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Cost-Effective Wilderness Fire Management: A Case Study In Southern California, Christian A. Childers, Douglas D. Piirto

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Federal wilderness fire management policies have been scrutinized since the catastrophic fires in the Greater Yellowstone Area in 1988. While wilderness tire management objectives are still aimed at recreating natural fire regimes, all USDA Forest Service fire management programs must be cost-effective. Since current Forest Service economic analyses do not fully represent the value of fire to wilderness, a cost-effectiveness analysis was developed to compare wilderness fire management options. The analytical procedure is briefly reviewed, illustrated through a southern California case study and case study results are discussed. These results suggest that containment of some tires may be more cost-effective …

Lamb Predation In Patagonian Ranches, J. Bellati, J. Von Thungen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Lamb predation in Patagonia, Argentina, is considered by ranchers as the cause of one of their greatest losses and limits sheep production. Patagonian red fox (Dusicyon culpaeus) is the main predator and the magnitude of the problem reflects its distribution and abundance. Since 1979, the Bariloche Experimental Station of the Instituto Nacional de Technologia Agropecuaria (INTA) has performed 8 studies, totaling 1,717 lamb necropsies, with the purpose of determining the relative importance of predation and other causes of lamb mortality. This paper analyzes the causes of lamb mortality, with special reference to red fox and carnivorous bird predation. …

Rodent Problems In Range Rehabilitation, Richard Everett, Steve Monsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Seed predation by rodents has limited successful re-establishment of desirable shrubs, forbs, and grasses on degraded western rangelands. We need to develop methods that temporarily reduce rodent numbers or their predation of planted seed if we are to establish diverse rangeland plant communities. Range site conversion treatments of chaining, prescribed burning, spraying, or drilling have not been effective in reducing deer mice populations. However, seed predation has been reduced by adopting seeding strategies that mimic natural seed predation avoidance mechanisms. Seedings have been designed to mimic the "satiation" strategy for plant establishment by providing more seed and sacrifice foods than …

Reproduction And Population Structure Of Pocket Gophers (Thomomvs Bottae) From Irrigated Alfalfa Fields, Susan C. Loeb

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Pocket gophers were collected from irrigated alfalfa fields (IRR) and non-irrigated fallow fields (NIRR) in Davis, California, for 2 years. Reproduction was continuous in IRR fields with very little seasonal variation in reproductive activity. In contrast, reproduction in NIRR fields occurred primarily during the rainy season (winter and spring). Females in IRR fields produced approximately twice as many litters per year (3.6-3.9) as females in NIRR habitats (1.7). The high reproductive potential of adult females in IRR fields coupled with the early age of sexual maturity among young females suggests that population recovery after control measures is likely to be …

Vertebrate Pests Of Uk Agriculture: Present Problems And Future Solutions, Anthony R. Hardy

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The status of damage by vertebrate pests to growing and stored agricultural crops is reviewed in the light of changing patterns of agricultural practice and land use within the UK. Significant problems and existing management techniques are briefly discussed. The results of recent research by the Agricultural Department and Advisory Service (ADAS) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food are explored to indicate the future direction of vertebrate pest management to reduce crop damage. Recent changes in legislation and public attitudes impose constraints on some of the approaches to solving problems. The continued role of traditional control methods is …

Rodents As A Food Source, Lynwood A. Fiedler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rodents, one of several kinds of vertebrates included in the human diet, are very suitable as human food. More than 71 genera and 89 species of rodents, mostly hystricomorphs, have been consumed by man. Some have even been domesticated for private or commercial production of food for human consumption. Rodents in the temperate world serve only as a supplement to the regular diet of humans; but in the tropical world, they are widely accepted and a popular source of protein. Although harvesting field rats for human food is beneficial, it is not an effective pest control strategy. Consuming rodents in …

Survival Of Trout Strains As Affected By Limnological Parameters, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Timothy Modde, Chris Luecke, Cheryl Courtney

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. (ca. 80 mm S.L.) stocked into mid-elevation reservoirs in Utah are vulnerable to predation from piscivorous fish and birds. I determined how effectively juvenile trout used cover to avoid these predators by using direct observations (snorkel transects) on habitat selection in two reservoirs. Observations of juvenile trout were conducted within five weeks of stocking in 1988 and 1989. During the day juvenile trout were abundant in complex inshore habitats. Juvenile trout actively fed during the day but the time of peak feeding was variable. Large Daphnia made of > 95% of the diet of juvenile trout. …

Hay Additive Review: "Where We've Been, Where We're Going", William C. Mahanna, Steve Soderlund

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The losses from harvest to feed bunk are undoubtedly greater with hay than any other crop grown by the American farmer. The economic implications of reducing losses through improved harvest technologies is staggering when one considers the 75-85 million tons of alfalfa harvested out of the total 140-145 million tons of hay produced annually in the United States.

