Digital Commons Network^™

Exploring Cyberterrorism, Topic Models And Social Networks Of Jihadists Dark Web Forums: A Computational Social Science Approach, Vivian Fiona Guetler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This three-article dissertation focuses on cyber-related topics on terrorist groups, specifically Jihadists’ use of technology, the application of natural language processing, and social networks in analyzing text data derived from terrorists' Dark Web forums. The first article explores cybercrime and cyberterrorism. As technology progresses, it facilitates new forms of behavior, including tech-related crimes known as cybercrime and cyberterrorism. In this article, I provide an analysis of the problems of cybercrime and cyberterrorism within the field of criminology by reviewing existing literature focusing on (a) the issues in defining terrorism, cybercrime, and cyberterrorism, (b) ways that cybercriminals commit a crime in …

Asymmetrical Trusted Technology Networks In Developing Economies: A Case Study On Critical Infrastructure In Bhutan, Pratima Pradhan, Bal Subba, Thinley Jamtsho, Ganga Ram Ghimiray, David M. Cook

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Developing Nations are subject to amplified challenges in terms of the integration of technology, and the exposure to non-domestic opportunism from larger neighboring economies. These challenges are recognizable as asymmetrical differences between what is seen as the normative list of critical infrastructures, and the specialisms that can dominate an emerging economy with early maturity technology networks. This paper discusses the case of Bhutan and demonstrates the need for strengthened approaches to trusted networks to ensure the reliability and continuity of the Nation's critical infrastructures. The paper also links the importance of trusted information sharing networks as part of an overarching …

Anatomy Of An Internet Hijack And Interception Attack: A Global And Educational Perspective, Ben A. Scott, Michael N. Johnstone, Patryk Szewczyk

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Internet’s underlying vulnerable protocol infrastructure is a rich target for cyber crime, cyber espionage and cyber warfare operations. The stability and security of the Internet infrastructure are important to the function of global matters of state, critical infrastructure, global e-commerce and election systems. There are global approaches to tackle Internet security challenges that include governance, law, educational and technical perspectives. This paper reviews a number of approaches to these challenges, the increasingly surgical attacks that target the underlying vulnerable protocol infrastructure of the Internet, and the extant cyber security education curricula; we find the majority of predominant cyber security …

Monarch Science Observer, Volume 12, College Of Sciences, Old Dominion University

College of Sciences Newsletter

Winter 2021 issue of Monarch Science Observer, ODU College of Sciences Newsletter.

Synthesis Of Molecular Probes For The Detection Of Toxic Analytes, Rashid Mia

Dissertations

Two different types of molecular probes have been synthesized. The first family of probes is the coumarin class of compounds. These chemodosimters are referred to as Low Molecular Weight Fluorescent probes (LMFP). The other type of molecular probe is a macrocycle known as a pillar[5]arene receptor.

The chemodosimters (2.12a-c and 3.12a) were synthesized in four to five steps. The photophysical properties were extensively studied in various solvent systems (DMSO, CH₃CN, DMF, MeOH, EtOH, Me₂CO, MeCO₂Et, CHCl₃, C₆H₅Me, and C₆H₆). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) …

An Analysis Of Significant Cyber Incidents And The Impact On The Past, Present, And Future, Seth E. Smith

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

This report discusses data collected on significant cybersecurity incidents from the early 2000s to present. The first part of the report addresses previously discussed information, data, and literature (e.g. case studies), pertinent to cybersecurity incidents. The findings from this study are framed by scholarly sources and information from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, a number of notable universities, and literature online, of which all support information discussed within this report. The second part of the report discusses data compiled upon analyzing significant cyber incidents and events from the Center for Strategic and International Affairs (CSIS). Finally, the last portion of …

Hierarchical Control Of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Team In Real-Time Strategy (Rts) Games, Weigui Jair Zhou, Budhitama Subagdja, Ah-Hwee Tan, Darren Wee Sze Ong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Coordinated control of multi-agent teams is an important task in many real-time strategy (RTS) games. In most prior work, micromanagement is the commonly used strategy whereby individual agents operate independently and make their own combat decisions. On the other extreme, some employ a macromanagement strategy whereby all agents are controlled by a single decision model. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical command and control architecture, consisting of a single high-level and multiple low-level reinforcement learning agents operating in a dynamic environment. This hierarchical model enables the low-level unit agents to make individual decisions while taking commands from the high-level …

