigenic Aspergillus Parasiticus Field Isolate Affects Conidiation And Sclerotial Development, Perng Kuang Chang, Richard A. Wilson, Nancy P. Keller, Thomas E. Cleveland

Fungal Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions

Aims: To investigate how linoleic acid affects conidial production and sclerotial development in a strictly mitotic Aspergillus parasiticus field isolate as related to improving biocompetitivity of atoxigenic Aspergillus species.

Methods and Results: We disrupted A. parasiticus Δ12-oleic acid desaturase gene (odeA) responsible for the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. We examined conidiation and sclerotial development of SRRC 2043 and three isogenic mutant strains deleted for the odeA gene (DodeA), either with or without supplementing linoleic acid, on one complex potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and on two defined media: nitrate-containing Czapek agar (CZ) and Cove’s ammonium …

Water Quality And The Grazing Animal, R. K. Hubbard, G. L. Newton, G. M. Hill

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Grazing animals and pasture production can affect water quality both positively and negatively. Good management practices for forage production protect the soil surface from erosion compared with conventionally produced crops. Grazing animals and pasture production can negatively affect water quality through erosion and sediment transport into surface waters, through nutrients from urine and feces dropped by the animals and fertility practices associated with production of high-quality pasture, and through pathogens from the wastes. Erosion and sediment transport is primarily associated with high-density stocking and/ or poor forage stands. The two nutrients of primary concern relating to animal production are N …

Elemental Uptake In Relation To Root Characteristics Of Tall Fescue, Glenn E. Shewmaker, Douglas A. Johnson, Henry F. Mayland, Scott A. Martin, Susie B. Hansen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

HiMag, an accession of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), was selected for high magnesium (Mg) concentration in leaves to reduce grass tetany risk to ruminants. However, the mechanism for enhanced Mg uptake in HiMag leaves has not been determined. The objective was to investigate if increased Mg uptake in HiMag could be explained by differences in elemental distribution among plant parts, root characteristics, or organic acid concentrations compared to its parental cultivars, ‘‘Kentucky 31’’ (KY31) and ‘‘Missouri 96’’ (MO96). The study was conducted on a surface-irrigated calcareous Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic, Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid). Vegetation and soil …

Betaine Improves Growth, But Does Not Induce Whole Body Or Hepatic Palmitate Oxidation In Swine (Sus Scrofa Domestica), Diane Wray-Cahen, Ignacio Fernández-Fígares, Erkki Virtanen, Norman C. Steele, Thomas J. Caperna

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Dietary betaine may reduce carcass fat in growing pigs. We explored the effects of betaine on short-term growth and in vivo and in vitro fatty acid oxidation. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed diets containing either 0% (control), 0.125% or 0.5% betaine at 80% of ad libitum energy intake. Fatty acid oxidation was measured during intravenous infusions of 1-¹³C-palmitate and in hepatocytes incubated in the presence or absence of betaine and carnitine. CO₂ and palmitate isotopic enrichments were determined by mass spectrometry. Pigs consuming 0.125% and 0.5% betaine for at least 9 days had growth …

Case Study: Effects Of Delaying Implant And Programmed Rate Of Gain On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Beef Steers, G. Scaglia, L. W. Greene, F. T. Mccollum, N. A. Cole, T. H. Montgomery

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Ninety-six steers (average BW = 335 ± 36 kg) were allotted in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were 1) implant on d 1 or no implant and 2) ad libitum access to feed on d 1 or programmed-fed for a target BW gain of 1.4 kg/d during the first 62 d of the feeding period. On d 63, all steers were implanted with Revalor-S^® (Hoechst Roussel Vet, Overland Park, KS) and provided ad libitum access to feed until harvest. From d 63 to 116, ADG and gain efficiency (g gain/kg …

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Feedlot Steers: Effects Of Delayed Implanting And Programmed Feeding During The Growing Period, G. Scaglia, L. W. Greene, F. T. Mccollum Iii, N. A. Cole, T. H. Montgomery

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of programming the rate of gain and delaying the first implant in feedlot steers on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Ninety-six growing steers (269 ± 16.2 kg) were assigned to 12 pens in a completely randomized design. Treatments were implant (Synovex-S^®; 20 mg estradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone; Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) on d 1 or no implant and programmed feeding to gain at a slow (0.68 kg/d) or fast (1.14 kg/d) rate during the growing period; these treatments were randomly assigned (n = 8) to …

Spectacular Recovery In The Ord River Catchment, A L. Payne, I W. Watson, P E. Novelly

Agriculture reports

Regeneration work on severely damaged country in what is now known as the Ord River Regeneration Reserve (ORRR) commenced in 1960. The ORRR is in the East Kimberley area of Western Australia with an associated small area in the Northern Territory. The work included strip contour cultivation and seeding (which proceeded at various levels of intensity during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s), fencing and destocking of cattle by mustering over many years, and the eradication of donkeys.

Pastoral Resources And Their Management In The Pilbara Region Of Western Australia, A M E Van Vreeswyk, Alan Payne, K A. Leighton

Agriculture reports

This report is a product of the rangeland survey of the Pilbara area of Western Australia which was conducted jointly by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Land Administration ... in 1995-1999. This report is primarily intended to be used to assist pastoralists in station management and to assist others involved with the pastoral industry. The survey area includes all of the De Grey, East Pilbara and Roebourne/Port Hedland Land Conservation Districts, part of the Ashburton Land Conservation District.

A Guide To Growing Healthy Trees In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, Valley Proud Environmental Council, Texas Forest Service, Texas Urban Forestry Council, Brownsville Public Utilities Board, Brownsville Beautification Committee, Joe Ideker, Steve Benn, Beau Hollingsworth, Chris Best, Robert I. Lonard

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

No abstract provided.

Supplemental Forms Of Intellectual Property Protection For Plants, Mark D. Janis

Articles by Maurer Faculty

A new hierarchy of intellectual property protection for plant innovation is emerging. Utility patent protection is poised to become the dominant intellectual property mechanism for plants in the U.S. and perhaps elsewhere. Plant breeder's rights systems continue to garner a dedicated following, especially in developing countries, as a means for complying with international intellectual property treaty obligations. But while utility patent and plant breeder's rights regimes have come to occupy the first tier of the intellectual property hierarchy for plants, other forms of intellectual property protection remain important, albeit in a supplemental role. This article surveys supplemental intellectual property strategies …