Alfalfa Producers: Do You Really Know How Good Your Alfalfa Is? Forage Analysis: Importance And Interpretation, Jimmy C. Henning

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Forages make up over 75% of the diet of all cattle and are the basis of cow-calf industry in the midwest. However, a recent survey of over 1000 livestock producers in Missouri revealed that only 5.6 % had ever had their hay tested. They gave several reasons for why they had not tested hay (Table 1). By a large margin, the greatest reason for not testing was that they did not see a need. This fact highlights the purpose of this paper and presentation at the 10th Annual Kentucky Alfalfa Conference. This paper will explain the terms used in …

Fisheries Development And Its Role For Alleviating Nutritional Deficiency In Mauritania, Dia Mamadou Abdoul

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Security of food supply is one of the greatest problems that Mauritania continues to face. Fisheries development, both artisanal and industrial, has the potential of providing an increased and reliable low-cost source of animal protein and it could also help to alleviate the problems of the agricultural sector. The main focus of this paper will be upon fisheries development in Mauritania and how it may contribute to alleviating malnutrition. The examination of Mauritania's fisheries policy, the significance of the political and economic context in which fishing policy was formulated, the effects that these different policies have on Mauritania's overall development …

The Probe, Issue 99 - January/February 1990

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE National Animal Damage Control Association
JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1990
NADCA Election Results
APHIS Activity Report
Predator Meeting Conference
Treasurer’s Report
Letters to Ye Ed
Personnel
ADC Research
New Products
Animal Rights

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 32 Number 2, Winter 1990, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

12 - WHO TAKES CARE OF THE KIDS Day care is one of the major issues society will be forced to grapple with in the 1990s. By Susan Frey

17 - THE GENERAL PAYS A VISIT The superior general of the Jesuit order makes a rare visit to Santa Clara and addresses the SCU and Bellarmine communities. By Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, S.J.

22 - PASSPORT TO FRIENDSHIP A Nome, Alaska Cub Scout troop makes the ultimate field trip, an exchange visit with the Young Pioneers in Provideniya, Russia. By Claire Murphy

26 - WHO, ME? Hazelden is considered the nation's premier …

Response By Stylosanthes Hamata And S. Scabra To Phosphate On Three Soils In The North-Kimberley Of Western Australia, A Mcr Holm, Mario F. D'Antuono

Resource management technical reports

Legume herbage mass was maximized after two or three years application of 50 kg/ha double superphosphate for both Verano and Fitzroy on Red earth soils and for Fitzroy on Yellow lateritic soils. There was increased production of Verano up to the maximum fertilizer level. Both varieties responded in the second year to residual P following application in the first year but there were no responses in subsequent years.

Anasazi Basketmaker: Papers From The 1990 Wetherill-Grand Gulch Symposium, Victoria M. Atkins, Lisa Mcclanahan

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Research Report No. 87 - The Recreational Marron Fishery In Western Australia, Summarised Research Statistics, 1971-1987, N. M. Morrissy, C. J. Fellows

Fisheries Research Reports

The freshwater crayfish Cherax tenuimanus, called marron, provides an important recreational fishery in the south-west of Western Australia. The annual fishing catch and fishing effort have been monitored by a log book research programme and an end-of season telephone survey since the 1971/72 season.

Following the 1986/87 fishing season, the fishery remained closed for two seasons (1987/88 and 1988/89) to permit stocks to recover from the effects of high total fishing effort and unfavourable water conditions over the preceding seasons

This paper provides a detailed account of the catch and effort statistics to the close of the 1986/87 fishing season, …

13.2.10. Decoy Traps For Ducks, James K. Ringelman

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Waterfowl managers and researchers must often capture ducks to band, mark, or measure. During fall and winter, cannon nets, walk-in bait traps, or swim-in traps with funnel entrances are commonly used to capture ducks. However, all of these use bait, usually grain, to lure birds. During the breeding and post-breeding periods, when the diet of many dabbling duck species is dominated by aquatic invertebrates, birds often respond poorly to bait traps. Many diving ducks do not respond to bait traps at any time of the year. Decoy traps are an effective alternative to bait traps in spring and early summer …

13.2.12. Artificial Nest Structures For Canada Geese, I. J. Ball

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Under natural conditions, Canada geese are protected from predatory mammals by selecting nest sites on islands, muskrat lodges, cliffs, or snags, or nests made by ospreys or other motors. The limited availability of safe natural sites seems to hold many goose populations below limits set by other habitat factors. The use of artificial structures to provide safe nest sites for Canada geese in North America began more than 50 years ago; structures are now among the most widely used, and most successful, of goose management practices.

