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The Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science April 21-22, 1978 [Program, 90th Meeting], Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

No abstract provided.

Improving On The Contingent Fee, Kevin M. Clermont, John D. Currivan

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Two basic fees--contingent and hourly--dominate the variety of fees that lawyers charge clients for pursuing damage claims. Each of these two types has its advantages; each is plagued with substantial disadvantages. This Article proposes a new type of fee, one that preserves the respective advantages of the two present fees while minimizing their distinct disadvantages.

In essence, the proposed fee calls for the payment, on a contingent basis, of an amount computed by adding one component tied to hours worked and another component linked to amount recovered. The preferability and feasibility of this proposed fee argue for the abolishment, or …

The Mining Of Coal In Bristol, Rhode Island: Potential Methodology, Impacts, And Evaluation Of Community Response, Norman Kahn

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This report addresses the potential commercial mining of coal in the coastal community of Bristol, Rhode Island, with respect to methodology and community response.The attitude of the local community towards any mining proposal will greatly influence the course of development of the resource. In addition, maximum community participation is mandated by both Federal and State law (NEPA and the Rhode Island Coastal Zone Management Act, respectively) (7, 8). It is to be expected that the character of the response will be mediated to a great degree by the expected impacts of the mining operation. For this reason, the methods of …

Reclassification Of The Gray Wolf In The United States And Mexico, With Determination Of Critical Habitat In Michigan And Minnesota

Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery: Annual Reports

The Service issues a final rulemaking which provides for the reclassification of the gray wolf in the United States and Mexico, and for the determination of critical habitat for species of gray wolf in Michigan and Minnesota. The reclassification is considered to accurately express the current status of the gray wolf, based solely on an evaluation of the best available biological data. The special regulations being established in Minnesota are deemed necessary and advisable to provide for the future well-being of the species. Although an increased legal take of wolves committing depredations on domestic animals will be authorized, this take …

Some Problems Concerning The Control Of Bird Damage In Southwestern Nigeria , M. Akande

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The problems of controlling bird damage, especially to crops, may be both social and practical. The practical problems are subject to environmental and ecological factors. The social problems relate to lack of adequate biological knowledge of the pest species, lack of confidence between farmers and researchers, persistent government red tapes, and human feelings. Damage is often as a result of feeding and nesting activities. Control measures include both prevention of contact between birds and crops by erection of barriers, use of chemical repellents and scaring devices, and attempted reduction in numbers of pest species, by shooting and trapping. None of …

"Vexar" Plastic Netting To Reduce Pocket Gopher Depredation Of Conifer Seedlings, Richard M. Anthony, Victor G. Barnes Jr., James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

In 1976, we began a comprehensive evaluation of "Vexar" seedling protectors as a means of reducing damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers (Thomomys spp.). The protectors are cylinders of plastic netting that gradually decompose in sunlight. The evaluation is being conducted on four national forests in three western states. Three conifer species, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa), and Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis), are under study. After two growing seasons, gophers have caused only 5 percent mortality among "Vexar"-enclosed seedlings compared to 20 percent mortality among unprotected …

Rodent Population Control For Public Health And Safety, Allan M. Barnes

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Rodent populations - particularly those that live in close proximity to man - constitute a perennial and often severe threat to man's health as reservoirs and often as direct sources of infection for a wide variety of viral, rickettsial, and bacterial disease producing agents. The following will discuss the place of rodent population reduction for the control of plague, a bacterial disease of rodents transmitted by fleas endemic in the western United States.

The Black-Breasted Lark (Melanocorypha Bimaculata), A Pest Of Sorghum In Butana Region, Gezira Province, Sudan , El Sadwig Awad Beshir

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Attempts were made to investigate and account for some aspects of the present status of the black-breasted lark (Melanocorypha bimaculata) as a pest of sorghum in one of the rain-fed semi-desert areas of the Sudan. Also some observations were conducted to understand the behavior and the feeding habits of the pest in relation to crop damage phenology. Problems encountered in the application of some control techniques were discussed and evaluated in order to suggest sound control strategy.

Improvements In The Use Of 4-Aminopyridine For Protecting Agricultural Crops From Birds, Jerome F. Besser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

In 1976 and 1977, studies to improve the use of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a chemical frightening agent for protecting crops from blackbird damage, were conducted in sunflower in North Dakota, corn in Ohio, grain sorghum in Kansas, and sprouting rice in Arkansas and Texas. Because of the high vulnerability of sunflower, much of the effort was concentrated in this crop, despite the 1976 federal registration of a 4-aminopyridine product, Avitrol^R FC Corn Chops-99S, in 14 midwestern states. Hand baiting the perimeter of fields appeared effective in protecting sunflowers from damage by three species of blackbirds, but was ineffective in protecting …

Control Of The House Mouse (Mus Musculus L.) In The Netherlands, B.T. Bosman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Rodent control is carried out by local authorities, extermination companies or the owners of infested premises. The control of the house mouse, especially in food-handling establishments, is a problem that has existed for some years. Testing in the laboratory indicates a warfarin resistance although the application of new rodenticides like bromadiolone, calciferol and difenacoum has given good results. A "manual" for the control of suspected warfarin resistant house mice is given.

