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Susceptibility Of Northern Minnesota Lakes To Acid Deposition Impacts, Clifford J. Twaroski, J. David Thornton, Rick L. Strassman, Patrick L. Brezonik

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT-lake chemistry surveys indicate a large number of lakes with acid neutralizing capability (ANC) below 200 μeq/L occur in northeast Minnesota where shallow soils over bedrock and exposed rock outcrops predominate, and in moraine areas having rolling to steep topography in north-central and east-central Minnesota. In the Boundary Waters area, lake chemistry is strongly associated with bedrock geology. lakes with ANC <100 μeq/L are associated with granite, basalt, and gabbro formations, while lakes with ANC of 100- 200 μeq/L are associated with slate and greenstone formations. In the rest of the state where soils are deep, landform, soil type, and lake hydrology determine lake chemistry. Most low ANC lakes are found in terminal moraine areas. These lakes are generally small ( <40 ha in area), have limited groundwater inflow, and typically classed as precipitation-dominated seepage lakes. Higher ANC lakes (>400 μeq/L) are often associated with agricultural and residential land uses. Relationships found between ANC and bedrock geology, and between ANC and landform and soils, provided the basis for mapping the distribution of low ANC surface waters in Minnesota. …

The Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant And The Mississippi River: 50 Years Of Improving Water Quality, D. Kent Johnson, Paul W. Aasen

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT-The Metropolitan Waste Control Commission and its predecessors have operated the Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Mississippi River at St. Paul, MN, for the past 50 years. Analysis of water quality data collected over the past 60 years shows a general improvement of water quality as the waste treatment process has been upgraded. In 1926, dissolved oxygen ranged from <1 mg/L to 2 mg/L in the river reach from St. Paul to Lock and Dam 3 (August mean values). In 1987, dissolved oxygen values in the same area were 7 mg/L or greater. The drought of 1988 produced severe low flow conditions in the Mississippi River, but dissolved oxygen values continued to meet or exceed the 5 mg/L water quality standard. Biological sampling in 1926 and 1959 showed an absence of clean water organisms. Biological sampling in 1985 showed an abundance of clean water organisms. The most dramatic evidence of this resurgence is the reappearance of the Hexagenia mayfly in St. Paul after a 50 year absence. The water quality improvements in the Mississippi River correlate directly with improved treatment plant processes, particularly the current advanced secondary treatment facility, and with improved waste control throughout the Minneapolis/St. Paul area.

The Legislative Commission On Minnesota Resources Involvement In Water Resource Programs, John Velin, George Orning

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT :--The Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCMR) has funded over $32 million worth of projects m three water-related areas since 1963. The authors describe the process the Commission uses to allocate money and summarize the general nature and accomplishments of many of the water projects.

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay, Department Of Environmental Protection

Maine Collection

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay

Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine (January, 1989)

Contents: Introduction / The Problems : Bacteria, Toxics, Nutrients / The Solutions / Recommendations / References

Calculations Of Scattered Light From Rigid Polymers By Shifrin And Rayleigh-Debye Approximations, M. F. Bishop

Physics Publications

ABSTRACT

We show that the commonly used Rayleigh-Debye method for calculating light scattering can lead to significant errors when used for describing scattering from dilute solutions of long rigid polymers, errors that can be overcome by use of the easily applied Shifrin approximation. In order to show the extent of the discrepancies between the two methods, we have performed calculations at normal incidence both for polarized and unpolarized incident light with the scattering intensity determined as a function of polarization angle and of scattering angle, assuming that the incident light is in a spectral region where the absorption of hemoglobin …

Plant-Parasitic Nematodes In Iowa, Don C. Norton

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Ninety-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes are recorded from Iowa. Twenty-seven are new state records. Most samples were collected from around maize or from prairies or woodlands. Similarity (Sorensen's index) of species was highest for the maize-prairie habitats (0.49), compared with maize-woodlands (0. 23), or prairie-woodland (0. 3 7) habitats. Nematode communities were most diverse in prairies with a Shannon-Weiner index (H') of 2.74, compared with 1.65 and 1.07 for woodlands and maize habitats, respectively. Evenness of species (J') was 0.41, 0.78, and 0.48 for maize, prairies, and woodlands, respectively.

