Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Shrubs And Trees On Growth And Yield Of Cenchrus Ciliaris In The Three-Strata Forage System, W Suanten, I M. Nitis, S Putra, K Lana

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A three-strata forage system (TSFS} experiment was carried out for 5 years to compare the effect of Lencaena, Glirlcldia and trees on the growth and yield of buffel grass (Cenchrus clliaris}, The completely randomised design consisted of the integration of Cenchrus with 2 shrub legumes and 3 fodder trees with 9 repl_ications. The 0.25 ha TSFS plot was divided into 11 0.16 ha core area for food crops, 11 0.09 hil peripheral area for Cenchrus, Panicum, Graham stylo, Verano stylo and Centrosema, and • n 200 m circumference area for Ficus, Lannea and Hibiscus planted nt …

Trees And Shrubs As Secondary Components Of Pasture, A N. Atta-Krah

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Traditionally, the concept of pasture has precluded tree crops in any meaningful and productive way. Grasses and herbaceous legumes have been the major components of pasture. The place of trees in pasture is often limited to live fencing, and a few other trees interspersed within the pasture, to provide shade for livestock. In tropical and subtropical areas, where trees are a significant part of the natural vegetation, the non-inclusion· of trees in pasture and agricultural production systems and their increasing rate of disappearance from the zone are giving rise to serious environmental and agricultural concerns. There is an increasing realisation …

Pastures As The Secondary Components In Tree-Pasture Systems, Chin Peng Chen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The multi-stata canopy structure of rain forest allows only I% sunlight penetration, too little for the survival of forage beneath it. However, man-made forest plantation (rubber, oil palm and coconut) allows more light for forage species. Initially, 60-70 forage species were recorded under these modified forest canopies but only one third of them survived heavy shading. Forage dry matter yields declined from 2.8-4.8 I/ha DM at immature phase of plantations, to 0.1-1.0 I/Im at mautre phase. Nutrients. available to grazing animals from forages under plantations were guile high (18.4 kg Nit DM and 5609 MJ MEit DM) from native forages, …

Grazing Potential Of Desiccation-Tolerant Tropical And Subtropical Grasses, Y A. Sutaryono, D F. Gaff

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Some desiccation-tolerant grasses possess the potential for use as a grazing source for animals. Some species compared favourably in nutrient content and digestibility with other tropical animal fodder grasses. The Sporobolus species, S. aff, fimbriatus, S. lampranthus, S. pellucidus, together with Eragrostis invalida and Eragrostiella nardoides showed the most promising combination of desirable characteristics. Resurrection grasses contained potentially toxic substances, but, it appears, in amounts harmless to animals, Animal feed trials are needed to test their real feed value, palatability and non-toxicity to animals.

Beef Cow Adaptation To Hot Dry Climates, T.D A. Forbes, J W. Holloway, B G. Warrington

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Behavioural adaptation of Bos taurus (Angus) and B. indicus B: taurus cross (Brangus) females to high ambient temperatures was studied in 2 trials (maximum ambient temperatures of 37 .8 and 32.5°C respectively) in a semi-arid area of south Texas. Brangus females grazed for longer (297 v. 239 min/day, P<0.0001) spent less time in shade (288 v. 395 min/day, P<0.0001), and spent less time watering (95 v. 115 min/day, P<0.0001) than Angus females. Trial by breed interactions were detected (P<0.001) for resting in shade, resting in sun and watering time. Both breeds were apparently restricted in grazing time by high ambient temperatures during both trials, but the Angus were restricted to a greater extent. Although ambient temperatures were lower in the second trial, the threshold for allowing grazing unrestricted by heat stress was apparently not reached for either breed,

Mixed-Species Grazing In The Highland Sourveld Of South Africa: An Evaluation Of Animal Production Potential, M B. Hardy, N M. Tainton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of mixed-species grazing, at 5 cattle to sheep ratios all at the same stocking rale, on individual animal mass change/ ha mass change/ Ila were monitored for 2 grazing seasons, The ratios were balanced in terms of animal units which equate the expected intake of cattle and sheep. The study was conducted on a humid grasslands in which the herbage characteristically loses quality as Jt mature1. Mass gains of individual cattle were higher when the cattle grazed 10ge1her with the sheep than when they grazed alone. This was ascribed to increasing herbage availability as the ratio of cattle …