Structures are considered any artificial device, with the exception of earthen or rock islands, …

13.3.5. Ecology Of Northern Prairie Wetlands, Jan Eldridge

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Glaciated wetlands of the prairie pothole region are among the most productive of ecosystems. In terms of primary productivity (vegetation) they rank with the tropical rain forests (Fig. 1). Wetland productivity is controlled by water levels that fluctuate over time. However, primary productivity is highly variable for a variety of reasons including the variance in annual precipitation, the nature of the glacial till, the salinity of the water, the relation of the basin to the groundwater, and the temperature extremes typical of a continental climate.

My purpose is to review the basic patterns that contribute to the productivity of prairie …

Waterlogging Limits Growth On Duplex Soils, Bob Belford, Miles Dracup, David Tennant

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Duplex soils - soils with a sandy topsoil overlying a clayey subsoil -are ividespread in Western Australia's agricultural areas (see map). These soils are potentially highly productive, but crop growth is variable and the soils can become waterlogged. Work on a duplex soil site near Beverley has shoivn that the soil ivaterlogs where the permeability of the clay is low, and that this permeability varies ividely over the site. Waterlogging accounts for an average of half of the variation in wheat yields on this site; surprisingly, lupins have so far appeared less sensitive to waterlogging- The Department of Agriculture and …

Waterlogging : How It Reduces Plant Growth And How Plants Can Overcome Its Effects, Tim Setter, Bob Belford

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Lack of oxygen is the major cause of limited plant growth in waterlogged soils. When soils become waterlogged less gas diffuses to and from the roots through the soil pores; there are changes in concentrations of mineral elements in soil solutions; and toxic products of roots and soil microorganisms begin to accumulate. These changes adversely affect germination, growth and development of plants.

Plant Parasitic Fungi Of Four Tallgrass Prairies Of Northern Iowa: Distribution And Prevalence, Lois H. Tiffany, Judy F. Shearer, George Knaphus

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Throughout the 1980's, most intensively during the past five years, collections of fungal parasites of prairie plants have been made at various times of the growing season from four prairie preserves, Cayler, Freda Haffner Kettlehole, Hayden, and Stinson prairies, in northern Iowa. A total of 216 species of parasitic fungi were collected on 129 prairie plant hosts. Ninety-nine of the fungi were not previously documented from Iowa. Also, fungus species previously reported were found on 72 host species not included in earlier records.

13.3.3. Aquatic Invertebrates Important For Waterfowl Production, Jan Eldridge

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Aquatic invertebrates play a critical role in the diet of female ducks during the breeding season. Most waterfowl hens shift from a winter diet of seeds and plant material to a spring diet of mainly invertebrates. The purpose of this chapter is to give managers a quick reference to the important invertebrate groups that prairie-nesting ducks consume.

Waterfowl species depend differentially on the various groups of invertebrates present in prairie wetlands, but a few generalizations are possible. Snails, crustaceans, and insects are important invertebrate groups for reproducing ducks (Table). Most species of laying hens rely on calcium from snail shells …

13.3.3. Aquatic Invertebrates Important For Waterfowl Production, Jan Eldridge

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Aquatic invertebrates play a critical role in the diet of female ducks during the breeding season. Most waterfowl hens shift from a winter diet of seeds and plant material to a spring diet of mainly invertebrates. The purpose of this chapter is to give managers a quick reference to the important invertebrate groups that prairie-nesting ducks consume.