System Performance Evaluation Method Based On Multi-Source Prior Data, Haozhe Liu, Li Wei, Ma Ping, Yang Ming

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: When using the Bayes method to evaluate the performance of the system with multi-source prior data, the multi-source prior data is fused, the posterior distribution is calculated by synthesizing the fused prior distribution and test data. The parameters of posterior distribution are estimated to obtain the performance evaluation results. A weighted fusion method of multi-source prior data based on Kullback-Leibler divergence is proposed, which can effectively integrate the multi-source prior data. The commonly used Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to estimate the parameters of Bayes posterior distribution. The influence of different proposal distributions on the sampling results …

Developing An International Framework For Addressing Non-State Actors In Cyberspace, Joanna C. Di Scipio

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

On May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline shut down its operations following a ransomware attack by the criminal group DarkSide (Bordoff, 2021). It took five days to resume normal operations, but this short period led to panic buying, rising prices, and significant gas shortages. The attack underscores an emerging threat in the landscape of cybersecurity: critical infrastructure attacks carried out by non-state actors.

A Taxonomy Of Cyberattacks Against Critical Infrastructure, Miloslava Plachkinova, Ace Vo

KSU Proceedings on Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

The current study proposes a taxonomy to organize existing knowledge on cybercrimes against critical infrastructure such as power plants, water treatment facilities, dams, and nuclear facilities. Routine Activity Theory is used to inform a three-dimensional taxonomy with the following dimensions: hacker motivation (likely offender), cyber, physical, and cyber-physical components of any cyber-physical system (suitable target), and security (capable guardian). The focus of the study is to develop and evaluate the classification tool using Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. Publicly available data was used to evaluate the utility and usability of the proposed artifact by exploring three possible scenarios – Stuxnet, …

10th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2021, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2021

UBT Annual International Conference is the 10th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

Mathematical Expression And Quantitative Analysis Of Impedance Spectrum On The Interface Of Glassy Carbon Electrode, Lei Cheng, Pu-Xuan Yan, You-Jun Fan, Hua-Hong Zou, Hong Liang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is a common basic electrode for various electrochemical sensors, and the detection properties are determined by its interfacial characteristics. In this paper, we established an equivalent circuit including electrolyte resistance (R_el), charge transport resistance (R_ct), diffusion impedance (R_di, C_di), electrochemical (oxidation/reduction) reaction impedance (R_R, C_R), surface adsorption impedance (R_ads , C_ads), double-layer capacitance (C_DL), and derived the mathematical expression for the equivalent circuit. The R_el and C_DL are contributed by inactive …

Ai: Friend Or Foe? (And What Business Leaders Need To Know), Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Artificial intelligence presents significant opportunities for business – as well as not insignificant threats to humanity – and governance frameworks are urgently needed to create a fair and equitable future under AI

Enhancing The Weather: Governance Of Weather Modification Activities Of The United States, Manon Simon

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

In the context of climate change, weather modification by cloud seeding, and in particular, precipitation enhancement techniques, has gained a renewed attention from governments. In the United States, several states run weather modification programs to secure freshwater resources and increase both crop and hydroelectricity production. Weather modification techniques were developed post–World War II, and so were the legal arrangements that govern them. Since then, weather modification law has undergone little to no reform. California and Texas are two active users of cloud-seeding technologies but employ very different governance frameworks. This Article assesses the effectiveness of weather modification governance in these …

The Role Of Public And Private Sectors: How To Promote National Cybersecurity Strategies And Critical Infrastructure Protection In Southeastern Europe, Larry Cruz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This paper seeks to address the important role of public and private interests in protecting critical infrastructure in Southeastern Europe, providing examples from Serbia. While the public sector does have a role in protecting critical infrastructure needs, it is the private sector which holds major oversight of the critical infrastructures of the region, therefore having an important role in maintaining their functionality and protection. The literature in this field argues for more collaboration and information sharing between the public and private sectors of the region, though the task is not as simple as it appears given the varying aspirations of …

Enhancing Environmental Protection In Relation To Armed Conflict: An Assessment Of The Ilc Draft Principles, Daniëlla Dam-De Jong, Britta Sjöstedt

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Challenges And Reflection On Next-Generation Large-Scale Computer Wargame System, Guangya Si, Yanzheng Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In view of the systematic, networked and intelligent characteristics of the future war, the major challenges of the new generation of large computer warfare system are proposed, and the next-generation large-scale computer wargame system is constructed. The key technologies of building a new generation of large computer warfare systems, such as intelligent war modeling, architecture integration, resource service management and human-computer interaction are researched.