Program Abstracts, 101st Session, Iowa Academy Of Science, April 21-22, 1989, Buena Vista College

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Annual Report Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, 1988-89, Paul E. Rider

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Starting in 1976, annual reports have served as a continuing record of the activities of the Iowa Academy of Science. These augment a 100 year history of the Academy which was written in the centennial year of 1975.

This report covers the period from July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1989. It is based on the official records of the Academy (committee reports, Board minutes, correspondence) as well as the recollections, impressions and musings of the author, who is writing his first annual report.

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

National Interests In Instream Flows, Lawrence J. Macdonnell, Teresa A. Rice, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Books, Reports, and Studies

p. 69-86 ; 23 cm

Environmental Management Planning And The Special Area Management Process, Timothy P. Dillingham

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Within coastal areas, growing numbers of resource users, increasingly divergent resources use demands, and loss of indigenous resources combine to exert tremendous pressures on these areas. The Narrow River is a unique estuary located on the coast of southern Rhode Island. The estuary has experienced a decline in water quality over the last 20 years, primarily attributable to poor development practices and improper disposal of on-site sewage. Increasing levels of development have begun to bring about further changes in the watershed, including alteration of scenic values, conversion and loss of wildlife habitat, additional sources of pollution inputs and increasing conflict …

Formulation Of A Management Scheme For The Swordfish Fishery Of The Eastern Caribbean, Harold F. Upton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

During the 1983 season, two U.S. longline vessels initiated the first attempts at the commercial exploitation of swordfish in the Eastern Caribbean. In 1986, the number of U.S. vessels participating in the fishery surpassed 40 with landings of nearly two million pounds per season. The sudden influx of participants and technology to the region has resulted in a variety of user conflicts and associated policy issues. Major areas of concern involve the conservation of a heavily exploited resource and the distribution of benefits which accrue from resource exploitation among the resource-adjacent island states and U.S. fishing operations. This study examines …

Stormwater Quality Management In Rhode Island, Elizabeth A. Scott

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study documents the threat that uncontrolled "urban" stormwater runoff poses to surface water quality and the inadequacy of existing regulations governing land use development in preventing further water quality degradation resulting from "urban" runoff. The study applies recent research findings from the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program and the experience of other state regulatory programs in evaluating management alternatives and proposing a strategy for Rhode Island. The documented impacts of "urban" stormwater runoff on water quality, including excesses in criteria for copper, lead, and coliform, and eutrophication, support the need for stormwater quality management. This need is made more evident …

Sewage Discharge By Recreational Boats In R.I. Coastal Waters, Maureen E. Eldredge

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Federal legislation regulating sewage from recreational boats has existed since 1972 (The Clean Water Act). Since that time the regulations have failed to prevent untreated sewage from boats from being discharged into the Nation's waterways. This has caused conflicts over water quality, particularly in shellfish growing areas. The regulatory system which exists to regulate sewage from recreational boats was analyzed for nine sources of possible regulatory failure. Seven of the nine were found to be operating. They include, lack of technology, lack of enforcement, lack of issue salience, negative attitudes on the part of the boaters, the economics of compliance, …

Antarctic Peninsula Mysticete Whales: Conservation And Research, Gregory Schofield Stone

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper reports original research from two recent studies in the Antarctic Peninsula area, reviews past sighting information and policies affecting mysticete whales, and recommends future research. Due to poor management by the International Whaling Commission, mysticete whales are among the most severely depleted species groups in the Antarctic. The combined total Antarctic harvest from 1920 to 19867 for blue Balaenoptera musculus, fin B. physalus, sei B. borealis, minke B. acutorostrata and humpback Megaptera novaeangliae whales was over one million animals. The effect of this hunting pressure is the dominant factor determing the present status of Antarctic …

Prescribed Burning Guidelines In The Northern Great Plains, Kenneth F. Higgins, James L. Piehl, Arnold D. Kruse

SDSU Extension Circulars

The use of fire to manage grasslands for wildlife is a relatively new management option for resource managers in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). Nearly all of the burning during the past 20-25 years has been conducted without the aid of specific guidelines for the region. This state-of-the-art set of recommendations was compiled because of this void. Records of 902 grassland fires (primarily on U.S. Fish and Wildlife lands), personal experiences, and synopses of other published fire research were used in developing the guidelines in this manual. Fifty-two percent of the 902 fires were in native prairie grasslands with lesser …

