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Gpu And Pso Accelerated Low-Latency Fully-Coherent All-Sky Search For Compact Binary Coalescences, Soumya D. Mohanty

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

The fully-coherent all-sky (FCAS) search, which combines data from a gravitational wave detector network into a single likelihood function, is the preferred method prescribed by statistical theory for Gaussian noise. However, so far, its exorbitant computational cost has blocked its use for compact binary coalescence searches. We introduce a solution combining Particle Swarm Optimization with Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration that is ≈ 50-fold faster than real-time analysis. This transforms the prospect of a low-latency FCAS search on all GW data into a practical reality for the first time. With large-scale simulations enabled by this speedup, we examine the issue …

Determining The Electric Field In A 10 Ns Pulsed Plasma In Fuel-Air Mixtures Using Efish, Md Ziaur Rahman, Christopher J. Kliewer, Brian D. Patterson, Chunqi Jiang

Bioelectrics Publications

Transient plasma ignition (TPI) utilizes non-equilibrium plasmas, produced by nanosecond high-voltage pulses, to improve lean-fuel combustion performance and reduce emission. It is known that the relatively high reduced electric field (E/N) in TPI plays an important role in generating energetic electrons and facilitating energy-efficient radical productions, resulting in reliable ignition for lean combustion. Determining the reduced electric field in the discharge is hence important for the understanding of the TPI process and ultimately allowing for the control of the plasma chemistry. This study reports spatiotemporally resolved measurements of the electric field (E) in a 10 ns pulsed plasma that is …

Front Matter, Konstantin Likharev

Essential Graduate Physics

Includes: Copyright and License; Preface; Disclaimer; Versions, Corrections, and Acknowledgments; Solution Request Templates; Notation; General Table of Contents

Three-Photon Rydberg Eit Lineshape Analysis In Rubidium, Jackson Lake

Honors Theses

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency detection of high-lying Rydberg states in room-temperature rubidium vapor was investigated using a four state ladder-type excitation scheme with light provided by three External Cavity Diode Lasers (ECDLs) at 780 nm, 776 nm, and 1266 nm. This detection technique was studied by characterizing the lineshape parameters of the EIT transmission peak, specifically the height, width and area of the transparency window as functions of the dressing and coupling laser powers. With the goal of characterizing the linewidth of the transmission signal, a confocal etalon was built and implemented in the optical setup to perform frequency calibration of …

Analyzing Rydberg Atoms Of Rubidium At Room Temperature: Applying Electromagnetically Induced Transparency, Bridger Stiles

Honors Theses

This thesis describes an experimental exploration of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atoms of 85Rb using a new MOGLabs external cavity diode laser. A two-step ladder technique of EIT was applied using a 5S_1/2→5P_3/2 probe transition and 5P_3/2→nD_5/2 coupling transitions. Significant apparatus tuning was done, including developing a reliable procedure of regulating frequency and scanning the coupling laser over a sufficient mode-hop free range. A Doppler-reduced technique was applied by counter-propagating the probe and coupling beams through the Rb vapor cell. EIT signals were collected at various probe and coupling laser powers to analyze changes in signal size and linewidth. …

Guitar Amplifier Directivity, Rachel C. Edelman, Brian E. Anderson, Samuel D. Bellows, Timothy W. Leishman

Directivity

No abstract provided.

Uncertainty Quantification, Propagation & Conjunction Assessment In Orbital Mechanics Using Generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion & 2-Dimensional Conjunction Plane Analysis Techniques, Monalisa Karim

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses

Uncertainties, that are inherent to dynamic models, can be associated with state initial conditions, force modelling errors, navigation and actuation errors. In system modelling stochastic differential equations are used to represent dynamic phenomena with uncertainties, for which the solutions are probability density functions of quantities of interest characterizing the realization of the stochastic processes. In Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) propagation, these solutions are represented as weighted sums of multivariate spectral polynomials that are functions of the input random variables. Generalized polynomial chaos expansion (gPC) is an extension to the original homogenous PCE which projects the random solution onto a basis …