Study On Next-Generation Strategic Wargame System, Wu Xi, Xianglin Meng, Jingyu Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Strategic wargame is an important support to the strategic decision. The research status and challenges of the strategic wargame are analyzed, and the influence of big data and artificial intelligence technology on the strategic wargame system is studied. The prospects and key technologies of the next-generation strategic wargame system are studied, including the construction of event association graph for strategic topics, generation of strategic decision sparse samples based on generative adversarial nets, gaming strategy learning of human-in-loop hybrid enhancement, and public opinion dissemination modeling technology based on social network. The development trend of the strategic wargame is proposed.

Wargaming Eco-System For Intelligence Growing, Wu Lin, Xiaofeng Hu, Jiuyang Tao, Xiaoyuan He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The construction of the next generation intelligent wargaming system can not be accomplished at one move, but through building an ecosystem to gradually grow intelligence. The basic concepts of the intelligent wargame ecosystem, and are defined the idea of dynamic openness, diversified levels and co-evolution are proposed. Drawing lessons from the human intelligence growing process and learning-evolution mechanism, the double helix model of the next generation of wargame cognitive intelligent evolution and growth is constructed. On the basis of the OLTA cycle, the wargame deduction ecosystem system framework is given. The application of the technologies, such as …

Mechanism Design For Entities' Passive Dimensional Sensing Interaction In Discrete Event Simulations, Yan Fei, Bin Gan, Zhaodi Chen, Wenjuan Ma, Luyao Li, Zhang Ke

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Dimensional sensing interaction mechanism is a method of computing the entities' visibility on the basis of the position and visible range, and informing when and where the entities can perceive each other. Entities' active computing on the relative position needs a lot of computation and is low efficiency, and slow down the simulation execution at last. The mechanism and framework of the passive dimensional sensing interaction, including the spatial grid models, discrete movement models, and passive sense models are researched. Dimensional sensing interaction manager is designed to realize the computation of entities' dimensional sensing interaction in discrete event-based battle …

Research On The Issues Of Next Generation Wargame System Model Engine, Yubo Tang, Bilong Shen, Shi Lei, Yi Xing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the more and more complex war systems, widely used artificial intelligence technology is needed to make up the human deficiencies in future wargame deduction, which is necessary for the next generation wargame system model engine. To address these challenges, a framework prototype of the next generation wargame model engine based on the experience of the long-term development and application is proposed. The decoupling method for the complexity of structure and computation is researched. The human-computer integration architecture on digital twinning technology is studied. Some new modeling techniques which the threshold of model development is reduced and the …

Abroad Wargaming Deduction And System Research, Zhanguang Cao, Tao Shuai, Xiaofeng Hu, Lülong He

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Wargaming is an important auxiliary means of war deduction, scheme evaluation and operational analysis. Wargaming deduction system can support the research of operational problems, innovation of tactics and development of operational concepts. The development status of foreign computer wargaming system from the deduction method and system research is reviewed, and the online deduction the multi-level joint deduction, as well as the research status of multi-level wargaming fusion design, the multi system combination and auxiliary tool development are mainly introduced, which can providereference to the development and application of computer wargame system.

Computer Science Principles With C++, Seth D. Bergmann

Open Educational Resources

This textbook is intended to be used for a first course in computer science, such as the College Board’s Advanced Placement course known as AP Computer Science Principles (CSP). This book includes all the topics on the CSP exam, plus some additional topics. It takes a breadth-first approach, with an emphasis on the principles which form the foundation for hardware and software. No prior experience with programming should be required to use this book. This version of the book uses the C++ programming language.

Efficient Neuromorphic Algorithms For Gamma-Ray Spectrum Denoising And Radionuclide Identification, Merlin Phillip Carson

Dissertations and Theses

Radionuclide detection and identification are important tasks for deterring a potentially catastrophic nuclear event. Due to high levels of background radiation from both terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources, some form of noise reduction pre-processing is required for a gamma-ray spectrum prior to being analyzed by an identification algorithm so as to determine the identity of anomalous sources. This research focuses on the use of neuromorphic algorithms for the purpose of developing low power, accurate radionuclide identification devices that can filter out non-anomalous background radiation and other artifacts created by gamma-ray detector measurement equipment, along with identifying clandestine, radioactive material.

A sparse …

Spontaneous Fluctuations In A Magnetic Fe/Gd Skyrmion Lattice, M. H. Seaberg, B. Holladay, S. A. Montoya, X. Y. Zheng, J. C.T. Lee, A. H. Reid, J. D. Koralek, L. Shen, V. Esposito, G. Coslovich, P. Walter, S. Zohar, V. Thampy, M. F. Lin, P. Hart, K. Nakahara, R. Streubel, S. D. Kevan, P. Fischer, W. Colocho, A. Lutman, F. J. Decker, E. E. Fullerton, M. Dunne, S. Roy, S. K. Sinha, J. J. Turner

Robert Streubel Papers

Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin textures that exhibit classical or quantum quasiparticle behavior. A substantial amount of research has occurred in this field, both because of their unique electromagnetic properties and potential application for future nonvolatile memory storage applications, as well as fundamental questions on their topology and unique magnetic phases. Here, we investigate the fluctuation properties of a magnetic Fe/Gd skyrmion lattice, using short-pulsed x rays. We first measure spontaneous fluctuations of the skyrmion lattice phase and find an inherent, collective mode showing an underdamped oscillation with a relaxation of a couple of nanoseconds. Further observations track the response …

Synthesis, Characterization And Applications Of Europium Based Perovskite Oxide Nanoparticles, Nasim Farahmand

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline transition and rare-earth metal oxides have been studied widely over the past years. These materials possess unique physical, chemical, magnetic and dielectric properties which make them potential candidates for a wide range of applications such as electronics, energy storage and photocatalysis. There are a number of synthesis methods for preparing these materials, where most of them require stringent conditions such as high pressure and high temperature. However, in this study, a modified sol-gel synthesis has been used with a lower calcination temperature to make uniform nanocrystals of the transition/rare-earth metal oxide family. The focus …

Is Australia Really Lost In Space?, Brett Biddington

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Australia is one of the world's most wealthy nations. Yet to the surprise and puzzlement of many observers, Australian governments over many years steadfastly refused to become involved in space activities in ways judged to be commensurate to the nation's wealth and place in the world. Repeated calls to establish a space agency were ignored or firmly rejected and civil and commercial investment in space activities was limited. In the past decade, there have been substantial developments and new investments in the policy, national security, civil and commercial domains. Perhaps the salient feature is the establishment of the Australian Space …

Research On Hybrid Deployment Strategy And Model For Key Position Air-Defense Based On Multi-Weapon Platforms, Jiaqing Wan, Pengfei Wang, Junlin Tang, Zhang Dong, Xinguo Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Multi-platform cooperative air-defense is the development direction of air-defense and antimissile warfare, and the hybrid deployment strategy and model are the important research content. Based on the background of key position air-defense research, the deployment strategy, principle and form of multi-platform cooperative air-defense are studied. The operational scenario and operational process of typical air defense are established. The principles, influencing factors and deployment methods of hybrid deployment are studied. A typical hybrid deployment strategy is proposed and a mathematical model is established. It provides support for the multi platform cooperative air defense and key position defense deployment.

The Allocation Of Jamming Resources Based On Double Q-Learning Algorithm, Xingyuan Huang, Yanyi Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In modern warfare, the multifunctional trend of radars, even multiple radars detecting targets together, enhances the anti-jamming capability of radars. However, the traditional jamming system still follows a fixed jamming strategy, and the real-time performance of decision-making facing large numbers of radars is poor. And the cognitive jamming study is urgent. The concept of reinforcement learning is explained and the difference between Q learning algorithm and double Q learning algorithm is compared. The reinforcement learning algorithm is used to establish a model based on cognitive electronic warfare to realize the allocation of radar jamming strategies. The simulation of the …

Computer Science Principles With Python, Seth D. Bergmann

Open Educational Resources

This textbook is intended to be used for a first course in computer science, such as the College Board’s Advanced Placement course known as AP Computer Science Principles (CSP). This book includes all the topics on the CSP exam, plus some additional topics. It takes a breadth-first approach, with an emphasis on the principles which form the foundation for hardware and software. No prior experience with programming should be required to use this book. This version of the book uses the Python programming language.