Establishing Native Forbs To Reduce Black-Tailed Deer Browsing Damage To Douglas-Fir, Dan L. Campbell, James Evans

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Principal methods being used to alleviate browsing damage to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in the Pacific Northwest are animal repellents applied to foliage and plastic mesh cylinders around individual seedlings. As an alternate method, we demonstrated that prompt establishment of highly palatable native forbs reduced summer browsing on planted seedlings to the point that black-tailed deer were no longer a factor limiting Douglas-fir regeneration. We believe that establishing native forbs is a sound ecological approach to deer-reforestation problems; furthermore, it should have wide utility because it integrates forest- and wildlife-management …

Closing Remarks—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Jerry P. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

closing remarks

Control Of Ground Squirrels In California Using Anticoagulant Treated Baits, Dell O. Clark

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Anticoagulant treated grain baits have been used to control vertebrate pest depredations in California for over 30 years. The use of anticoagulant treated baits has increased seven (7) times in the past seven (7) years; the majority for the use of ground squirrel, Spermophilus spp., control. Since 1968-69, an average of 1,747,828 net over 5,700,919 gross acres per year has been treated for ground squirrel control.

Current use patterns for ground squirrel control with anticoagulant treated baits include: (1) Repeated spot baitings, and (2) exposure of bait in bait boxes.

Experimental work and many years of operational field use have …

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A total of 436 people registered. They came from 37 states, the District of Columbia, and 12 other countries: Canada, Egypt, England, France, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Switzerland, and Venezuela. The international representation contributed greatly to the success of the Conference by providing an exchange of information on an international level.

Toxic Collar For Control Of Sheep-Killing Coyotes: A Progress Report, Guy E. Connolly, Richard E. Griffiths Jr., Peter J. Savarie

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The toxic sheep collar is the most selective method known for killing coyotes that prey on domestic sheep. The concept dates back to the early 1900's, and has been studied at the Denver Wildlife Research Center (DWRC) since 1974. Field tests with sodium cyanide (NaCN) in 1975 were unsuccessful due to repellent properties of the toxicant and to the apparent reluctance of coyotes to attack tethered lambs wearing bulky collars. Coyotes attacked one or more tethered, collared lambs in 7 of the 19 test pastures. In all, 14 collared lambs were attacked. Eight of the collars were punctured but no …

Bird Damage Research At The University Of California, Davis, A. Charles Crabb

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The University of California, Davis, starling research program was broadened in 1976 to encompass agricultural pest birds in general. Under new direction there were a number of applied problems studied. The effects of feeding cattle only between 1600 hours and 0800 hours on cattle weight gain was studied with results indicating slower weight gains and lower meat quality when compared to cattle fed ad lib. Feed component selection by starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) was also studied finding that a starling selected diet contains a higher percentage of the high protein components than present in a commercially prepared dairy feed …

World Bird Damage Problems, John W. De Grazio

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

There is a lack of information on bird-caused economic losses on a worldwide basis. Some estimates are available for specific problems in the United States, Canada, and parts of Oceania and Europe, but loss estimates are almost totally lacking in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. To justify development of control programs, it is desirable that reliable data on losses be obtained. Such data are helpful at all levels of decision-making about bird control, from research to implementation.

Bird damage situations throughout the world are similar, involving many of the same crops and genera of birds.

This report summarizes major damage …

A Public Information Program On Predator Damage Control, David S. Decalesta

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

A public information and education program was developed in Oregon to defuse a controversy between environmentalists and livestock growers over management of predator damage control. Emphasis was placed on involving special interest and leadership/influential groups in the program and participa-tion was high. Attempts were made to involve the "general public" but response to solicitation and participation were low. Participating groups thought the program was of high value and expressed the need for additional information. Attitudes and beliefs of the special interest groups were changed little by the program, but constructive communications between the groups increased and the controversy dwindled. A …

Aversive Conditioning Tests Of Black Bears In Beeyards Failed, Michael J. Dorrance, Lawrence D. Roy

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of emetic compounds (lithium chloride and cupric sulfate) in honey baits as a technique for preventing black bear damage in fenced beeyards. LiCl and CuSO4 in honey baits did not reduce black bear damage at beeyards. Our experience indicates that LiCl is not a suitable emetic for producing taste aversions in free-ranging black bears.

Brodifacoum (Talon™ Rodenticide), A Novel Concept, A.C. Dubock, D.E. Kaukeinen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Brodifacoum, a new rodenticide, is described. This anticoagulant is shown to be of exceptional potency and capable of controlling resistant rodents as well as several non-commensal species. Results demonstrate that, in contrast to first generation anticoagulants, a bait concentration of only 50 ppm is adequate to give control and in only a single feeding for most species. In common with other anticoagulants, vitamin K₁ is an effective antidote. In contrast with other acute rodenticides, symptoms are delayed and no bait shyness is observed. The results of laboratory and field trials from many parts of the world are summarized and …

Electromagnetic Repellers—Fact Or Fiction?, William D. Fitzwater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The effectiveness of devices that supposedly repel a large number of invertebrate and vertebrate animals by emitting oscillating electromagnetic impulses is investigated. While scientific support that electromagnetic forces affect biological systems exists, these data are based on animals confined under higher intensity fields than are seemingly produced by commercial units. A number of instances of field use of the devices is discussed. These indicate little objective support for the units.