Prediction Of Live-Weight Gain Of Cattle Grazing Pastures On Brigalow Soil, M Hirata, C K. Mcdonald, R M. Jones

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A model for predicting the live-weight gain-(LWD) of cattle from climatic conditions and pasture and cattle attributes was developed. The model was calibrated and validated against the data from a long-term grazing experiment on brigalow soil, sown with green panic pastures. When validated, the model tended to overestimate LWG as the proportion of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) in the pasture decreased, because the model was calibrated, without considering species composition, to data from years when green panic was dominant. This study emphasises the limitations of empirical models of grazing systems. The study also implies that there …

Beef Production From Commercial Leucaena Leucocephala Pastures In A Dry Subtropical Environment, R L. Clem, C R. Esdale, M J. Conway, D Macintyre

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leucaena leucocephala is a legume widely adapted to the tropics and subtropics and is currently recommended for sowing on fertile clay soils in the subconstal (100-1000 mm) rainfall areas of Queensland. It produces high quality forage that can be used as browse with native or sown grass pastures to improve live-weight gain of grazing beef cattle. At Banana in central Queensland a commercial grazing enterprise has been developed on 1450 ha of land cleared of brigalow scrub and cropped for 20-30 years before sowing to leucaena. Leucaena has been established on about 80% of the property. Stocking rates are varied …

Improving Livestock Production Using The Heavy-Duty Blade Plough On Pastures Infested With Brigalow Suckers, P Filet, J Agnew, R Barnett, J Clewett

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Reducing brigalow {Acacia harpophylla) sucker numbers is necessary to maintain the productivity of grass pastures on brigalow soils in' Australia. Blade ploughing brigalow sucker regrowth is an effective control oplion. A 97% mortality was achieved when brigalow suckers were treated with a blade plough in central Queensland. Pasture yield was 3 times higher in a blade-ploughed paddock than in an adjacent sucker paddock 6 months after treatment and after 2 more summers. During 3 years of grazing, stocking rates were 7 .5 ha/steer in the sucker paddock and 2.3-3.2 ha/steer in the blade0ploughed paddock, Annual· live-weight gains/head were …

Animal Feed Research In Eastern And Southern Africa: Historical And Actual Priorities, Samuel C. Jutzi, J C. Tothhill

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A review of animal feed research reports from 7 countries of eastern and southern Africa is used to assess historical and actual research emphases. Priority was on feed supply and evaluation for cattle production with strong rangelands improvement programmes. Most research focused on ecologically favoured regions and larger-scale livestock commodity production. Strong efforts for the exploitation of grasses for improved feed supply were supported by legume work for feed quality improvement. There was a strong emphasis on feed agronomy work, one third of all that work involving animals. Component research results were reported with little discussion of target systems implications, …

Tropical Pasture Establishment In Thailand By Direct-Drilling, C Lekchom, S Sukpituksakul, N Wongsuwan, B R. Watkin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The establishment, early production and quality of 4 tropical grasses was compared when established by direct-drilling into uncultivated, herbicide-kllled pasture or when sown into a fully cultivated, well­prepared seedbed. Direct-drilling resulted in significantly better establishment and early production than drilling into a prepared seedbed at the first cut, but not at subsequent cuts. Forage quality in terms of both crude protein and dry matter digestibility was high in all treatments, with no difference between sowing techniques and only small differences between species. Results are discussed in relation to farming practice.

