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Colorado "Rush To The Rockies Centennial" Spectroscopy Conference

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Program from the Colorado "Rush to the Rockies Centennial" Spectroscopy Conference, sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Society. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 10-11, 1959.

A Preliminary Search For Subionizers, Joseph B. Hughes

Masters Theses

"A number of physicists of recent years have been attempting to explain the basic nature of the universe in terms of particles. A few particles have been predicted theoretically, and some of these, along with many others have appeared experimentally, Searches for them have presented some interesting experimental problems and brought forth some invaluable experimental apparatus. One of these devices is the Wilson cloud chamber, with which this thesis is concerned.

Of the particles that have been discovered thus far, only the electron and the proton appear to be stable. The rest ultimately decay by the emission of photons and …

A Cell-Center Distribution Function For Liquid Argon, Arthur M. Soellner

Masters Theses

"A theoretical expression for a cell-center distribution function was developed using a fundamental statistical mechanics approach. A free volume picture of the liquid was used with each atom located in a spherical cell formed by its nearest neighbors. Cell-center density distribution curves were obtained for liquid argon for temperatures of 84.4°K, 91.8°K, 126.7°K, 144.1°K, and 149.3°K and for argon gas at 149.3°K, and a comparison made with the experimental atomic distribution curves obtained by Eisenstein. For the first two temperatures a sharper, more definite structure was predicted by the cell model. For the remaining four temperatures, with the assumptions made, …

Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Conference

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Program from the Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Conference, sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Spectroscopy Society. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 11-12, 1958.

Physics, Chapter 33: Magnetic Properties Of Matter, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Matter is composed of atoms consisting of positively charged nuclei and negative electrons. These electrons occur in shells, and the periodic nature of chemical properties of atoms as the atomic weight increases is a reflection of the fact that the chemical behavior of an atom depends largely upon the number of electrons in the outermost shell. In some parts of the periodic table (see Table 5 of Appendix A), electrons occupy places in an outer shell before an inner shell is completely filled; it is then observed that a number of different elements have very similar chemical properties. The same …

Physics, Chapter 28: Electrical Conduction In Liquids And Solids, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

We have seen that electrical conduction in solids is associated with the drift of free electrons in the solid, a process which will be examined in greater detail in Section 28-4. A similar mechanism may be used to account for the conduction of electricity in liquid metals. In other liquids electricity is conducted by the migration of positive and negative ions through the liquid.

Physics, Chapter 5: Force And Motion, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

All of us have many times had the experience of setting a body in motion. If we analyze any of these experiences, we readily recall that in each case some force was required to start the object moving. In throwing a ball, moving a piece of furniture, or pulling a sled, the force needed to start the object moving is supplied by one's muscular effort as a push or a pull. In more complex cases, such as setting a car or an airplane in motion, the analysis, although more complicated, will also show that a force is required to start …

Physics, Chapter 26: The Electric Current, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Electricity is the basis of our present highly technical civilization. It is the means whereby energy from various sources is delivered to the consumer in a form suitable for its conversion into the many kinds of energy demanded by him. It is through the intermediary of the electric circuit that energy is transmitted electrically from the primary source, no matter where it is situated, to the ultimate consumer wherever he desires it. A complete electric circuit contains some form of electric generator, which is essentially a device for converting other forms of energy to electrical energy, a set of conductors …

Physics, Contents, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Table of contents

Physics, Chapter 13: Properties Of Matter, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

When a system is subjected to external forces, it generally undergoes a change in size or shape or both. We have thus far touched very lightly on such changes; for example, we have considered the change in length of an elastic spring and the change in volume of a gas when such systems were subjected to varying pressures. The changes produced in a system by the action of external forces depend upon the physical properties of the material of which the system is composed. A study of the properties of matter leads to information which is of practical value to …

Physics, Chapter 4: Statics Of A Rigid Body, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

In the preceding chapter we observed that a particle would remain in equilibrium, in a state of rest, or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line when the resultant of all the forces acting on it was equal to zero. This condition for equilibrium was extended to larger bodies under either of two possible conditions: If the forces acting on the body were concurrent, that is, if they were directed toward a single point, the body could be treated as if it were a particle; or if the body moved with uniform translational motion in which every …

Physics, Chapter 3: The Equilibrium Of A Particle, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

