Digital Commons Network^™

Characterization Of Spontaneous Hypertension In Chlorocebus Aethiops Sabaeus, The African Green Monkey, Megan K. Rhoads

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Hypertension is a complex multifactorial pathology that is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and end stage renal disease. In the United States, hypertension affects over 1 in 3 adults and comprises an annual cost of over $58 billion in the healthcare industry. While remarkable strides in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension have been made since the pathology was first treated in the 1960s, a remarkable 13% of patients with elevated blood pressures are classified as resistant hypertensive, where blood pressure remains uncontrolled while on three or more classes of anti-hypertensive drugs. This treatment …

The Influence Of Physiological And Abiotic Factors On The Sensitivity Of The Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus) To The Lampricide 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (Tfm), Alexandra Muhametsafina

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes are controlled using the pesticide (lampricide) 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), which is applied to nursery streams containing larval lamprey. The toxicity of TFM to lamprey is affected by various environmental and physiological factors, which can lead to residual lamprey that survive TFM treatment. The goal of this study was to investigate how abiotic (season and temperature) factors interacted with physiological parameters (whole body and tissue energy reserves) to influence TFM sensitivity in sea lamprey. Toxicity tests were conducted at different times of the year (spring, early and late summer, fall) and …

Examining The Effects Of Interleukin-6 On Appetite Regulatory Peptides In Lean And Obese Sedentary Males, Greg L. Mckie

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Acute moderate-intensity exercise transiently suppresses appetite via fluctuations in the appetite-regulatory peptides acylated ghrelin (AG), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine_3-36 (PYY_3-36), and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Importantly, these effects do not lead to compensatory changes in energy intake in normal weight or obese individuals, highlighting the potential for exercise to induce acute energy deficits. One potential mechanism for these effects is increased post-exercise plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, as IL-6 has demonstrated appetite-inhibitory effects in animal and cell culture models. Given obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and associated with upregulated IL-6, this study sought to …

Oral Glucose Insulin Secretion Test For Identifying Patients With Insulin Resistance, David Kershner

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Insulin resistance is an increasing public health issue with the current literature, suggesting reduced sensitivity of insulin leads to adult onset diabetes and associated downstream pathologies that reduce life expectancy. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of the Oral Glucose Insulin Secretion Test (OGIST) to identify insulin resistance and examine differences in the insulin sensitivity based on gender, age, and ethnicity. This study was supported by the insulin resistance theory which focuses on the reduced ability of insulin to bind to the cellular insulin receptor, reducing the sensitivity of insulin. The OGIST lab results of …

Consequences Of Porcine Zona Pellucida Immunocontraception To Feral Horses, Cassandra M.V. Nuñez

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraception was developed to provide a more humane, effective, and inexpensive method of population regulation for wildlife species. It has been used to regulate populations of several species including white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), elk (Cervus elaphus ), black bear (Ursus americanus ), and the feral horse (Equus ferus caballus) with varying levels of success. Early studies on Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, USA, suggested PZP was as an ideal form of fertility control because it reduced the likelihood of conception to

Physiological Responses In Reindeer To The Application Of A Conducted Electrical Weapon, Camilla L. Lieske, Kimberlee B. Beckmen, Larry L. Lewis

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEWs) have potential as effective alternatives to chemical restraint for short-term non-routine capture and handling as well as aversion hazing of wildlife. To assess immediate and delayed physiologic effects of exposure to a CEW, we assigned 15 captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) to one of three treatment groups: immobilized with carfentanil and xylazine (CX), 10 second exposure to a CEW, or exposure to the CEW while immobilized with CX (CEW+CX). Blood samples were collected pre-treatment, immediately post-intervention, 10 min, 20 min, 4 hours, and 24 hours post-intervention. Physiologic effects were evaluated by analysis of blood, …

Role Of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) In Stimulating Strength Improvements Induced By Short-Term Resistance Training, David Church

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Strength adaptations from short-term resistance training are thought to be related primarily to neurological adaptations. Considering brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) role in the nervous system, it is possible that BDNF has a role in these adaptations. Fourteen untrained males were randomized into either a resistance training (RT; n =8) or control (CON; n=6) group. Motor unit (MU) recruitment at 50% and 80% of each participant's maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and thickness (MT), as well as one-repetition maximum (1RM) of the squat (SQT), leg press (LP), and leg extension (LE) were performed before (PRE) and …

