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Heavy Metal Concentrations In The Waters Of The Springfield Area, Missouri, Anita Louise Williams

Masters Theses

"Water samples consisting of streams, springs, lakes, deep wells, and shallow wells were collected from various locations around the Springfield area. These were analysed for concentrations of the heavy metals of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, mercury, and iron. Heavy metal contents in the waters occasionally show local concentrations. The zinc content can be related to known minor mineralized areas around Springfield. Some iron content in the surface waters and shallow aquifers is contributed by the iron-bearing clays and pyrites in the shallow formations.

The ranges of heavy metal values in the Springfield area are in ppb: lead, 1 to 70; …

Note On The Poisson Distribution, I. Adawi

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Gaas Laser Experiments For The Undergraduate Laboratory, R. E. Robert, Daniel J. Jones, Kaare J. Nygaard

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Chemical Shift Parameters For Shallow Donors In Semiconductors, Edward Boyd Hale

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model for a shallow donor impurity in a semiconductor is used to calculate two relationships and several conditions involving the chemical shift parameters. The model is based on the standard effective mass form for the donor electron wave function, the existence of a potential in the chemical cell which may be real, pseudo, or rather general in nature, and a few somewhat restrictive approximations. The parameters, Δ, δ and Λ are theoretically calculated and are shown to be related if the approximations are valid. These parameters determine the 1S multiplet level structure and it is shown how properties of …

Production Of Metastable Ions In Cesium-Atom-Electron Collisions, Kaare J. Nygaard, Yu Bong Hahn

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The structure in the total electron-impact ionization cross section in cesium can be partially accounted for by the mechanisms of autoionization and excitation ionization of 5p electrons. For electron energies above 17 eV a large fraction of the ions are metastable and can de detected by Auger emission from a metal surface. The experiment was performed in a cesium-atom-electron crossed-beam apparatus, and the metastable ions were counted with a channel electron multiplier. The metastable-ion count rate was a factor of 100 higher than that due to photons from atomic and ionic transitions. We have measured the over-all excitation function for …

Total Electron Impact Ionization Cross Section In Rubidium From Threshold To 250 Ev, Kaare J. Nygaard, Yu Bong Hahn

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A study of ionization in rubidium has been made in a crossed atom-electron beam apparatus. At an electron energy of about 10 eV there is a maximum in the cross section corresponding to the maximum probability for removal of the 5s valence electron. At 16.5 eV we have observed a new peak that is caused by the mechanism of autoionization. For energies below 30 eV there is a good agreement, both in shape and magnitude, between the present measurements and the empirical formula of Lotz. The over-all uncertainty in the measurements is ± 12% which is mostly accounted for by …

Molecular Beam Measurements Of Total Collision Cross Sections Of H 22o, William R. Snow, J. T. Dowell, J. G. Chevrenak, H. E. Berek

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The total cross section for H22O-H22O scattering is measured with a supersonic nozzle beam system. The primary beam has a narrow velocity distribution, and the velocity is varied by control of the nozzle temperature. Velocities are determined by time-of-flight techniques. Cross sections obtained are averages over a Maxwellian distribution of the target molecules. Data at three velocities are presented. The cross sections for H2O are surprisingly small, for example, 3.07 x10-14 cm2 at 1x105 cm/sec, indicating little contribution from the dipole-dipole interaction.

Absolute Differential Elastic- And Inelastic-Scattering Cross Sections In 25-140 Kev He+ + He Collisions, Victor Pol, Walter Kauppila, John T. Park

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Data obtained as energy-loss spectra at angles from 0 to 7.3x10-3 rad (c.m.) with typical energy-loss resolution of 0.7 eV and angular resolution of 2x10-3 rad (c.m.) were used to calculate average differential cross sections dσdΩav for elastic scattering, direct excitation of the individual He(n=2) states, and direct excitation of the He+(n=2) states. The total cross section for excitation of the He(n=2) states obtained by integrating the differential cross sections was found to be 20x10-18 cm2 at 25 keV (lab) decreasing to 7x10-18 cm2 at 140 keV. At incident lab energies below 100 keV the He(2S2) and He(2P3) states dominate …

On The Effect Of Cesium In Photoionization Laser Plasmas, Kaare J. Nygaard

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A number of photoionization mechanisms and how they can be used to generate large-volume laser plasmas are discussed. Reaction rates for two-step photoionization of the cesium atoms as well as formation of molecular ions (Cs2+) are estimated. The necessary cross-section data were obtained from related research in thermionic energy converters. © 1973, IEEE. All rights reserved.

Penning Ionization Of Zn And Cd By Noble-Gas Metastable Atoms, L. A. Riseberg, William F. Parks, Laird D. Schearer

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Penning-ionization cross sections for He, Ne, Ar, and Kr metastable atoms with Zn and Cd have been measured in a pulsed afterglow. Within the framework of existing theories we have determined those parameters which are of importance in collisions of this type. We find that our data are internally consistent if the cross sections are proportional to the cube of the "hard-sphere" radii and the effects of selection rules are included. A theoretical basis for this dependence is suggested. © 1973 The American Physical Society.

General Theory Of Diffusion-Controlled Reactions, Gerald Wilemski, Marshall Fixman

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A formal mathematical description of diffusion-controlled bimolecular reactions is presented. The theory is completely general with respect to the kinds of reaction processes that may be considered. Besides the presentation of the general formalism, the paper also contains several examples illustrating the application of the theory to a simple many-particule system for simple catalytic bimolecular reactions, including fluorescence quenching. The manner in which approximate solutions may be obtained is also outlined.

Possible Applications Of Surface Electromagnetic Waves To Measure Absorption Coefficients, Ralph William Alexander, Robert John Bell, C. A. Ward, James Roger Weaver, I. L. Tyler, B. Fischer

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We Show that Surface Electromagnetic Waves Can Probably Be Used to Measure the Absorption Coefficients of Materials overlaying Metals. the Proposed Experimental Method is Illustrated in the Infrared Frequency Range using Water, Teflon, and Polyethylene as Sample Materials.

Branchiobdellids (Annelida: Clitellata) From Some Eastern North American Caves, With Descriptions Of New Species Of The Genus Cambarincola, Perry C. Holt

International Journal of Speleology

Branchiobdellids are found as epizoites on crustaceans of the orders Isopoda and Decapoda (cambarine crayfishes) in caves of eastern North America. Species that may be considered as troglobites, since they are not known from epigean waters, appear to be confirmed to truly troglobitic isopods and possibly a few troglobitic crayfishes from Florida and the Tennessee-Kentucky Highland Rim cave belt. The majority of the records of branchiobdellids from caves are of representatives of common epigean forms epizootic un crayfishes. Cross-referenced lists of branchiobdellids, their hosts and cave localities are presented. Some of the new species described are apparently troglobitic or troglophilic, …

Feeding Behavior Of The Salamander Gyrinophilus Porphyriticus In Caves, David C. Culver

International Journal of Speleology

The feeding responses of salamander larvae (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) from caves in the Powell Valley in Virginia were investigated in the laboratory. The larvae locate prey by mechanoreception and capture the prey by a rapid sucking action, much like cave-limited salamanders do. Feeding success is greater with the isopod Asellus recurvatus (about 90 per cent) than with the amphipod Crangonyx antennatus (about 50 per cent), and this largely accounts for the higher frequency of A. recurvatus taken in choice experiments. G. porphyriticus readily ingested the unfamiliar isopod Lirceus usdagalun, but it took four weeks before it was digested …

Ii Popolamento Di Ragni Nelle Grotte Tropicali (Araneae), Paolo Marcello Brignoli

International Journal of Speleology

The so called “tropical” caves (most of which are also geographically “tropical”) are distinguished from the “temperate” caves by the much larger trophic resources. Spiders are common in both kinds of caves, but the groups present in one kind are mostly absent in the other (notwithstanding that many families are distributed over at least one temperate and one tropical region). As in all temperate caves more or less the same groups of spiders can be found, so the tropical caves have a typical spider fauna, composed of different groups (often also more than those present in the temperate caves). In …

Stato Attuale Delle Conoscenze Sugli Histeridae Ipogei, Vincenzo Vomero

International Journal of Speleology

The author makes some considerations on troglobitic and endogeous world Histeridae. All these species present extreme reduction of eyes or are completely blind; all are wingless and only one is brachipterous. The Histeridae described here belong to the following genera: Speleacritus Jeannel and Spelaeabraeus Moro (Abraeinae), Sardulus Patrizi, Bacanius Le Conte, Troglobacanius Vomero and Geoculus Wenzel. (Dendrophilinae, Bacanius group). Finally some considerations on troglophylic and guanobitic Histeridae are made, reporting the recent discovery of a new genus and of some new species belonging to guanobitic biocoenosis of Mexican tropical caves.