A particle which remains at rest or in uniform motion with respect to its frame of reference is said to be in equilibrium in that frame. Centuries ago it was recognized that the state of rest was a natural state of things, for it was observed that objects set in motion on the surface of the earth tended to come to rest. The maintenance of any horizontal motion on earth was thought to require the continued exercise of a force, hence to be a violent motion, while vertical motion like that of a falling body was thought to be natural …

Physics, Chapter 2: Motion Of A Particle (Kinematics), Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Normally, when we say an object is at rest, we mean that it is at rest with respect to the surface of the earth; when we say a car is moving at a speed of 40 mi/hr, we imply that the motion is taking place at this speed relative to the road. A boat sailing on the river moves with respect to the river's banks, but it also moves with respect to the flowing water in the river. The lift on the wings of an airplane is generated by the motion of the airplane through the air, but it is …

Physics, Chapter 21: Vibrations And Sound, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

There are two aspects of sound: one is the physical aspect which involves the physics of the production, propagation, reception, and detection of sound; the other, which is the sensation of sound as perceived by the individual, depends upon physiological and psychological effects. It is not desirable to separate the two aspects of sound completely, but the main emphasis in this book must necessarily be on the physical aspect. In this chapter we shall consider mostly musical sounds. A vocabulary has been developed to describe the sensation experienced when a musical sound is heard. Such terms as the pitch of …

Physics, Chapter 7: Work And Energy, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

An extremely important concept that has been developed in physics is that of the work done on a body by the action of some external agent which exerts a force on this body and produces motion. For example, whenever someone lifts a body, he does work by exerting a force upward on it and moving it upward. Whenever a steam locomotive pulls a train, a series of processes takes place in the steam engine of the locomotive which enables it to exert a force on the train and move it in the direction of the force. The term work, as …

Physics, Chapter 25: Capacitance And Dielectrics, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

When an isolated charged conducting sphere bears a charge Q, the potential of the sphere may be computed from the results of Section 23-6 by considering that the electric intensity outside the sphere is as though the entire charge of the sphere were concentrated at its center.

5. Newton, Robert L. Bloom, Basil L. Crapster, Harold A. Dunkelberger, Charles H. Glatfelter, Richard T. Mara, Norman E. Richardson, W. Richard Schubart

Section VIII: The Development of Modern Science

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) was born and educated in England. He attended Trinity College, Cambridge, and there found the inspiration for his prodigious work that was to synthesize and extend the labors of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and others beyond the wildest dreams of any of them. Newton was the intellectual giant who set the direction of the physical sciences on the paths they were to follow undeviatingly into the twentieth century. [excerpt]

Semi-Conducting Properties Of Gray Tin As A Laboratory Introduction To Solid State Physics, Glenn F. Powers, Gene E. Louallen, Robert M. Rickett

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Physics, Preface, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

This book is intended for students of science and engineering; it aims to develop both an understanding of the important concepts of physics and some analytical skill in the solutions of problems. The mathematical level of the book is such that it may be used by students who are taking a course in calculus concurrently.

The notations and methods of the calculus are introduced early in the text, beginning with the concept of a derivative in the discussion of motion, and are then extended to more complex problems as the student progresses both in physics and in mathematics. Vector algebra …

Physics, Chapter 1: Fundamental Quantities, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Physics is a fundamental science dealing with matter and energy. By convention, the subject matter of physics has been divided into such topics as mechanics, heat, sound, light, and electricity. In addition to these general classifications, present-day physics includes atomic physics, nuclear physics, solid-state physics, chemical physics, biophysics, and many other subdivisions. It is impossible to include all aspects of physics in a single definition or paragraph, and to distinguish physics clearly from its nearest neighbors, the other physical sciences-astronomy., chemistry, and geology.

Physics, Chapter 14: Temperature, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Temperature is one of the fundamental concepts of physics. We are all able to recognize that some bodies are hotter than others, but our temperature sense is qualitative rather than quantitative and is capable of only a limited range. The sense of touch can frequently be used to distinguish between hotter and colder objects, provided that these lie in a temperature range consistent with the stability of human tissue. Even within this range the sense of touch is often unreliable as a measure of temperature.