Legumes In African Star Grass- Herbaceous Legume Pastures As A Partial Substitute For Concentrate Feed For Dairy Production, Francis Asiedu, B Ahmed, R Paterson, R Simpson, R Motta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two groups of 10 equally matched Jamaica Hope cows from a commercial dairy farm in Jamaica were grazed (stocking rate 3.5 cows/ha) for 2 years on pure African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) and African star grass in mixture with herbaceous legumes in a cross­over design. Dairy ration was fed at the rate of 0.26 and 0.18 kg/day/ kg milk for the grass and mixed pastures respectively. The proportion of legumes in the mixed pasture averaged 0.35 in 1990/91 and 0.20 in 1991/92. Available herbage dry matter was higher for the grass pasture ( 4.43 v. 4.11 t/ha) but …

Animal Production And Dynamics Of Pangola Grass, Ryegrass, And White Clover As Influenced By Grazing Pressure, A De Moraes, G E. Maraschin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A grazing experiment was conducted at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica - UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, RS, from June 1989 to March 1990, to evaluate a mixed pasture of pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and white clover (Trifolium repens) under 4 levels of grazing pressure (GP), namely: 3.S, 7 ,0, 10.5 and 14.0 kg DM of forage on offer /100 kg live weight (LW), with 2 field replications. Average live-weight gain (LWG) decreased as grazing pressure increased. Maximum LWG was obtained at grazing pressures of approximately 12%, which was associated with DM residues …

Cultivated Pasture, Forage On Offer And Animal Responseg, G E. Maraschin, A De Moraes, L.F. A. Da Silva, J Riboldi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal gains on pasture are influenced by the forage dry mailer on offer (DMO). To ascertain this relationship a pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha) pasture was evaluated under forage DMO levels of 3.5%, 7.0%, 10.5% and 14.0% of live weight (LW)/head/day. Two steers were assigned to each treatment as tester animals plus a number of put-and­take steers to maintain the desired levels of forage DMO, at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica • UFRGS • 30°S, from November 1989 to March 1990 (period I) and from October 1990 to May 1991 (period II). Pasture DM production and crude protein were not …

Effect Of Supplementation On Pasture Selection By Grazing Steers. I. Quality Of Ingested Forage, O R. Rosso, P O. Gomez, F Overjero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three oesophageal fistulated Hereford steers (average live weight 304 kg) were supplemented throughout a trial at 0, 0.7 or 1.4% of live weight, with a mixture of 90% ground maize and 10% sunflower expeller. Adaptation and sampling periods were 7 and 4 days respectively. Steers were allocated randomly to 4 Agropyron•dominated pastures of 1800, 2000, 8200 and 8900 kg OM/ha and leaf percentage of 5.8, 28.9, 23.2 and 14.0, respectively. Fistula samples were taken once daily, air dried at 60°C and analysed. Supplementation significantly (P<0.05) affected DM digestibility, which was 51.3, 54.7 and 57.2 for 0, 0.7 and 1.4% levels, respectively. Nitrogen and cell wall content differences were not detected. It appears that supplemented steers preferred pasture components with the highest digestibility.

Seasonal Changes In The Dry Matter Digestibility Of Individual Tillers Of Napiergrass At Two Sites Of At Different Altitudes, Y Ishii, K Ito, H Numaguchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An investigation was made into the seasonal changes in the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of leaf blade (LB) and stem (ST) of individual tillers of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpuretum) grown at the high-altitude site (HA) and low-altitude site (LA) in Miyazaki prefecture, south-western Japan. Within a single sampling date, the variation in the IVDMD with tillers was small both for LB and ST. Negative logarithmic relationships held between the LB percentage and tiller dry weight and between the IVDMD and dry weight of LB and ST. The HA plants produced less dry matter as well as digestible …

Tropical Pastures For Dairy Heifers In The South-Eastern Region Of Brazil, S Aronovich, S R. De Carvalho, Mm Aronovich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A number of experiments using improved tropical pastures (mostly Digltaria decumbems cv. Transvala) for heifers were made in the south-eastern region of Brazil from 1970. The results are presented as: (A) experiments with heifers during· the nursing period, (B) experiments with heifers after. weaning and (C) experiments with heifers older than 6 months. The results and the economical analyses lead to the following conclusions: ( 1) the use of well managed, improved tropical pastures enables adequate growth and development of dairy heifers, (2) the heifers reach sexual maturity before 20 months of age, and (3) the cost of replacement heifers …