8th Vertebrate Pest Conference 1978 Frontmatter

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

CONTENTS

Management Of Blackbird And Starling Winter Roost Problems In Kentucky And Tennessee, Kenneth M. Garner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Blackbirds and starlings in winter roosts create conflict problems in five major categories: 1) Public Health, 2) Agricultural Crop, 3) Wildlife Competition, 4) Structural, 5) Safety. After identification of problems created by an individual roost and roost site, problems are solved by one or a combination of seven methods: 1) No Action, 2) Move the Roost, 3) Alteration of Agricultural Practices, 4) Bird Proofing, 5) Move Birds from Feeding or Loafing Site, 6) Population Reduction at Feedlots, 7) Population Reduction of Roosts.

Control Of The Multimammate Rat, Mastomys Natalensis (A. Smith) In The Irrigated Fields Of The Republic Of Burundi, Jacques Giban

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Irrigated cultivations have been developed in Burundi with the aid of the European Fund for Development. Three major rodent species are considered pests, but one of them is far more important and can survive flooding: Mastomys natalensis, the multimammate rat. The biological cycle of the species is well identified, with peak populations generally in the July-October period. A first attempt to prevent the damages consisted of slight changes in the timing of some cultivations. The second step was to find a rodenticide and a bait that could have practical use in that country. Corn paraffin blocks poisoned with chlorophacinone …

Vertebrate Pest Control In Urban/Suburban Areas, Ronald M. Gilman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Urban/suburban vertebrate pest control problems present unique challenges because of the people-afflicted environment in which they occur. People are a major consideration in effective urban/ suburban vertebrate pest control because of their emotions and changing values. Those responsible for today's vertebrate pest control must anticipate and consider this element of increasing importance and use it to their advantage rather than let it become a liability.

Damages Caused By Cotton Rat, Sigmodon Hispidus Zanjonensis, On Sugar Cane In San Pedro Sula, Honduras , A. Gonzalez Romero, G. Tello Sandoval, J. Sernasecundino, V.M. Aguilar Ramirez

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Technical assistance was given to Compañía Azucarera Hondureña, S.A. (Agro-Industrial Co.), Honduras, Central America, to determine if a campaign against noxious rodents to agriculture crops was needed. Several trappings were carried out at different places using snap traps to determine the population structure of rodents associated with the crop, and live traps to determine the index or density of the Sigmodon hispidus rat population, which was identified as being responsible for the damage to sugarcane. Results were 43.24% adult males, 14.86% young males, 31.41% adult females, and 10.47% young females. Of the adult females captured, 54.83% were pregnant with an …

Coyotes, Sheep And Lithium Chloride, Richard E. Griffiths Jr., Guy E. Connolly, Richard J. Burns, Ray T. Sterner

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The use of LiCl-treated baits and carcasses has been advocated as a means of controlling coyote predation on sheep through a process known as "aversive conditioning or taste aversion." While some investigators have made well publicized claims of damage reduction through the use of LiCl on sheep ranges, other researchers have experienced difficulty establishing prey aversion in captive coyotes. The conflicting results suggest a need for extensive, carefully controlled research in both pen and field situations before valid conclusions can be reached regarding aversive conditioning as a depredations control method.

County Programs For Vertebrate Pest Control In California, M. Hugh Handley

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Vertebrate pest control is an important function which has been performed for many years by County Agricultural Commissioners. Since 1917, control materials have been prepared and distributed to assist farmers in the control of rodents and pest animals. Our authority for these programs comes from the California Food and Agricultural Code. It explains why this aspect of pest control is conducted by Agricultural Commissioners.

Opening Comments—Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference—And The Stability Of Vertebrate Populations In Man-Modified Habitats, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Good morning. I am Professor Howard, your Conference Chairperson. Welcome to the Eighth Vertebrate Pest Conference. Vertebrate pest control has come a long way since our first two-day Conference, in 1962. An excellent meeting has been arranged by the hard-working Conference Committees and the 17 members of the Vertebrate Pest Council, who direct the Vertebrate Pest Conference. It is already a great success--because all of you are here. As I said in opening our first Conference 16 years ago, this is a Conference, not a convention. No motions or resolutions will be entertained. We are here to get acquainted with …

Rid-A-Bird Perches To Control Bird Damage, William B. Jackson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Rid-A-Bird wick perches, using 9.4% endrin or 11% fenthion, may be used on a variety of structures for control of house sparrows, starlings, and pigeons. Installations take advantage of a bird's propensity to perch briefly before feeding or entering roost or nesting structures. Applications may be made to a variety of structures but are restricted from food storage or preparation areas. Additional toxicity and use research is needed.