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Effect Of Nitrite And Nitrate On The Larval Development Of The Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes Pugio Holthuis, Carl Bingham Hinesman

OES Theses and Dissertations

The effects of nitrite and nitrate on survival and larval development of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio were investigated in the laboratory. Nitrite concentrations assayed were 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 10, 25 and 50 mg NO₂/1. Nitrate concentrations tested were 0 (control), 100, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg NO₃/1. Temperature and salinity conditions were 25 C and 25 ‰, respectively, and all tests occurred in the dark. Thirty-six larvae were reared in each assay, twelve from each of three adult females.

Nitrite levels of'5 and 50 mg NO₂/1 significantly reduced survival of larvae …

A Baseline Study On The Possible Mechanisms Of Larval Stomatopod Distribution On The Carolina Shelf, Carl Robert Berman Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The South Carolina Marine Resources Institute provided the author with 198 station samples containing 2,193 stomatopod larvae. These larvae had been collected during ichthyoplankton Bongo tows on five separate cruises aboard the Institute's vessel R/V DOLPHIN (February, 1972 to January, 1975). The larvae were examined microscopically and divided into early, middle, and late stages according to known growth criteria. The larval distribution was plotted geographically, by seasons, and larval density (larvae/m3) was graphed against distance offshore. Using these data, together with the circulation characteristics on the Carolina Shelf, significant distributional data appeared which supported the hypothesis that the stomatopod population …

Temperature And Salinity Tolerance Of The Larvae Of The Sand Shrimp, Crangon Septemspinosa (Say), Karen Lyttle Hinsman

OES Theses and Dissertations

The effects of temperature and salinity on the larval development of the sand shrimp, Crangon septemspinosa, were investigated in the laboratory using 30 combinations of temperature and salinity in a five by six factorial experiment. The five temperatures were 5°c, 10°c, 15°c, 20°c, and 25°c and the six salinities were 10°/oo, 15°/oo, 20°/oo, 25°/oo, 30°/oo and 35°/oo. Thirty-six larvae were used for each temperature-salinity combination. Temperature and salinity produced significant differences (1% level) in survival and the duration of larval development. Highest survival occurred at 15°c and 20°/oo. At optimum temperatures (15°c to 20°c) larvae exhibited the broadest tolerance …

Comments On The Pine Vole In Orchards And Its Control, J. G. Barrat

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

There are many present orchard problems, most of them seasonal in nature, but few cause the serious losses that extensive vole injury does. Voles do their damage by feeding on the bark of the roots and at the crown of the trunk causing partial or complete girdling which weakens or kills the tree. Vole damage is feared because it means the loss of a tree or a group of trees as a maximum producing unit which takes several years to replace. Partially girdled trees may survive for years with low production. The lack of mouse control is often blamed on …

Pine Vole Control Research In Virginia, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A number of anticoagulant baits were found to be effective for the control of pine voles in apple orchards. The more toxic and acute the anticoagulant bait, the more effective the compounds appeared to be in field trials. A single 10 lb/A application of ICI 581, LM 637, and CPN gave excellent control in 1976 trials. Apple baits of ICI 581 and RH 787 also performed very well as a single 10 lb or 5 lb application per acre, respectively. Endrin applied to an orchard with a history of 10 years or more of annual applications did not control the …

Survival Rates Of Pine Voles In North Carolina Orchards, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

There are a number of definitions of control of a pest. One of the competing definitions, and probably the most common even if not accepted in advanced circles, is to kill off the pest. Translated, this says: to increase the mortality rate, preferably to an extreme degree. I am going to talk here about survival rates. A survival rate is just the complement of the mortality rate - if survival is 80 percent, then mortality is 20 percent. It happens to be more generally useful in studying populations to deal with survival rates, so I hope I may be excused …

Registration Of Pesticides By Epa Section 3, Daniel B. Peacock

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Section 3 Regulations of FIFRA, published July 3, 1975 (40FR28267), require the submission of chemistry, toxicology, and efficacy data for registration. The EPA uses these data to determine if a product, when used according to label directions, is effective for the purpose claimed without causing unreasonable effects on man or the environment. Described below are the basic types of data required.