Mineral Supplementation And Phosphorus Fertilizer Application On Native Pastures In North-East Argentina, R M. Pizzio, O Royo Pallares

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Extensive cattle production systems in north-east Argentina are based on the use of native pastures. One of the most important limiting factors to improve production is the acute phosphorus deficiency of soils and pastures. A large experiment was set up to study the effect of phosphorus fertiliser and mineral supplementation on the live­weight gain of steers of 2 ages grazing native pastures. Supplementation with a mixture of bone meal and salt, residual effect of P fertilisation, and both treatments applied together increased the annual animal live-weight gain by 60, 66 and 106%, respectively. The response of younger steers to fertiliser …

Anisotropy Of Nitroxide Radicals, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

The special utility of nitroxide radicals for probing orientation and motion depends on the anisotropy of g-values and hyperfine values, especially the ¹⁴N hyperfine.

Concentration Effects On Nitroxides, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

We need to distinguish line broadening due to restricted motion from line broadening due to concentration of the same or other paramagnetic species. For example, if you increase the concentration of nitroxyl to get better S/N, the lines will broaden due to collisions with other nitroxyl molecules.

Pilot Study: Initial Investigation Suggests Differences In Emt-Associated Gene Expression In Breast Tumor Regions, Kylie L. King, Hamed Abdollahi, Zoe Dinkel, Alannah Akins, Homayoun Valafar, Heather Dunn

Faculty Publications

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype and disproportionately affects African American women. The development of breast cancer is highly associated with interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), and recent research suggests that cellular components of the ECM vary between racial groups. This pilot study aimed to evaluate gene expression in TNBC samples from patients who identified as African American and Caucasian using traditional statistical methods and emerging Machine Learning (ML) approaches. ML enables the analysis of complex datasets and the extraction of useful information from small datasets. We selected four regions of interest …

Heartdj - Music Recommendation And Generation Through Biofeedback From Heart Rate Variability, Egemen Şahin

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

This study investigates the integration of real-time physiological data with AI-generated music to enhance emotional well-being, stress regulation, and focus, using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as a biomarker of autonomic function. Conducted in two phases—Stable Audio Open (SAO) and Suno (SUNO)—the research evaluates biofeedback-driven music interventions across varying daily music-listening habits.

In the SAO phase, short AI-generated instrumental tracks were compared with Spotify recommendations and guided meditation. Modest HRV improvements were observed in biofeedback conditions, but participants noted emotional limitations, citing short track lengths and abrupt transitions.

The SUNO phase addressed these limitations with longer, more complex AI-generated compositions combined …

Comparison Of Climate Change Awareness Among Coastal Communities In Northern And Southern East Java, Indonesia, Sukma Perdana Prasetya, Ketut Prasetyo, Warsono Warsono, Sarmini Sarmini, Muhammad Turhan Yani, Agus Suprijono, Sugeng Hariyanto, Nasution Nasution, Mohd Hairy Ibrahim

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

One of the important issues in the world today is climate change. Human activities and natural factors mainly cause these changes. The main factor that triggers this phenomenon is the need for more public knowledge in dealing with and anticipating the impacts of climate change. Therefore, this research analyzed the comparative knowledge and perceptions of coastal communities regarding climate change in East Java. Purposive sampling and snowball methods were used to select 110 respondents to complete the survey form. 50 respondents were taken from residents on the Sendang Biru coast, South Malang Regency, and 60 were taken from residents on …

An Effective Secure Multi-Objective Task Scheduling Algorithm In Multi-Cloud Environment, V K S K Sai Vadapalli, Ramesh Babu Gurujukota, Phaneendra Varma Chintalapati, Satyanarayana Murty, G. Sai Chaitanya Kumar, Satish Kumar Kode