Biotope Et Description De Niphargus Altagahizi N. Sp., Amphipode Gammaridé Souterrain Du Liban, N. Alouf

International Journal of Speleology

Description of a small warm cave situated along the Mediterranean shore; the temperature of water varies from 14 to 19°C. Inhabiting this cave is Niphargus altagahizi, a new species related to orcinus s.l. group. Description of this species and comparison with the other Lebanese species, N. nadarini.

Redescription Of Centromerus Bulgarianus (Drensky 1931) And Centromerus Lakatnikensis (Drensky 1931), (Araneae, Linyphiidae), Ch. Deltshev

International Journal of Speleology

The type specimens (lectotypes) of Centromerus bulgarianus and C. lakatnikensis, preserved in the collection of the Zoological Institut — BAN, Sofia, are redescribed. The redescription is necessary, because the original description is superficial and the drawings are inexact. Moreover, the male of C. lakatnikensis was unknown.

Temperature Preference Responses Of Some Aquatic, Cave-Adapted Crustaceans From Central Texas And Northeastern México, William R. Elliott, Robert W. Mitchell

International Journal of Speleology

The temperature preference responses of five species of troglobite crustaceans were studied in a 15°-30°C gradient. Stygonectes hadenoecus, S. russelli and Asellus reddelli had no discernible temperature preferenda. Speocirolana bolivari had a weak preference for 20-30°C. Cirolanides texensis had a pronounced preference for 20-30°C, temperatures much warmer than that of its habitat. The lack of temperature preferenda in three species agrees with the hypothesis that imprisoned troglobites tend to lose responses to those environmental variables which are constant in caves. S. bolivari may retain its temperature selectivity because of a slow rate of cave-adaptation. It is hypothised that C. …

Aspetti Ecologici Ed Evolutivi Del Popolamento Di Grotte Temperate E Tropicali: Osservazioni Sul Ciclo Biologico Di Alcune Specie Di Ptomaphagus (Coleoptera Catopidae), Valerio Sbordoni, Marina Cobolli-Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

Differences between tropical and temperate cave communities are an important topic in the actual biospeleological thinking. Among the most striking differences is the paucity of terrestrial troglobites in tropical caves. This fact may depend on the higher energy input into tropical caves which lessens the selection pressures for energy-economizing troglobite adaptations. Consequently evolutionary rates would be slowed in tropical caves and, in a date group, troglobites would appear later in such caves than in temperate ones with lower energy input. In order to investigate this point the authors studied the degree of adaptation to the cave environment in two species …

The Evolution Of The Eastern North American Isopods Of The Genus Asellus (Crustacea: Asellidae) Part Ii, Laurence E. Fleming

International Journal of Speleology

This paper is the second in the three part series dealing with the evolution of the North American isopods of the genus Asellus. The generic status of Asellus is discussed with emphasis placed on the newly proposed genera of Henry and Magniez (1968). Use is made of comparative anatomical and where feasible statistical methods during this investigation. The first, shorter portion of the study deals with the presentation of evidence supporting the viewpoint that if "Pseudobaicalasellus” is to be considered a valid genus then it must include the members of the Cannulus Group of Steeves (1965). The …

A New Troglobitic Isopod Of The Genus Lirceus (Asellidae) From Southwestern Virginia, With Notes On Its Ecology And Additional Cave Records For The Genus In The Appalachians, John R. Holsinger, Thomas E. Bowman

International Journal of Speleology

Lirceus usdagalun new species, the first known troglobitic species of the genus, is described from three caves in Lee County, Virginia. The potential taxonomic value of the endopod tip of the male second pleopod, heretofore dismissed as a diagnostic character in this genus, is pointed out. Some general ecological data for the new species are presented, and cave records for other populations of Lirceus spp. from the Appalachians are given.

Some Results On Quasi-Uniform Spaces, Karen Sylvia Carter

Doctoral Dissertations

"An example of a quasi-uniform space which is complete but not strongly complete is constructed. We also give an example to show that a T₁ space does not necessarily have a T₁ strong completion.

The definition of Cauchy filter is discussed. An alternate definition, referred to as C-filter, is considered. A construction of a C-completion is given and it is shown that if a quasi-pseudometric is complete, then the corresponding quasi-uniform structure is C-complete.