Examining Work-To-Rest Ratios To Optimize Upper Body Sprint Interval Training, Michael La Monica

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic influence of varying work-to-rest ratios during upper body sprint interval training (SIT). Forty-two recreationally trained men were randomized into one of three training groups [10s work bouts with two minutes of rest (10:2, n = 11) or four minutes of rest (10:4, n = 11), or 30s work bouts with four minutes of rest (30:4, n = 10)] or a control group (CON, n = 10). Participants underwent six training sessions over two weeks with four to six 'all-out' sprints. During pre- and post-intervention visits, participants underwent a graded …

The Effects Of Two Different Sports Drinks On Rpe And Finishing Speed Of An Endurance Run In Highly Trained Distance Runners, Matthew J. Feldhake

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a protein-containing sport drink with a traditional non-protein sport drink has on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and finishing speed of an half marathon. Of the possible factors that would support including protein in a sport drink the primary one was its inhibitory effect on serotonin release in the brain. This could help attenuate perceived exertion, thus allowing individuals to compete at a higher level for longer durations (Davis, Alderson, & Welsh, 2000).

This study was conducted using nine members of the Eastern Illinois University Men's Cross Country team. …

Impact Of Temperature Increase On Freshwater Fish Species: Energetics And Muscle Mechanics Of Two Centrarchids, Israt Jahan

Masters Theses

Fishes have evolved physiologically to live within a specific range of environmental variation and existence outside of that range can be stressful or fatal. These ranges can coincide for fishes that evolved in similar habitats. This study investigates physiological processes limiting thermal tolerance, specifically how changes in water temperature affect the swimming energetics and muscle mechanics in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). I focused on the impact of temperature change at the muscle level in these two species and the capacity to adapt to rapid changes in the environment. Fish were housed at …

The Effect Of Dynamic Balance Performance On Lower Extremity Injury In Division Iii Football Players, Brian J. Coulombe, Cameron J. Powden

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Vitellogenesis In The Bonnethead Shark Sphyrna Tiburo, Adrien Kathleen Mowle

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Vitellogenin (Vtg) is a precursor to yolk-proteins produced in the liver of many invertebrates and non-mammalian vertebrates; its synthesis is stimulated by the hormone estradiol (E2). This study is the first to characterize vitellogenin synthesis in a placental viviparous elasmobranch, the yolk-sac placental bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. This study focused on determining where and when Vtg is produced, as well as what hormonal factors regulate Vtg production. The liver was confirmed as the site of Vtg production via immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity was also observed within granulosa cells of ovarian follicles; further experimentation is needed to determine if this is indicative …

Does A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes Affect Exercise Induced Improvements In Insulin Sensitivity, Metabolic Flexibility, And Myokine Expression In Mexican-American Males?, Manuel Amador

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

A family history of diabetes (FH+) is considered a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not known whether exercise induced improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) and metabolic flexibility (MF) are impacted by a FH+. Purpose: To determine if a FH+ limits exercise induced improvements in Insulin sensitivity, MF, body composition, and strength following an 8-week combined aerobic and resistance training intervention compared to those without a family history of diabetes (FH-). Methods: 19 (FH- n=9, age 21.89 ± 0.60 years, BMI 27.51 ± 1.68 kg/m2; FH+ n=10, age 23.41 ± 0.86 …

Effects Of Aldosterone On Striatin And Caveolin-1 Protein Levels In Rat Kidney: Role Of Mineralocorticoid Receptor, Kevalin Inthachart

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone is a steroid hormone which plays an important role in maintenance of sodium, potassium, and acid-base balance. Aldosterone actions are mediated by mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) that could operate via genomic or nongenomic pathways. It has been shown that MR forms a complex with several molecules including scaffolding proteins, such as striatin and caveolin-1 (cav-1). Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that aldosterone increased striatin and cav-1 protein abundance. In addition, both striatin and cav-1 could interact with MR. However, there is no in vivo study of aldosterone effects on striatin and cav-1 protein levels in rat kidney. …