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In cloud environments, task scheduling is essential for improving performance. Nevertheless, the existence of several heterogeneous clouds makes scheduling extremely difficult, requiring increasingly advanced algorithms to manage these environments' diversity and dynamic nature. To solve this, numerous authors have created a variety of task schedulers utilizing heuristic and metaheuristic techniques. Nevertheless, it remains dynamic and challenging because task scheduling is an NP-hard issue. Furthermore, in many complicated situations, it is still problematic to guarantee security throughout the task’s execution. Therefore, this paper introduces a multi-objective security-aware task scheduler using the Crayfish Mud Ring Optimization Algorithm for a multi-cloud environment. This …

Development And Evaluation Of Butyl Norbornene Based Cross-Linked Anion Exchange Membranes For Enhanced Nonaqueous Redox Flow Battery Efficiency, M. Motiur Mazumder, Hazel Gerber, Paul A. Kohl, Shelley D. Minteer

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NARFBs) have been plagued by the lack of appropriate separators to prevent crossover. In this article, the synthesis and characterization of poly(norbornene) (PNB) anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) were studied. PNB is a copolymer of butyl norbornene (BuNB) and bromobutyl norbornene (BrBuNB) with varying amounts of tetramethyl hexadiamine cross-linker. The performance of the AEMs was investigated in nonaqueous redox flow batteries under ideal conditions. Performance evaluation encompassed several key factors, including durability in a nonaqueous solvent, charge-carrying ions permeability, electric cell resistance, crossover of redox-active molecules, and mechanical properties. The BuNB-based AEMs outperformed the commercial Fumasep membrane in …

Uncovering Acoustic Biomarkers To Classify Parkinson Disease Through Machine Learning, Felix Yeboah

Data Science and Data Mining

The early detection of diseases profoundly influences treatment efficacy, and accurate classification methodologies are essential for effective disease identification. In this project, we examined fve different classifers—Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Machines—and evaluated their performance in detecting Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on voice features. The study aims to identify the best classifier for detecting PD. XGBoost performed the best, with an accuracy of 91% on the full dataset. After variable selection, KNN had the best performance with an accuracy of 91%. These findings suggest that Machine learning algorithms(classifiers) can …

Evaluation Of Variable Selection Techniques On The Genetic Architecture Of Flowering Time In Maize, Felix Yeboah

Data Science and Data Mining

In this project, we investigate several variable selection procedures to give an overview of how well they perform on a genomic dataset using three different penalized regression approaches. Comparisons between different methods were performed. These methods include Ridge, lasso, and Elastic Net. We utilized 4494 observations with 7389 SNPs gene scores to predict time to male flowering (dtoa). We assessed the performance of these three models in terms of mean square error. Not surprisingly, Lasso and Elastic Net perform better than Ridge Regression. Overall, Elastic Net performed better in predicting the time of male flowering (dtoa).

Where The Leaves Fall, Beatrice Shackelford

Student Work

"My Father in heaven wept the first tears for this world. He has and is working toward the redemption and restoration of His good creation."

Posting about experiencing awe in God's world from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Where the Leaves Fall

New Insights Into Controlling The Functional Properties Of Tin Oxide-Based Materials, Alexandra Kuriganova, Nina Smirnova

Journal of Electrochemistry

Development of methodologies for fabrications of nanostructured materials that provide control over their microstructural features and compositions represents a fundamental step in the advancement of technologies for productions of materials with well-defined functional properties. Pulse electrolysis, a top-down electrochemical approach, has been demonstrated to be a viable method for producing nanostructured materials with a particular efficacy in the synthesis of tin oxides. This method allows for significant control over the composition and shape of the resulting tin oxides particles by modifying the anionic composition of the aqueous electrolyte, obviating the need for additional capping agents in the synthesis process and …

A Cnt Intercalated Co Porphyrin-Based Metal Organic Framework Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Pei-Pei He, Jin-Hua Shi, Xiao-Yu Li, Ming-Jie Liu, Zhou Fang, Jing He, Zhong-Jian Li, Xin-Sheng Peng, Qing-Gang He

Journal of Electrochemistry

The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells. Herein, we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during the growth process of MOF crystals, synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure. Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin. Simultaneously, the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT …