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Electron Microscopy Study Of Magnetosomes In A Cultured Coccoid Magnetotactic Bacterium, Fiona C. Meldrum, Stephen Mann, Brigid R. Heywood, Richard B. Frankel, D. A. Bazyllinski Mar 1993

Electron Microscopy Study Of Magnetosomes In A Cultured Coccoid Magnetotactic Bacterium, Fiona C. Meldrum, Stephen Mann, Brigid R. Heywood, Richard B. Frankel, D. A. Bazyllinski

Physics

Intracellular magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals produced by the magnetotactic bacterium MC-1 were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Strain MC-1 represents the first-reported isolation of a coccoid magnetotactic bacterium in axenic culture. The magnetosomes of this bacterium displayed a pseudo-hexagonal prismatic habit, were elongated along the crystallographic direction, and were truncated by {111}, {100} and {110} faces. The presence of {111} truncations represents a modification of the magnetosome morphology previously determined for those in other coccoid bacteria. Study of immature crystals produced by strain MC-1 showed that the crystal morphology was controlled even at early stages of …

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Ta(110) Surface And Subsurface Core-Level Shifts And 4f7/2 Lineshapes, D. Mark Riffe, G. K. Wertheim Mar 1993

Ta(110) Surface And Subsurface Core-Level Shifts And 4f7/2 Lineshapes, D. Mark Riffe, G. K. Wertheim

All Physics Faculty Publications

High-resolution 4f core-level spectra of the Ta(110) surface region have been obtained at 80 and 300 K with 70- and 100-eV synchrotron radiation. The data show that the subsurface core-level binding-energy shift (compared to deeper-lying atoms) for a close-packed bcc(110) surface can be substantial: 65±15 meV for the first underlayer atoms of Ta(110). The surface core-level shift is 360±12 meV at 80 K and decreases by 13±2 meV at 300 K. Final-state screening in both the bulk and surface layers is well described by a constant singularity index of 0.133±0.012. An enhanced phonon broadening at the surface corresponds to a …

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On Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking In Discretized Light Cone Field Theory, David G. Robertson Mar 1993

On Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking In Discretized Light Cone Field Theory, David G. Robertson

Physics Faculty Scholarship

The problem of spontaneous symmetry breaking in scalar field theories quantized on the light cone is considered. Within the framework of "discretized" light-cone field theory, a constrained zero mode of the scalar field, which is necessary for obtaining a consistent dynamics, is responsible for supporting nonzero vacuum expectation values classically. This basic structure is shown to carry over to the quantum theory as well, and the consistency of the formalism is checked in an explicit perturbative calculation in (1+1)-dimensional φ4 theory.

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Influence Of Retardation On The Vibrational Wave Function And Binding Energy Of The Helium Dimer, Fei Luo, Geunsik Kim, George C. Mcbane, Clayton F. Giese, W. Ronald Gentry Mar 1993

Influence Of Retardation On The Vibrational Wave Function And Binding Energy Of The Helium Dimer, Fei Luo, Geunsik Kim, George C. Mcbane, Clayton F. Giese, W. Ronald Gentry

Peer Reviewed Articles

Because of the extremely small binding energy of the helium dimer, the nuclear wave function is delocalized over an extremely large range of separations. One might therefore expect the properties of this extraordinary species to be sensitive to the potential at very large internuclear distances, r, where relativistic corrections to the usual van der Waals interaction may be important. We have estimated the effect of retardation, which changes the r-6 dependence of the potential to r-7 in the limit of large r, and have found that the binding energy and expectation value (r) are …

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Heavy Quark Solitons, Joseph Schechter, Kumar S. Gupta, M. Arshad Momen, A. Subbaraman Mar 1993

Heavy Quark Solitons, Joseph Schechter, Kumar S. Gupta, M. Arshad Momen, A. Subbaraman

Physics - All Scholarship

We investigate the heavy baryons which arise as solitonic excitations in a ``heavy meson" chiral Lagrangian which includes the light vector particles. It is found that the effect of the light vectors may be substantial. We also present a simple derivation which clearly shows the connection to the Callan-Klebanov approach.