Liutex - A Fluid Vortex, Oscar Alvarez

Mathematics Dissertations

Fluid vortices are found everywhere in our universe. A vortex can take the form of almost anything - from the classical spiral vortex to chaotic plumes. Defining a vortex physically and mathematically is absolutely necessary if we desire to study vortices and their interactions with each other as well as our physical world. Fluid vortices are incredibly important in the study of turbulent flows. From determining wear, optimizing design for better flow, efficiency, etc., to even predicting the weather on Earth or other planets, having the ability to measure vortices in fluid flow is invaluable. In this study, I investigate …

An Investigation On Downwind Impacts Of The Keweenaw Peninsula On Lake-Effect Snow Events, Thomas M. Pavell

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Lake-effect snow (LES) produces copious amounts of snow across the Great Lakes region. While mechanisms and impacts are well-understood, they remain difficult to observe and study over Lake Superior and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan due to a large gap in radar coverage and sparse in-situ measurements. The goal of this project aimed to characterize variables present across Lake Superior and counties on and downstream of the Keweenaw Peninsula that contribute to the formation and evolution of lake-effect snowbands. Nine different lake-effect snow events were analyzed in this project, identifying structures and features resulting from upstream passage over the Keweenaw …

Predicting Oil Contamination In Water Using Machine Learning On Microbial Compositions, Tong Gao, Isaac Bigcraft, Stephen Techtmann, Issei Nakamura

Michigan Tech Publications

We present a compact and generative machine-learning framework that predicts oil contamination based on microbial community compositions from experimental samples. Our method combines dimensionality reduction with data augmentation and generative modeling to address high-dimensional, non-linear, and sparse microbial data. To reduce the 503-dimensional bacterial composition dataset, we compared three dimensionality reduction techniques: feature importance from random forest, principal component analysis (PCA), and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Feature importance outperformed PCA and t-SNE, improving predictive performance and identifying microbial species most strongly correlated with oil contamination. To mitigate data scarcity, we augmented the training data using an augmented data neural …

Toward An Event-Level Analysis Of Hadron Structure Using Differential Programming, Kevin Braga, Markus Diefenthaler, Steven Goldenberg, Daniel Lersch, Yaohang Li, Jian-Wei Qiu, Kishansingh Rajput, Felix Ringer, Nobuo Sato, Malachi Schram

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Reconstructing the internal properties of hadrons in terms of fundamental quark and gluon degrees of freedom is a central goal in nuclear and particle physics. This effort lies at the core of major experimental programs, such as the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV program and the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider. A primary challenge is the inherent inverse problem: converting large-scale observational data from collision events into the fundamental quantum correlation functions (QCFs) that characterize the microscopic structure of hadronic systems within the theory of QCD. Recent advances in scientific computing and machine learning have opened new avenues for addressing this challenge using …

Fully Differential Studies On Dissociative Capture In P + D2 Collisions And On Ionization In P + He Collisions, Shruti Majumdar

Doctoral Dissertations

Advancing our understanding of few-body dynamics in simple atomic systems is a fundamental objective in atomic scattering research. The underlying problem is that the Schrödinger equation is not analytically solvable for more than two mutually interacting particles. This involves a comprehensive exploration of various channels, such as ionization, capture, and excitation. A common theoretical approach to describe ion-atom collisions is based on perturbation theory, where the scattering amplitude is expanded in powers of the interaction potential. Here, understanding the few-body problem means accurately describing the relative importance of the higher- vs the first order terms.

In the case of ionization, …

A Chandra View Of Spt-Cl J0217–5014: A Massive Galaxy Cluster At A Cosmic Intersection At Z = 0.53, Dan Hu, Shida Fan, Zhongsheng Yuan, Junjie Mao, Norbert Werner, Yuanyuan Su, François Mernier, Yuanyuan Zhao, Liyi Gu, Haiguang Xu

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Context. Galaxy clusters trace the densest regions of the cosmic web and are crucial laboratories for studying the thermodynamic and chemical evolution of the intracluster medium (ICM). The massive galaxy cluster SPT-CL J0217−5014 (z ∼ 0.53; M₅₀₀ ∼ 3 × 10¹⁴ M_⊙) is one of the Swift X-Ray Telescope serendipitous galaxy clusters with the highest reported Fe abundance (∼1.3 ± 0.4 Z_⊙ within ∼ 1_.^′7) and a potentially disturbed morphology.