The metal bracket holding a wooden rail may feel much colder to the touch than …

Physics, Chapter 12: Periodic Motion, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

One of the more important problems in mechanics is the study of periodic motions, that is, motions which repeat themselves in regular intervals of time, called the period. An example of periodic motion which we hrNe already encountered is uniform circular motion, in which the velocity and acceleration of the body at a given angular position were always the same. If a particle was found at a given position at a time t, we could be sure that it would return to that position at time t + T later, where T was the period of the rotational motion. A …

Physics, Chapter 11: Rotational Motion (The Dynamics Of A Rigid Body), Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

The motion of the flywheel of an engine and of a pulley on its axle are examples of an important type of motion of a rigid body, that of the motion of rotation about a fixed axis. Consider the motion of a uniform disk rotating about a fixed axis passing through its center of gravity C perpendicular to the face of the disk, as shown in Figure 11-1. The motion of this disk may be described in terms of the motions of each of its individual particles, but a better way to describe the motion is in terms of …

Physics, Chapter 10: Momentum And Impulse, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

An extremely important concept in the development of mechanics is that of momentum. The momentum of a body is defined as the product of its mass by its velocity. We shall use the symbol p to denote the momentum of a body. The momentum of a body is a vector quantity, for it is the product of mass, a scalar, by velocity, a vector. While momentum and kinetic energy are compounded of the same two ingredients, mass and velocity, they are quite different concepts, and one aspect of their difference may be seen in the fact that momentum is …

Physics, Chapter 8: Hydrostatics (Fluids At Rest), Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

From our everyday experience, we have become familiar with the fact that matter occurs in three different forms-solid, liquid, and gas. Under ordinary conditions stone, iron, copper, and chalk, for example, are solids; water, oil, and mercury are liquids; air, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide are gases. Each one of these forms is called a phase. At times it is difficult to distinguish clearly between the solid and the liquid phases, as in a material such as tar which flows under the action of a force at ordinary temperatures. Metals at high temperatures flow or "creep" under the action of a …

Physics, Chapter 6: Circular Motion And Gravitation, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Our earlier discussion of the kinematics of a particle was developed principally from the point of view of being able to describe that motion easily within a rectangular coordinate system. Thus the most complex case with which we dealt was that of a projectile motion, in which the acceleration was constant and was directed along one of the coordinate axes. A more convenient framework within which to discuss rotational and circular motions is provided by a set of polar coordinates. In the present discussion we will restrict ourselves to motion in which the polar coordinate r is constant, or fixed; …

Physics, Chapter 22: Electrostatics, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

One simple phenomenon of electricity was known to the ancients: that when a piece of amber was rubbed, it acquired the property of attracting small pieces of paper and other light particles. Records show that Thales of Miletus (circa sixth century B.C.) knew of this property of amber; the Greek word for amber is elektron, hence the name electricity. There was practically no further development of this subject until about the seventeenth century. Otto von Guericke (1602-1686) of Magdeburg built a large sulphur sphere, which, when rotated about an axis and rubbed with his hand, gave off electric sparks. In …

Physics, Chapter 20: Wave Motion, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Wave motion is an important method of transferring energy from one place to another without involving the actual transfer of matter. When a pebble is dropped into a still pool, some of the kinetic energy of the pebble is used to generate the ripples which spread out in all directions over the surface of the pool. When the ripples pass by a floating object, such as a bit of cork, the cork bobs up and down, having acquired its kinetic energy of vibration from the ripple system. The ripples thus serve to deliver some of the energy of the pebble …

Physics, Chapter 19: Heat Engines, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

In this chapter we shall consider the physical principles underlying the operations of heat engines because of the intrinsic importance of these principles and because of the part they have played in the development of fundamental physical ideas. Heat engines are designed and built to convert heat into work. In most cases the heat is obtained from the combustion of a common fuel such as coal, oil, gasoline, or natural gas. An important new source of heat that is just beginning to be used, and will be used more extensively in the future, is the mass which is converted into …

Physics, Chapter 18: Transfer Of Heat, Henry Semat, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

The methods by which heat is transmitted can be classified into three distinct types known as convection, conduction, and radiation. In any actual case of heat transmission, a combination of these methods may be operating simultaneously, and the principal problem is to determine the rate at which heat flows from the source at higher temperature to the source at lower temperature.

We may distinguish between the three processes of heat transfer by considering whether a medium is required for the transfer of heat, and whether that medium is at rest or in motion. In the process of conduction, …