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Doubly Differential Electron-Production Cross Sections For 200- 1500-Ev E- +H2 Collisions, M. Eugene Rudd, K. W. Hollman, J. K. Lewis, D. L. Johnson, R. R. Porter, E. L. Fagerquist Mar 1993

Doubly Differential Electron-Production Cross Sections For 200- 1500-Ev E- +H2 Collisions, M. Eugene Rudd, K. W. Hollman, J. K. Lewis, D. L. Johnson, R. R. Porter, E. L. Fagerquist

M. Eugene Rudd Publications

Ionization cross sections differential in the angle and energy of the detected electrons were measured for electron impact on hydrogen gas at 200, 500, 1000, and 1500 eV. Measurements were made from 15°-150° and from a few eV to T -I where T is the primary electron energy and I the ionization potential of hydrogen. The results are compared to earlier measurements and to available calculations.

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Optical Activity In The Smectic-A Phase Of A Highly Chiral Liquid Crystal, Joshua D. Rosenzweig , '93, Peter J. Collings Mar 1993

Optical Activity In The Smectic-A Phase Of A Highly Chiral Liquid Crystal, Joshua D. Rosenzweig , '93, Peter J. Collings

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Optical-activity measurements in the smectic-A phase of various chiral-racemic mixtures of S-4-(2'-methylbutyl)phenyl-4'-n-octylbiphenyl-4-carboxylate (CE8) demonstrate that contributions from fluctuations in more than one chiral structural mode are important near the transition to the smectic-C* phase. Although these results are similar to earlier measurements in the isotropic phase of highly chiral liquid crystals, previous theoretical work points out that the nature of these fluctuations and the reason for the importance of the second structural mode are very different. Because the present measurements are reported on mixtures of varying chirality, they provide a stringent test of the theory. Agreement between theory and experiment …

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Evolution Of Atomic Motion In An Intense Standing Wave, Jian Chen, J. Greg Story, Randall G. Hulet Mar 1993

Evolution Of Atomic Motion In An Intense Standing Wave, Jian Chen, J. Greg Story, Randall G. Hulet

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have investigated the effect of the dipole force and its fluctuation on the motion of Li atoms in an intense, one-dimensional, near-resonant standing light wave. The duration of the interaction of the atoms with the standing wave was varied from several tens of spontaneous-emission lifetimes to several hundreds. For a standing-wave frequency blue detuned from resonance, diffusive heating can dominate the time-averaged dissipative dipole force so that there is no steady-state momentum distribution. However, for sufficiently large blue detunings, the rate of diffusion is so slow that the resulting distribution approaches a quasisteady state. For red detunings, the diffusion …

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Self-Referenced Speckle Holography (Srsh) Image Reconstruction Performance, John R. Devey Mar 1993

Self-Referenced Speckle Holography (Srsh) Image Reconstruction Performance, John R. Devey

Theses and Dissertations

The Speckle Holography technique uses a series of short exposure images and associated wave front sensor measurements to reconstruct astronomical images. The reconstruction technique effectively boosts the amplitude of high spatial frequencies to allow for finer resolution of astronomical objects. A simulation package that calculates the optical transfer function (OTF) of a telescopic system was previously developed for the Phillips Laboratory. This software was modified slightly to provide the Speckle Holography system transfer function (STF) for a telescopic system under varying seeing conditions.

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Construction And Testing Of A Neutron And Gamma Spectrometry System Using Pulse Shape Discrimination With An Organic Scintillator, Robert S. Pope Mar 1993

Construction And Testing Of A Neutron And Gamma Spectrometry System Using Pulse Shape Discrimination With An Organic Scintillator, Robert S. Pope

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this thesis was to construct and test a neutron detector to measure the energy spectrum of 1 to 14-MeV neutrons in the presence of gammas. A spectrometer based on the process of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) was constructed, in which the scintillator NE-213 was used. The primary neutron/ gamma sources used were 78-mCi and 4.7-Ci 239PuBe sources, while 4.7-µCi and 97.6-µCi 22Na gamma sources were used for energy calibration and additional testing of the detector. Proton recoil spectra and Compton electron spectra were unfolded with the neutron and gamma unfolding code FORIST to generate the …

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Design And Performance Evaluation Of A Gas Chromatograph Micromachined In A Single Crystal Silicon Substrate, Rocky R. Reston Mar 1993

Design And Performance Evaluation Of A Gas Chromatograph Micromachined In A Single Crystal Silicon Substrate, Rocky R. Reston

Theses and Dissertations

This investigation designed and developed a miniature gas chromatograph (GC) using silicon micromachining techniques. The GC is composed of a miniature sample injector (10 µl sample loop); a 0.9 m long, rectangular-shaped (300 µm width and 10 micrometers height) capillary column coated with a 0.2 µm thick copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) stationary phase; and a dual-detector scheme incorporating a CuPc-coated chemiresistor and a 125 µm diameter thermal conductivity detector bead. Micromachining was employed to fabricate the sample injector interface, the GC column, and the dual-detector cavity. A novel processing technique was developed to sublime the CuPc stationary phase coating on the …

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Magnetoresistance Of Multilayered Structures For Currents Perpendicular To The Plane Of The Layers, Horacio E. Camblong Feb 1993

Magnetoresistance Of Multilayered Structures For Currents Perpendicular To The Plane Of The Layers, Horacio E. Camblong

Physics and Astronomy

While most transport measurements on multilayered structures have been done for currents in the plane of the layers, there is an emerging interest in the geometry where the currents are perpendicular to the plane of the layers. We discuss the field and current patterns in these two cases. For the latter, the elastic mean free path is not a relevant length scale; rather, it is the spin-flip mean free path that is important. In the case of currents perpendicular to the plane of the layers, one must distinguish between models which allow spin mixing of the currents and those in …

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Multiple Evolutionary Origins Of Magnetotaxis In Bacteria, Edward F. Delong, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski Feb 1993

Multiple Evolutionary Origins Of Magnetotaxis In Bacteria, Edward F. Delong, Richard B. Frankel, Dennis A. Bazylinski

Physics

Magnetosomes are intracellular, iron-rich, membrane-enclosed magnetic particles that allow magnetotactic bacteria to orient in the earth's geomagnetic field as they swim. The magnetosomes of most magnetotactic bacteria contain iron oxide particles, but some magnetotactic species contain iron sulfide particles instead. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences showed that all known magnetotactic bacteria of the iron oxide type are associated with the a subgroup of the Proteobacteria in the domain Bacteria. In contrast, uncultured magnetotactic bacteria of the iron sulfide type are specifically related to the dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria within the δ subdivision of the Proteobacteria. These findings indicate …

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A Theoretical Investigation Of The Geometries, Vibrational Frequencies, And Binding Energies Of Several Alkali Halide Dimers, Robert P. Dickey '93, David Maurice '91, Robert J. Cave, Richard J. Mawhorter Feb 1993

A Theoretical Investigation Of The Geometries, Vibrational Frequencies, And Binding Energies Of Several Alkali Halide Dimers, Robert P. Dickey '93, David Maurice '91, Robert J. Cave, Richard J. Mawhorter

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Results are presented from ab initio calculations on the symmetrical alkali halide dimers made up of Li, Na, K, F, and Cl. We examine the sensitivity of representative monomer and dimer geometries to the variation of the basis set with and without polarization and diffuse functions. The geometries are then compared with available experimental results. We have also calculated vibrational frequencies at the restricted Hartree–Fock level and examined the changes in geometry brought about by correlation using second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory. It is found that Hartree–Fock theory in a modest basis set with diffuse and polarization functions yields results comparable …

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Multiplet-Changing Auger Transitions In Valence Double Photoionization, U. Becker, Oliver Hemmers, B. Langer, I. Lee, A. Menzel, R. Wehlitz, M. Ya Amusia Feb 1993

Multiplet-Changing Auger Transitions In Valence Double Photoionization, U. Becker, Oliver Hemmers, B. Langer, I. Lee, A. Menzel, R. Wehlitz, M. Ya Amusia

Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

The decay of valence satellite states in neon above the first double-ionization threshold has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Special emphasis was given to differentiate between two decay modes: valence Auger and valence-multiplet Auger decay. It is shown that the latter process is predominant in the low kinetic energy part of the spectrum. The main structures of this low-energy Auger spectrum could be designated by help of calculated transition energies and decay rates.

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Weak Radiative Decay Λ→Nγ And The Radiative Capture Reaction K‾P→∑(1385)Γ, William J. Fickinger, D. K. Robinson Feb 1993

Weak Radiative Decay Λ→Nγ And The Radiative Capture Reaction K‾P→∑(1385)Γ, William J. Fickinger, D. K. Robinson

Faculty Scholarship

The branching ratio for the Λ weak radiative decay Λ→nγ has been measured. Three statistically independent results from the same experiment (Brookhaven E811) are reported here. They are combined with a previously published measurement, also from Brookhaven E811, to yield a result of (Λ→nγ)/(Λ→anything)=(1.75±0.15)×10-3, based on 1800 events after background subtraction. This represents a factor of 75 increase in statistics over the previous world total. A comparison with recent theoretical papers shows that no existing model provides a completely satisfactory description of all data on weak radiative decays. A search is also reported for the radiative capture process K-p→Σ(1385)γ at …

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Ion-Director Coupling In A Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal, Min-Hua Lu, Charles Rosenblatt, Rolfe G. Petschek Feb 1993

Ion-Director Coupling In A Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal, Min-Hua Lu, Charles Rosenblatt, Rolfe G. Petschek

Faculty Scholarship

The coupling between the motion of ionic impurities and the bend-type director distortion in a ferroelectric liquid crystal is examined theoretically. We calculate the relaxation rate of the (fast) director mode to lowest order in the ion concentration. Moreover, we calculate the ratio Kfast(=0)/K(=0), where K() is the amplitude of the temporal autocorrelation function for director fluctuations, is the correlation time, and Kfast() is the corresponding value for the quickly decaying component of this quantity. The ratio, which can be measured in a light-scattering experiment, yields the inverse Debye-Hückel screening length.

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In-Medium Behavior Of The Qcd ϴ Term And The Value Of Cp Violation In Nuclei, Vladimir Gudkov Feb 1993

In-Medium Behavior Of The Qcd ϴ Term And The Value Of Cp Violation In Nuclei, Vladimir Gudkov

Faculty Publications

The expectation value of the θ term in QCD for nuclear matter is estimated in the nucleon gas approximation. There is no significant renormalization (to an accuracy ∼10%) of the CP violation in nuclei due to the similar behaviors for the in-medium values of the θ term and quark condensates.

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Two Methods For Attenuation Of Vibration In Structures, Kevin Mark Mcclendon Jan 1993

Two Methods For Attenuation Of Vibration In Structures, Kevin Mark Mcclendon

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The purpose of this report is to discuss methods of suppressing vibration in space trusses. The discussion is centered on the approach, structural attributes, and effectiveness of each method. One approach uses structural active members which are actuated to produce “anti-vibration” to cancel vibrations in the truss. The other method is to implement passive and active damping devices at the base of the space truss, where it will absorb vibrations by fluctuating the stiffness of the structures foundation.

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Astronomical Ccd Imaging At Umr: An Interim Report, David A. Thilker, Jon R. Fox Jan 1993

Astronomical Ccd Imaging At Umr: An Interim Report, David A. Thilker, Jon R. Fox

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

Progress towards the modernization and update of the UMR observatory through the implementation of astronomical CCD technology is detailed. Preliminary image data is presented, specifically: globular cluster M13 and the lunar surface. An evaluation of the Santa Barbara Instrument Group’s (SBIG) ST-6 CCD camera is presented; bias frames, dark frames, and flat-fields are all examined. A custom optical assembly for instrument focusing and housing BVRI photometry and RGB colorimetry filters is described. The ST60PS data acquisition program, provided by SBIG, is reviewed. Additional work towards the development of a custom image processing utility program is mentioned. Finally, optical telescope collimation …