Minimal Soil Disturbance Sowing In New South Wales And Its Relevance To Reducing Water Erosion In Western Australia, K J. Bligh

Resource management technical reports

During a study tour in New South Wales both inexpensive modifications to existing seeders and state of the art new mechanisms were investigated. Narrow-winged points can readily be fitted to existing tined seeders to immediately reduce water erosion in Western Australia. Press wheels may improve crop establishment, particularly with early sowing in this predominantly winter-rainfall region.

Water Relations Of Obligate Riparian Plants As A Function Of Streamflow Diversion On The Bishop Creek Watershed, S. D. Smith, J. L. Nachlinger, A. B. Wellington, C. A. Fox

Life Sciences Faculty Research

We investigated the water relations of obli-gate riparian plants on paired diverted and undiverted reaches on Bishop Creek, Eastern Sierra Nevada. Ri-parian plants on diverted reaches had reduced stomatal conductance and water potential compared to plants on undiverted reaches in a dry year, but not in a high runoff year. Juvenile plants on diverted reaches had reduced stomatal conductance and lower midday water potentials relative to surrounding mature trees, a trend that was not observed on undiverted reaches. Plants on diverted reaches possessed significantly smaller, thicker leaves and a reduced total leaf area relative to trees on streamside reaches. Reduced …

Riparian Plant Water Relations Along The North Fork Of The Kings River, California, J. L. Nachlinger, S. D. Smith, R. J. Risser

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Plant water relations of five obligate ripar-ian species were studied along California's North Fork Kings River. Diurnal stomatal conductance, transpi-ration, and xylem pressure potentials were measured throughout the 1986 growing season and in mid-season in 1987. Patterns were similar for all species although absolute values varied considerably. Maximum stomatal conductance occurred early in the day and season during favorable environmental conditions and decreased as air temperature and the vapor pressure difference between the leaf and air increased. Maximum transpiration rates occurred in mid-morning and mid-summer resulting in estimated daily water losses per unit sunlit leaf area of 163-328 mol H2O …

An Isotopic Analysis Of The Hydrology And Riparian Vegetation Water Sources On Bishop Creek, M. L. Space, J. W. Hess, S. D. Smith

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Five power generation plants along an eleven kilometer stretch divert Bishop Creek water for hydro-electric power. Stream diversion may be adversely affecting the riparian vegetation. Stable isotopic analysis is employed to determine surface water/ground-water interactions along the creek. surface water originates primarily from three headwater lakes. Discharge into Bishop Creek below the headwaters is primarily derived from ground water. The average δD and δ18O values are significantly different for surface water and ground water that an isotopic analysis can delineate between these two components of flow. Therefore isotopic shifts along the creek can determine gaining reaches. In addition, by knowing …

Safe Computing, Bruce M. Mcmillin, T. L. Casavant

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

So-called worms, viruses, and Trojan horses that attack computer systems are defined. The vehicle that allows these attacks to occur, namely, the open computer internetwork, is examined. The problem of providing protection against attack in an internetwork environment is discussed. The need for professional responsibility on the part of the scientific and engineering community in enforcing strong ethical practices and neither tolerating nor condoning such practices is stressed.

New Opportunities For Science Students In Agronomy, Wilbur Frye

Soil Science News and Views

High school students interested in science and looking for a field of study that will prepare them for a rewarding career will like the proposed new agronomy programs. The Agronomy Department at the University of Kentucky is preparing to offer undergraduate students three future-oriented options--Plant and Soil Management, Plant Science, and Soil Science. In designing these options, we tried to determine what agronomy students need to be prepared to do in a rapidly changing and highly competitive world of the 1990s.

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 31 Number 2, Winter 1989, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

10 - MANUFACTURED MOTHERHOOD A Catholic theologian looks at reproductive technology.

16 - ELECTION '88 Will Bush put a new face on Uncle Sam?

20 - IN THE FACE OF AIDS What alumna Sharon Kugler '81 learned hel ping AIDS sufferers.