Involvement Of Nucleus Raphe Magnus In Neuronal Excitability Of Long Term Paracetamol-Treated Rats, Prangtip Potewiratnanond

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study examined an involvement of nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) on neuronal excitability at cortex and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) of chronic paracetamol-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were separated into two main groups. The rats in paracetamol-treated group were intraperitoneally injected with 200 mg/kg paracetamol while 0.9% NaCl was injected in control rats for 30 days. In the first experiment, cortical spreading depression (CSD) event was initiated and direct current (DC) shift was recorded for 2 hours. Thirty minutes after CSD induction, the rats were injected with glutamate, muscimol or saline at NRM and continued signal recording. In the second …

Appropriate Preconditioning Of The Uterine Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Inhibits Preterm Labor, Judith Ann Ingles

Wayne State University Dissertations

Introduction: In this study, we are testing the overarching hypothesis that preconditioning the myometrial UPR allows for the maintenance of non-apoptotic CASP3 activity and thus sustains uterine quiescence. We have previously demonstrated that the pregnant uterus facilitates uterine quiescence through UPR mediated activation of non-apoptotic CASP3, yet the mechanism in which CASP3 utilizes to avoid its apoptotic cell fate is unresolved. There is a growing body of evidence including our own that demonstrates remote and direct preconditioning with minor stresses propagates cytoprotective mechanisms that allow for the avoidance of apoptotic cell death upon exposure to a subsequent more damaging stress, …

Branched Short Chain Fatty Acid Isovaleric Acid Causes Smooth Muscle Relaxation Via Camp/Pka Pathway, Inhibits Gastrointestinal Motility, And Disrupts Peristaltic Movement, Bryan Adam Blakeney

Theses and Dissertations

Isovaleric Acid (IVA) is a 5-carbon branched chain fatty acid present in fermented foods and produced by the fermentation of leucine by colonic bacteria. IVA activates G-protein coupled receptors such as FFAR2, FFAR3, and OR51E1 known to be expressed on enteric neurons and enteroendocrine cells. We previously reported that the shorter, straight chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate, differentially affect colonic propulsion; however, the effect of branched chain fatty acids on gastrointestinal motility is unknown. We hypothesize that IVA relaxes smooth muscle in a cAMP/PKA dependent manner by direct action on smooth muscle cells. IVA will also decrease peristalsis …

Role Of C121a In Mglur2 Homodimeric Expression And Function, Jong M. Shin

Theses and Dissertations

The group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are known for their involvement in various psychiatric disorders. The mGluR2 in particular is linked with etiology of schizophrenia especially in the context of crosstalk with 5-HT2A. Thus, the mGluR2 has attracted attentions for its potential therapeutic applications. Despite numerous physiological evidences on the actions of mGluR2, its mechanism is still unclear to this day. It is partially due to the lack of understanding in characteristics of mGluR2 homodimer which is its functionally active form. Therefore, the characterization of dimeric interaction serves as a foundation to advanced understanding of the role of mGluR2. On …

Impact Of Aerobic Exercise On Monocyte Subset Receptor Expression And Macrophage Polarization, Anson M. Blanks

Theses and Dissertations

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is hallmarked by inflammatory immune activation, particularly by the induction of a response by monocytes. Classical (CD14⁺⁺CD16^-) are anti-inflammatory mediators under homeostatic conditions, while intermediate (CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺) and non-classical (CD14^LowCD16⁺⁺) monocytes promote inflammation following activation. Monocyte activation and functionality is dependent upon receptor expression and ligand production by a variety of cells, including monocytes. Alterations in the expression of surface receptors often have a direct impact upon monocyte function, such as the increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to activation that accompanies elevated CD14 expression …

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Dependent Effects Of Nicotine On Hek293t And Hbo Cells, James D. Larsen

Theses and Dissertations

T2R receptors are the classical bitter taste receptors which detect and transduce bitter taste in a subset of taste receptor cells (TRCs). The TRPM5-dependent T2Rs are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are linked to G protein, gustducin to initiate an intracellular signaling cascade for the transduction of bitter tastants. Nicotine is bitter. However, at present the transduction mechanisms for the detection of nicotine in are poorly understood. Previous studies from our laboratory using TRPM5 knockout (KO) mice demonstrated that the T2R pathway is insufficient in explaining the taste perception of nicotine. TRPM5 KO mice elicited chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve …

Chronic Clozapine Treatment Impairs Functional Activation Of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Via An Hdac2-Depedent Mechanism, Travis M. Cuddy

Theses and Dissertations

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder affecting millions worldwide. It has no known cure. Current pharmaceutical treatments have shown efficacy in only one of the three symptom clusters of schizophrenia, providing little or no benefit in the other two. Furthermore, the current standard-of-care drugs, known as atypical antipsychotics, carry risks of severe side effects affecting multiple body systems. Most patients opt to discontinue drug therapy within two years of initiation due to lack of efficacy and/or preponderance of adverse effects. Previous findings have shown that chronic usage of atypical antipsychotics causes a 5-HT_2A-dependent upregulation of histone deacetylase 2 …

The Effect Of Stride Frequencies On Running Performance At The Velocity Of Vo2max, Boram Lim

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Running economy(RE) is considered to be a critical factor to improve running performance. Stride frequency(SF) is an important variable for determining RE. The importance of SF has gained more attention in recent years, especially for recreational runners. However, no previous research has investigated the interaction between running performance and SF at the velocity of VO₂max. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of five different SF variations on running performance until volitional fatigue at the velocity of VO₂max. METHODS: Fourteen male recreational runners (Age = 25.8 ± 4.96 years, Height = 171 ± 6.2cm, Body Mass = 71.9 …

Secondary School Athletic Training Facility Scavenger Hunt Orientation, Joseph Vogler

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Exercise Dependence And Shin Pain In A Division I Cross-Country Runner: A Case Study, Allyssa K. Memmini

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The following case investigates insidious onset of shin pain in a Division I female cross-country runner. Though her initial evaluation revealed early onset medial tibial stress syndrome, the sequence of events that occurred immediately afterwards is what makes this case unique. As the student-athlete underwent lower extremity rehabilitation to increase her mileage, she reported that her pain had plateaued. The initial x-ray revealed a periosteal reaction of the posterior left tibia. After adhering to the treatment plan for four weeks, the student-athlete continued to report significant bouts of pain as demonstrated by the Visual Analog Scale. A follow-up x-ray revealed …

Guidelines For Useful Integration Of Patient-Rated Outcome Measures Into Clinical Practice, Skye Livermore-Brasher, Russell Baker, Alan Nasypany, Scott Cheatham

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

New Bone Cell Type Identified As Driver Of Drug Resistance In Multiple Myeloma: The Bone Marrow Adipocyte, Carolyne Falank, Heather Fairfield, Mariah Farrell, Michaela Reagan

MaineHealth Maine Medical Center

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that is characterized by clonal proliferation of transformed plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM) and severe bone disease. Although MM cells are initially sensitive to many therapies, patients eventually relapse with refractory disease. Because MM cells show a dependency on the BM microenvironment for survival and proliferation, and BM adipocytes (BMAs) demonstrate a unique, endocrine signaling capacity and lipid composition, it is likely that there is cross-talk between MM cells and BMAs that leads to tumor support. Unlike the influences of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the effect of BMAs on MM cells is …

Ankle Proprioception Training Program For Preventing Lateral Ankle Sprains In Adolescent Basketball Players: A Case Validation Study, Matthew J. Rivera, Cameron J. Powden, Kenneth E. Games

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Implementing A Behavior Health Policy In The Secondary School, Jamie Nikander, Lindsey E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Specialization In Athletic Training: A Natural Evolution, Jj Wetherington

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

No abstract provided.

Assessing Lower Extremity Injury Risk In A Mid-Atlantic Drum Corps Using The Weight Bearing Lunge Test, Nicolas C. Merritt, Cameron J. Powden

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

With athletic training’s expansion into non-traditional settings, it is important to assess if screening tools can provide value in range of settings. Currently, there is a dearth of information regarding specific models for injury risk assessment in drum corps patients. The Weight Bearing Lunge Test (WBLT) has been used to evaluate those at risk for suffering a lower extremity injury (LEI) in a traditional athletic population. This practice-based research is an attempt to apply current evidence of injury risk assessment use in the traditional settings to performing arts. The purpose of our investigation was to determine the effect of WBLT …