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Motorized Throttle Plate, John D. Crawford Jan 1993

Motorized Throttle Plate, John D. Crawford

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The objective of this project was to develop a throttle plate mechanism that can be used to simulate transient engine operation. This throttle plate was designed so as to regulate the quantity of air flow entering a Port Fuel Injected (PFI) spark ignition engine prior to the combustion of the fuel-air mixture. The throttle plate is linked to a data acquisition system in order to study the port fuel injection characteristics of the fuel-air mixture. This data acquisition system links the throttle plate angular position information to data obtained using a nonintrusive laser based diagnostic technique, therefore enabling the study …

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Selective Excitation Via The Continuum And Suppression Of Ionization, C. E. Carroll, Foek T. Hioe Jan 1993

Selective Excitation Via The Continuum And Suppression Of Ionization, C. E. Carroll, Foek T. Hioe

Physics Faculty/Staff Publications

Two laser pulses that overlap in time have been successfully used for coherent excitation of a molecule or atom to a desired state. An intermediate state that is at or near resonance with the laser frequencies has been used in past experiments and calculations. Here we replace this intermediate state by a continuum of intermediate states. An analytic solution of a simple model suggests that the continuum can be used in such an excitation scheme, provided that the laser pulses are arranged in the so-called counter intuitive order. %'e use a special case of this solution to relate this work …

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A Fast Serial Algorithm For The Finite Temperature Quenched Potts Model, Gregory N. Hassold, Elizabeth A. Holm Jan 1993

A Fast Serial Algorithm For The Finite Temperature Quenched Potts Model, Gregory N. Hassold, Elizabeth A. Holm

Physics Publications

An efficient serial algorithm for finite temperature, quenched Potts model simulations of domain evolution has been developed. This ''n‐fold way'' algorithm eliminates unsuccessful spin flip attempts a priori by flipping sites with a frequency proportional to their site activity, defined as the sum of the probability of success for every possible spin flip at that site. Finite temperature efficiency for high‐spin degeneracy systems is achieved by utilizing a new, analytical expression for the portion of the site activity due to flips to non-neighbor spin values. Hence, to determine the activity of a site, only flips to the …

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Magnetic Multilayers: Quasiclassical Transport Via The Kubo Formula, Horacio E. Camblong Jan 1993

Magnetic Multilayers: Quasiclassical Transport Via The Kubo Formula, Horacio E. Camblong

Physics and Astronomy

A real‐space quantum approach, based on the Kubo formula, is used to describe the quasiclassical transport behavior of metallic multilayers. We emphasize the differences between the cases of current in the plane of the layers, for which size effects play a dominant role and current perpendicular to the planes, for which we provide several proofs that the so‐called series resistor model holds for all length scales.

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Femtosecond Thermionic Emission In The Space-Charge Limited Regime, D. Mark Riffe, X. Y. Wang, M. C. Downer, D. L. Fisher, T. Tajima, J. L. Erskine Jan 1993

Femtosecond Thermionic Emission In The Space-Charge Limited Regime, D. Mark Riffe, X. Y. Wang, M. C. Downer, D. L. Fisher, T. Tajima, J. L. Erskine

All Physics Faculty Publications

We study femtosecond-laser-pulse-induced electron emission from W(100), Al(110), and Ag(lll) in the sub-damage regime (1–44 mJ/cm2 fluence) by simultaneously measuring the incident-light reflectivity, total electron yield, and electron-energy distribution curves of the emitted electrons. The total-yield results are compared with a space-charge-limited extension of the Richardson-Dushman equation for short-time-scale thermionic emission and with particle-in-a-cell computer simulations of femtosecond-pulsed-induced thermionic emission. Quantitative agreement between the experimental results and two calculated temperature-dependent yields is obtained and shows that the yield varies linearly with temperature beginning at a threshold electron temperature of ~0.25 eV The particle-in-a-cell simulations also reproduce the experimental electron-energy …