Conjugate quasi-uniform spaces are discussed. A theorem relating a transitive base of a quasi-uniform structure to a transitive base of the conjugate structure is …

Hall Effect Measurements Of The Net Ionic Mobility In Nacl, Nabr And Nai, Suman Kumar Hukku

Doctoral Dissertations

"Ac Hall effect measurements of the net ionic mobility, µ_H, in "pure" NaCl, NaBr and Nal were made over their intrinsic temperature ranges extending up to about 250⁰ C below the crystal melting point. A well characterized detector system was employed which provided a mobility sensitivity ≥ 2 x 10^-4 cm² · V^-1 · s^-1. Complementary electrical conductivity, σ, data was also collected. The charge transport was assumed to be due to Schottky defects and both cation and anion contributions were considered. The high temperature anion contribution to mobility was clearly demonstrated by …

Scavenging Of Atmospheric Particles By Water Drops, Ming-Shian Wu

Doctoral Dissertations

"In the first paper, the mechanisms of particle capture and coalescence of aerosols by a moving water drop in the atmosphere are studied using the boundary-layer flow approximation. The particle trajectory is computed by solving the equations of motion of the particle both outside and inside the boundary layer using the Adams-Moulton method. The grazing trajectory is found by a trial-and-error technique. The collision and collection efficiencies of scavenging due to particle inertia and to the velocity gradient of the flow field are then computed for water drops ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mm in radius and for particle of …

Approaches To The Synthesis Of Azabullvalene, Thomas Rudolph Steinheimer

Doctoral Dissertations

"Three approaches to the synthesis of the heretofore unknown azabullvalene, the pi electron equivalent heterocyclic congener of bullvalene itself, are described. Two of the schemes are based upon the assumption that the most convenient method for the introduction of the nitrogen atom is via thermal rearrangement of the appropriate azide.

The first involved the generation of the homobarrelene carbon skeleton and sub sequent decomposition of its azide. This compound arises formally as the product of the Diels-Alder addition of acetylene to the bicyclic valence isomer of tropyl azide (cyclohepta-1, 3, 5- trienyl-7-azide). In order to achieve this goal, Diels-Alder additions …

Paleozoic Stratigraphy As An Ore Control Of Hydrothermal, Base-Metal, Sulfide Deposits In New Mexico, John Samuel Sullivan Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

"Until now the concept or regional stratigraphic control of hydrothermal ore deposits has not received much attention in the literature as a possible exploration guide for locating additional ore bodies. This concept is applied on a regional scale to Paleozoic strata in thirteen mining districts with hydrothermal base-metal deposits in a 35,300 square mile area or southwest New Mexico.

The rocks at the stratigraphic position of the ore-zones are characterized as massive- to thick-bedded with less than 5 percent chert present. The rocks are abundantly to moderately fractured. Fine- to medium-grained dolomite is the dominant host-rock in the lower Paleozoic …

Heavy Metal Analysis Of Stream Sediments In The James River Basin, Missouri, William J. Head

Masters Theses

"A reconnaissance survey of stream sediments using the minus 80 mesh sieve fraction was made at 53 sites throughout the James River basin, Missouri. Sample sites within the 1460 square miles of the basin were chosen at tributary confluences, suspected contamination sources, and known areas of mineralization. Replicates and stream profiles were taken to check for analytical variation and reproducibility of results. Sediment samples were prepared by a hot nitric acid leach method. The sediments were analyzed using an atomic absorption unit to determine Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd trace metal contents.

Values of selected streams within the basin were …

Corals Of The St. Louis Limestone In The Area Of Calhoun County, Illinois And St. Louis County, Missouri, William Earl Collins

Masters Theses

"The St. Louis Limestone and its equivalent formations crop out from Alaska south to Sonora and from Arizona east to Virginia. The St. Louis, in most cases, is fossiliferous and contains numerous species of foraminifers, echinoderms, bryozoans, molluscans, brachipods, arthropods and coelenterates. Algal mounds and mats are common. The rugose coral fauna of the Middle Mississippian (Meramecian) St. Louis Limestone of southern Calhoun County, Illinois and northern St. Louis County, Missouri was studied to determine first what corals were present and second the validity of the names assigned to the previously described species. It was found that the binomen for …

The Design And Calibration Of A Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, Donald Dwight Hoffman

Masters Theses

"The design and calibration of a vibrating sample magnetometer is described. The sample motion was in the direction of the external magnetic field which was produced by a superconducting solenoid. The maximum external magnetic field was 70 kilogauss. Sample temperature could be varied from 77°K to 1000°K with a vacuum jacketed furnace. The maximum temperature was obtained with approximately 27 watts. The instrument was calibrated to 1% with a spherical nickel sample"--Abstract, page ii.