Waterfowl species depend differentially on the various groups of invertebrates present in prairie wetlands, but a few generalizations are possible. Snails, crustaceans, and insects are important invertebrate groups for reproducing ducks (Table). Most species of laying hens rely on calcium from snail shells …

13.4.2. Economic And Legal Incentives For Waterfowl Management On Private Lands, Richard D. Schultz

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Waterfowl management on public lands in the United States began about 1870 with the establishment of Lake Merritt, a State-owned refuge near Oakland, California. In 1924 the United States established the Upper Mississippi River Wild Life and Fish Refuge, a complex of waterfowl habitats extending from Wabasha, Minnesota, to Rock Island, Illinois. Over the next 50 years, more than 80 million acres of county, State, and Federal lands were acquired across the United States to provide waterfowl production, migration, and wintering habitats. Because of these early (and continuing) efforts, a significant portion of North America’s remaining valuable wetland complexes exists …

13.4.3. Managing Agricultural Foods For Waterfowl, James K. Ringelman

Waterfowl Management Handbook

Agriculture, more than any other human activity, has had a profound influence on North American waterfowl. Most agricultural effects have been detrimental, such as the conversion of grassland nesting cover to cropland, the widespread drainage of wetlands, and the use of pesticides that may poison waterfowl or their food. However, some by-products of agriculture have been beneficial, particularly grain or other foods left as residue after harvest. Many waterfowl are opportunistic feeders, and some species such as Canada geese (Branta canadensis), snow geese (Chen caerulescens), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), northern pintails (A. acuta), …

13.4.4. Habitat Management For Molting Waterfowl, James K. Ringelman

Waterfowl Management Handbook

The ecology, behavior, and life history strategies of waterfowl are inseparably linked to that unique avian attribute, feathers. Waterfowl rely on flight capabilities to migrate, to fully exploit the resources of wetland and upland communities, and to escape life-threatening events. The insulation provided by contour and down feathers allows waterfowl to use a wide range of habitats and protects them from temperature extremes. Plumage is important not only for species recognition during courtship, but also for cryptic coloration of females during incubation. However, feathers become worn and must be periodically replaced. The process of feather renewal, or molt, is a …

13.1.2 Life History Traits And Management Of The Gadwall, James K. Ringelman

Waterfowl Management Handbook

The gadwall is widely distributed throughout the western two-thirds of North America. Although its primary breeding habitat is in the drought-prone and degraded waterfowl habitats of the northern Great Plains, its continental population has remained relatively stable while those of most other dabbling ducks have declined. Some unique life history traits may in part be responsible for the resilience of gadwall populations. These unique attributes, which are important for gadwall management, are the subject of this leaflet. Readers interested in general references on gadwall biology and natural history are referred to Bellrose (1980) or Palmer (1976).

Correlation Of Raccoon Pelt Qualities With Age, Sex, And Physical Condition, Travis C. Glenn

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Fur harvesters and fur buyers have many intuitive ideas about how raccoons' pelt qualities differ due to age, sex, or physical condition. We tried to demonstrate correlations between age classes (juvenile and adult), sex, and physical condition and the quality of raccoon pelts. Quality of pelts was described in three objective ways: size of the pelt, density of the pelage (primeness), and color of the pelage. Physical condition was measured by kidney fat index (KFI) and skin fat index (SFI). Size of the pelts was correlated with age, sex, and both measures of physical condition. Primeness of the pelts was …

Field Pea Agronomy., G. H. Walton, T. R. Trent

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90M64

Site and variety effect on ovule abortion.

Location: Merredin Research Station CSIRO lease block.

To understand the causes of ovule abortion in field peas.

Trial 90M65

Response to seeding rates of peas with different plant architecture.

Location: Merredin Research Station, paddock 8CW3

To compare the yield responses of different pea types to seeding rates.

Trial 90A26

Nitrogen fixation in field pea.

Location: Avondale Research Station, paddock 1C

To compare the growth, N-fixation and yield of 'nodulating' crossbred material against the commercial cultivars of Dundale, Alma, Wirrega and Dinku.

Trial 90A18

Chickpea germplasm introductions.

Location: Avondale Research Station, paddock …

Phosphorus Nutrition., M. D. Bolland, M. J. Baker

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Evaluation of soil test for phosphate on sandy soils.

Results presented for this project, commenced in 1988, which started as a joint project between the Department of Agriculture and Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Agriculture, University of Western Australia.

In the field experiments, 10 levels of superphosphate (three replicates) were applied in May 1988, and 10 levels of superphosphate (also three replicates) were applied in May 1989 onto an adjacent area to the 1988 treatments. Colwell P I(soil test values) and yield data are presented for 1988 and 1989 for the 1988 treatments layed out in 1988, and …