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Time Projection Chamber's Efficiency, Obtained Using Cern's Geant Code, Christine A. Byrd, Charles M. Byrd, Wilfred J. Braithwaite Jan 1993

Time Projection Chamber's Efficiency, Obtained Using Cern's Geant Code, Christine A. Byrd, Charles M. Byrd, Wilfred J. Braithwaite

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Geometrical acceptance and reconstruction of tracks have been carried out for a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) used in Experiment NA35: the 35th experiment in the North Area of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), located at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). NA35 used the SPS at CERN to produce 6.4 TeV beams of 32S for central collisions with Au nuclei. The TPC modeling effort used a modified version of CERN's Monte Carlo program GEANT, which simulates the response of the NA35 TPC to output from CERN's primary event generators. GEANT was used to simulate three-dimensional pixel data in the …

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Light-Scattering Technique For The Study Of Dynamic Thickness Fluctuations In Thin Liquid Films, Richard C. Haskell, Daniel C. Petersen, Mark W. Johnson Jan 1993

Light-Scattering Technique For The Study Of Dynamic Thickness Fluctuations In Thin Liquid Films, Richard C. Haskell, Daniel C. Petersen, Mark W. Johnson

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The authors describe a light-scattering technique capable of probing the dynamics of thickness fluctuations in lipid bilayers. The technique, which they call reflectance fluctuation spectroscopy (RFS), is keenly sensitive to light scattered from the squeeze modes of motion in a thin liquid film, and insensitive to light scattered from the bend modes. A laser beam is focused to a small spot on the film, and the power in the specularly reflected beam is recorded in real time. Thickness fluctuations associated with the squeeze modes of motion give rise to fluctuations in the power of the specularly reflected light. The frequency …

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Mass And Mixing-Angle Patterns In The Standard Model And Its Minimal Supersymmetric Extension, H. Arason, Diego Castano, E. J. Piard, P. Ramond Jan 1993

Mass And Mixing-Angle Patterns In The Standard Model And Its Minimal Supersymmetric Extension, H. Arason, Diego Castano, E. J. Piard, P. Ramond

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Using renormalization group techniques, we examine several interesting relations among masses and mixing angles of quarks and leptons in the standard model. We extend the analysis to the minimal supersymmetric extension to determine its effect on these mass relations. Remarkably supersymmetry allows for these relations to be satisfied at a single grand unified scale.

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Lamellar Ordering In Symmetric Diblock Copolymers, R. A. Sones, E. M. Terentjev, Rolfe G. Petschek Jan 1993

Lamellar Ordering In Symmetric Diblock Copolymers, R. A. Sones, E. M. Terentjev, Rolfe G. Petschek

Faculty Scholarship

We calculate the lamellar period L and interphase thickness a of an incompressible melt of symmetric diblock copolymers from the onset of phase segregation (weak segregation limit) to the limit where segregation is almost complete (strong segregation limit) by numerically solving a mean field lattice model, where the lattice spacing is taken small enough to approximate a continuum. Our results for L and a agree with previously derived theoretical formulas in both limits. Based on the first few terms of a Fourier series expansion of the density profile, we show analytically that L = 0.844R(χN)0.571 at the weak segregation limit, …

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Trapping-To-Percolation Transition In The Hopping Diffusion Of Substitutionally Disordered Solids With A Binary Energy Distribution, Paul Ernest Parris, B. D. Bookout Jan 1993

Trapping-To-Percolation Transition In The Hopping Diffusion Of Substitutionally Disordered Solids With A Binary Energy Distribution, Paul Ernest Parris, B. D. Bookout

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We consider charge carriers that undergo nearest-neighbor hopping among the sites of a binary random lattice, each site of which is associated with one of two possible energies E1 or E2. A general and recently observed feature of this problem not predicted by previous treatments of disordered hopping models is a crossover between trap-limited conduction and percolation. We introduce new energy-projected equations of motion whose solutions reveal the deep conductivity minimum associated with this phenomenon, and compare the results predicted to numerical simulations.

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