Aims. SPT-CL J0217−5014 presents an intriguing opportunity to investigate ICM chemical enrichment and cool-core survival. With this study, we aim to …

A Uniform Analysis Of Gas-Phase Metallicity Evolution With 1–3 Gyr Time Sampling Over The Past 12 Gyr, Shweta Jain, Ryan L. Sanders, Ali Ahmad Khostova, Tucker Jones, Alice E. Shapley, Naveen Reddy, Alex M. Garcia, Paul Torrey, Alison L. Coil

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present a systematic investigation of the evolution of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) and fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) using uniform metallicity diagnostics across redshifts z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 3.3. We present new Keck/Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph measurements of the [O II]λλ3726, 3729 emission line doublet for star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.5 with existing measurements of redder rest-optical lines from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey. These new observations enable uniform estimation of the gas-phase oxygen abundance using ratios of the [O II], Hβ, and [O III] lines for mass-binned samples of star-forming galaxies …

Energy Levels Of Multiscale Bound States From Qed Energy-Momentum Trace, Michael I. Eides, Vladimir A. Yerokhin

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Energy levels of quantum electrodynamics (QED) bound states, which depend on a number of independent mass parameters, can be calculated as matrix elements of the QED energy-momentum tensor trace. As an example of such system we consider muonic hydrogen. The leading one-loop corrections to its energy levels depend on the electron and muon masses. These corrections are calculated as matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor trace. Respective one-loop trace diagrams are different from the standard Lamb shift diagrams. We explain analytically and diagrammatically why two different sets of diagrams lead to the same results. Similar relationships should also hold beyond …

Fe Xviii–Xxiv Kβ Inner-Shell Absorption Lines In The X-Ray Spectra Of Neutron Star And Black Hole Binaries With Xrism, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Daiki Miura, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Ehud Behar, Chris Done, María Díaz Trigo, Chamani M. Gunasekera, Peter A. M. Van Hoof, Stefano Bianchi, Maryam Dehghanian, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The advent of the X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer Resolve onboard the XRISM space telescope opened a new era for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of astrophysical plasmas. Many spectral features were newly detected, including the Kα and Kβ inner-shell transition lines of mildly ionized (F- to Li-like) Fe at 6–8 keV in the spectra of X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. The widely used atomic databases contain information on the Kα but not Kβ lines of these ions. We conducted the atomic structure calculation using FAC to derive the Fe Kα and Kβ lines and verified the …

Efficient Search For Detection Candidates Using A Peak Finder Strategy For All-Sky-All-Frequency Gravitational Wave Radiometer, Arindam Sharma, Deepali Agarwal, Sanjit Mitra

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

The first all-sky-all-frequency (ASAF) radiometer search was conducted using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The significance of this search lies in its fast and unmodeled approach, leveraging a cross-correlation technique to identify common signals across the detector network. As a result, this method serves as an excellent alternative to search for unknown or poorly modeled continuous wave sources and narrow band components of the gravitational wave (GW) background. For continuous wave sources whose waveform can be modeled, this method can serve as the first stage of a hierarchical scheme by …

Pull-Out Performance Of Multiple Glued-In Rods In Sustainable Inorganic-Bonded Bamboo Composite Under Perpendicular-To-Grain Loading, Jing Ru Yao, Shaohua Yu, Qingxia Yue, Hanshu Zhang, Ernian Zhao

Physics and Engineering Science

As a sustainable bio-based material derived from bamboo crops, inorganic-bonded bamboo composite (InorgBam) exhibits excellent environmental sustainability, fire resistance, and long-term durability. To enable its broader adoption in structural applications, robust and efficient connection methods are essential. Glued-in rod (GiR) connections, characterized by high strength, stiffness, and superior fire performance, are especially well-suited for modern engineered bamboo and timber connections. The pull-out behavior of multiple GiRs in InorgBam material under perpendicular-to-grain loading was experimentally investigated using double-, triple-, and quadruple-rod specimens. The influence of anchorage length and spacing on failure modes and load-carrying capacity was systematically analyzed. Results demonstrate that …

A Novel Simulation Framework To Estimate Dynamic Response Of A Solar Panel Array Under Stationary Stochastic Wind Loads, Hanshu Zhang, You Jia Li, Matthew J. Dejong

Physics and Engineering Science

This paper presents a novel simulation framework for estimating the dynamic response of a full-scale ground-mounted solar panel array under stationary wind loads that are spatially correlated across the length of the solar panel array. Specifically, the framework uses mean pressure coefficient distributions along the length of a 1:10 prototype scale of the solar panel array from smooth inflow derived using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software The Wind Engineering with Uncertainty Quantification (WE-UQ). Note that for the CFD simulation, the input wind field across the length of the solar panel array is uniform along the horizontal direction, and …

Preliminary Observations From The Relativistic Electron Atmospheric Loss (Real) Satellite Mission, Evzen Selvon, Robyn Millan

Wetterhahn Science Symposium Posters

The Relativistic Electron Atmospheric Loss (REAL) spacecraft (launched in July 2025) is a 3U cubesat designed to measure the precise energies (1 keV – 2MeV) and pitch angles of electrons entering the Earth’s ionosphere. The mission involves Dartmouth, BU, JHUAPL, MSU, and NASA. REAL carries three particle sensors measuring low, medium, and high energies. This work is focused on the ElectroStatic Analyzer (ESA) instrument, designed to measure lower energy electrons (1-40 keV) in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the Earth’s magnetic field. This research aims to identify notable events observed by the REAL spacecraft for future analysis.

Absolute Quantification And Identification Of Rna From Rna-Lipid Nanoparticles Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Jason C. Funderburk, Yasir A. Alshehry, Matthew S. Halquist Phd, Sandro R.P. Da Rocha Phd

Graduate Research Posters

Background

RNA therapeutics are a rising drug category with potential use for a range of conditions encompassing infectious diseases to therapies for cancer, diseases, and genetic disorders. RNA-lipid nanoparticles (RNA-LNPs) are the prominent delivery method for these therapeutics approved products include mRNA vaccines and polyneuropathy treatments. The emergency use authorizations and orphan drug status of current RNA-LNP drugs has allowed approval without finalization of the regulatory analytical procedures for quality monitoring. The objective of the study was to develop an LC-MS assay to simultaneously measure identity and concentration of two therapeutically relevant intact RNA constructs extracted from RNA-LNPs to enhance …

An Exploration Of Geomagnetically Induced Currents And The Accessibility Of Geomagnetic Data Collection, Richard Le

Physics Theses

Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) are electrical currents induced in long grounded conductors during geomagnetic disturbances. They represent one of the primary space weather hazards to critical infrastructure, particularly high-voltage power transmission systems and other grounded conductor networks such as pipelines. As modern society becomes more dependent on these systems, understanding and mitigating the impacts of space weather has become increasingly important. This thesis examines the physical mechanisms that generate GICs, from the interaction of the solar wind with Earth’s Magnetosphere to Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere (MIT) coupling and the current systems that drive geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs). Case studies from Zimbabwe and Finland illustrate …

Computational Study Of Rotating Detonation Combustors, Aditya Balasubramaniam

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Theses

Rotating detonation combustors (RDCs) are pressure-gain combustion devices that sustain one or more continuously rotating detonation waves, offering potential thermodynamic and performance advantages over conventional deflagration-based systems. Their behavior depends strongly on combustor geometry and operating conditions. Understanding these effects is therefore essential for the design and optimization of practical RDCs. Accordingly, this thesis numerically investigates annular RDCs with two primary objectives: (1) to evaluate the effects of propellant mass flux and (2) to assess the influence of annular width on detonation-wave dynamics and combustor performance.

A finite-volume framework is used to solve the compressible reactive Euler equations with hydrogen–air …

The Hitran2024 Molecular Spectroscopic Database, I. E. Gordon, L. S. Rothman, R. J. Hargreaves, F. M. Gomez, T. Bertin, C. Hill, R. V. Kochanov, Y. Tan, P. Wcisło, V. Yu. Makhnev, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V. Boudon, A. Campargue, A. Coustenis, B. J. Drouin, R. R. Gamache, J. T. Hodges, D. Jacquemart, E. J. Mlawer, A. V. Nikitin, V. I. Perevalov, M. Rotger, S. Robert, J. Tennyson, G. C. Toon, H. Tran, V. G. Tyuterev, E. M. Adkins, A. Barbe, D. M. Bailey, K. Bielska, L. Bizzocchi, T. A. Blake, C. A. Bowesman, P. Cacciani, P. Čermák, A. G. Császár, L. Denis, S. C. Egbert, O. Egorov, A. Yu. Ermilov, A. J. Fleisher, H. Fleurbaey, A. Foltynowicz, T. Furtenbacher, M. Germann, E. R. Guest, J. J. Harrison, J. -M. Hartmann, A. Hjältén, S. -M. Hu, X. Huang, T. J. Johnson, H. Jóźwiak, S. Kassi, M. V. Khan, F. Kwabia-Tchana, T. J. Lee, D. Lisak, A. -W. Liu, O. M. Lyulin, N. A. Malarich, L. Manceron, A. A. Marinina, S. T. Massie, J. Mascio, E. S. Medvedev, V. V. Meshkov, G. Ch. Mellau, M. Melosso, S. N. Mikhailenko, D. Mondelain, H.S.P. Müller, M. O' Donnell, A. Owens, A. Perrin, O. L. Polyansky, P. L. Raston, Z. D. Reed, M. Rey, C. Richard, G. B. Rieker, C. Röske, S. W. Sharpe, E. Starikova, N. Stolarczyk, A. V. Stolyarov, K. Sung, F. Tamassia, J. Terragni, V. G. Ushakov, S. Vasilchenko, B. Vispoel, K. L. Vodopyanov, G. Wagner, S. Wójtewicz, S. N. Yurchenko, N. F. Zobov

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The HITRAN database is a curated compilation of validated molecular spectroscopic parameters, established in the early 1970s. It is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of six major components. These components include the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimentally derived absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally …

References, Appendices & All Parts Merged, Konstantin Likharev

Essential Graduate Physics

Includes: Appendix MA: Selected Mathematical Formulas; Appendix UCA: Selected Physical Units and Constants; References; EGP merged file (all parts, appendices, and references)

The Scattering Algebra Of Physical Space: Squared Massive Constructive Amplitudes, Moab Croft, Neil Christensen

Faculty publications – Physics

The Algebra of Physical Space (APS) is used to explore the Constructive Standard Model (CSM) of particle physics. Namely, this paper connects the spinor formalism of the APS to massive amplitudes in the CSM. A novel equivalency between traditional CSM and APS-CSM formalisms is introduced, called the Scattering Algebra (SA), with example calculations confirming the consistency of results between both frameworks. Through this all, two significant insights are revealed: The identification of traditional CSM spin spinors with Lorentz rotors in the APS, and the connection of the CSM to various formalisms through ray spinor structure. The CSM’s results are …

Amorphous Selenium Photodetectors For Liquid Noble Detectors, Michael Rooks

Physics Dissertations - Archive

Physics offers a way to connect deeply with the mysteries that surround us. Advances in detector physics, particularly in neutrino experiments and rare-event searches, have expanded our ability to probe phenomena that challenge how we describe the universe. Each discovery brings us closer to understanding the unknown, returning us to a sense of wonder that motivates exploration. My work on detector technology was inspired by a concept paper from Professor David Nygren, in which he noted the speculative possibility of integrating photon detection into a charge readout for pixelated liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) using the photoconductor amorphous selenium …

Part Qm: Quantum Mechanics, Konstantin Likharev

Essential Graduate Physics

Includes: Introduction; 1D Wave Mechanics; Higher Dimensionality Effects; Bra-ket Formalism; Some Exactly Solvable Problems; Perturbation Theories; Open Quantum Systems; Multiparticle Systems; Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Mechanics; Making Sense of Quantum Mechanics

Part Cm: Classical Mechanics, Konstantin Likharev

Essential Graduate Physics

Includes: Review of Fundamentals; Lagrangian Formalism; A Few Simple Problems; Oscillations; From Oscillations to Waves; Rigid Body Motion; Deformations and Elasticity; Fluid Mechanics; Deterministic Chaos; A Bit More of Analytical Mechanics

In Situ Observations Of Thermal Ions In Perturbed Ionospheres: Techniques And Results, Magdalina Louise Moses

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Prediction and mitigation of space weather events are active research topics that require knowledge of the physics governing the ionosphere. Sounding rockets can be used to make in situ observations. The Lynch Rocket Lab created the Petite-Ion-Probe (PIP), a small retarding potential analyzer, to measure thermal ion parameters (i.e., ion density and temperature). A PIP's raw data consists of a series of measured anode currents as a function of screen bias voltages, called IV curves. PIPs can be integrated onto a sounding rocket’s main payload and/or be deployed from the rocket on small platforms called ``PIP-Bobs''. Note that as the …