23 - ON A ROLL New York's hottest director is SCU's Ron Lagomarsino '73.

25 - DO JOBS AND COLLEGE MIX? Alumni and students tell how they fit part-time jobs into their schedules/

Crystallochemical Characterization Of Magnetic Spinels Prepared From Aqueous Solution, Stephen Mann, Nicholas H.C. Sparks, Suzanne B. Couling, Miranda C. Larcombe, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

The crystallochemical characterization of magnetic spinels prepared from aqueous solution has been studied primarily by electron microscopy and ⁵⁷Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. Two synthetic routes have been investigated : method 1 ; partial oxidation of Fe" solutions in the presence of NO; at 100 C , and method 2; reaction of hydrated Ferrr oxide (ferrihydrite) with Fe" ions at room temperature, pH = 7, 8 and 9. Both routes gave small (10-60 nm) irregular magnetite (Fe,O,) particles that were readily oxidised to maghemite (y-Fe,O,). The reaction proceeded via a green-rust intermediate and anions such as inorganic phosphate (Pi) and SO,,- …

Leaf Optical And Indirect Lai Measurements In Wheat And Alfalfa At Maciv: Agmet Progress Report 89-4, E. A. Walter-Shea, B. L. Blad

School of Natural Resources: Documents and Reviews

Interpretation of remotely sensed vegetative surfaces requires an understanding of the interaction of radiation with the various components of vegetation. Leaves are the most important component. Thus it is important to know the optical properties of individual leaves as well as the amount and distribution of leaves making up the vegetative cover. The objectives of our study were 1) to characterize the reflectance from and transmittance through adaxial and abaxial surfaces of individual wheat and alfalfa leaves and 2) to compare the traditional, time-consuming, destructive method of estimating LAI (direct method) to a relatively quick, indirect estimate of LAI in …

Test Of Rpa Production Coefficients And Local Assumptions For The Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystem In Central Utah, U.S. Forest Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This study fields test production assumptions, such as those for herbage and shrubs, developed in response to the Resources Planning Act.

Mule Deer Diets On A Chained And Seeded Central Utah Pinyon-Juniper Range, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Study of the seasonal use by mule deer of some native and introduced species on a pinyon-juniper restoration project showed that woody species made up the bulk of pellet samples, followed by forbs and grasses. Land managers are advised on seeding and grazing practices for enhancing big game habitats.

Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Biomass And Plant Succession In Western Aspen, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Biomass of grasses, forbs, shrubs, and aspen suckers was determined annually for three prescribed fires in aspen and aspen-conifer forests in southeastern Idaho and western Wyoming. Fires ranged from low to high severity and overstory mortality from 20 to 100 percent. Over 4 postburn years, production of grasses and forbs averaged 1.5 to 3.3 times that of controls. After 5 years, shrub biomass was 21 to 100 percent of preburn biomass. The varied patterns of seral vegetation and their management implications are discussed.

Revegetation By Land Imprinter And Rangeland Drill, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Wildfires

The land imprinter and rangeland drill were compared for revegetation of a wildfire burn in the Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) vegetation type. Seeding trials were conducted on strips 152 m wide and 1.6 km long. Seeded species were fairway wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), luna pubescent wheatgrass (A. trichophorum), Russian wildrye (Elymus junceus), and Ladak alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Severe wind erosion on the study area occurred the first spring. Total seeded plant densities and cover were significantly higher with the imprinting treatment. Production of seeded plants was higher on the imprinted areas the first 2 years; thereafter, compensatory growth …

Resources For Inventorying Plants In The Southeast Asian Tropics: Plans For The Future, J.S. Burley, P.F. Stevens, E.A. Wood

Biology Department Faculty Works

We aimed to cover two issues in this workshop; the third arose during the course of the discussion: 1. The need for an increased rate of collecting in the Southeast Asian tropical area (‘Malesia’ for short) if taxonomic decisions in the ‘Flora Malesiana’ and other taxonomic projects are to be soundly based and, more generally, if there are to be materials adequate for the future needs of taxonomy. 2. The likelihood that any attempt to increase collecting, or even simply to continue collecting at the present rate, without paying adequate attention to the distribution, mounting, and preservation of the specimens …