Epa Registration Requirements For Orchard Rodenticides And The Manufacturer's Development Conslderations, D. L. Peardon

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Data requirements for the registration of pesticides in the United States, and other countries, have been increasing steadily over the past 25 years. Requirements have increased fastest during the past 5 years.

The Role Of The Fish And Wildlife Service Research In Solving The Eastern Pine Vole/Orchard Problem, Richard N. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Many orchardists, nurserymen and Christmas tree grcwers, State extension agents, and a few Fish and Wildlife Service people are aware of the economic problems that pine voles (microtus pinetorum) cause to orchards in the Appalachian Regions of the United States. This is expected for these people have had to deal first hand with economic losses caused by these small mammals. What is unusual and somewhat discouraging is that this problem was identified over forty years ago and that we really know little more about this animal now than we did then.

A Matter Of Survival, S. Pitchon

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Session V of the program calls for "Chemical Industry Positions on Economics of Rodenticides". I will attempt to describe some of the problems that industry faces in registering pesticides and how they affect the cost and delay registration.

Some Pine Vole Movement Patterns In Several Apple Orchards In Henderson County, North Carolina, William T. Sullivan

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In controlling pine voles in orchards a question often comes up about the distance the voles will move from outside into an orchard where the resident animals have been removed by a control program. There are several possible ways to study this, but at present the closest we can come to an answer is to see how far animals move in live-trapping studies. Naturalists have raised many questions about how to interpret these observations of trapped animals. For example, maybe movements are farther or more frequent into areas which have no resident animals or perhaps the animals that move in …

Pine Voles (Pitymys Pinetorum) And Orchard Damage Research: An Overview Of The N.Y. Coop Wildlife Research Program In Animal Damage, Milo Richmond, Robert Stehn, Mary Dunlay

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

We began our research effort in 1968 with a project aimed at determining the efficacy of endrin treatment for pine vole control. Grower concerns and a small amount of laboratory data indicated that endrin was no longer as reliable in controlling pine voles as it was in the early sixties. Our initial efforts were twofold. We sought first to determine the existing efficacy of endrin and secondly to evaluate any resistance by pine voles to this chemical control procedure. Unfortunately, this entire endrin research effort was dropped by the Cooperative Research Unit when endrin as well as other persistent chlorinated …

Control Of Microtus In Two Damage Situations, Andrew Radvanyi

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In Canada the potential exists of over a million dollars girdling damage loss per year caused by small mammals to fruit trees in each of the four major orchard areas of British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia. Such annual losses continue to occur despite the existence of methods developed which could largely eliminate a large percentage of such losses at a fraction of the costs currently being spent on attempts to control small mammal populations (primarily meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) in orchard situations. In this paper I propose to outline briefly the developmental studies conducted by the …

"Mouse-Ateria" - A Bait Station For Rodents, Bruce Porterfield, Henry J. Eavis

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In 1918 the first device of this kind was designed near Winchester, Virginia. In 1973 we introduced a high strength Styrene plastic version of it, copied from the hand-blown glass model.

Remarks To Be Presented At The First Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Merle H. Markley

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A Rebuttable Presumption Against Reregistration has been issued against endrin. It is my own opinion that: First endrin should be critically examined, use by use, with respect to effectiveness and alleged hazard to non-target animals, be they pets, domestic stock or wildlife; and secondly, that a careful and complete review be made of all economic benefits against the hazards identified in the earlier review. The notice which appeared in the Federal Register emphasized the occasional harmful aspects of use and failed to give much or any credence to benefits. Certainly there must be some value to the grower and financial …

Water Current, Volume 9, No. 2, March/April 1977

Water Current Newsletter

NWRC Research Overview
Exon Creates Drought Task Force
Kremer Suggest Comprehensive Water Code
Department of Interior Appointees
Review of Water Resources Projects Initiated
OWRT Urges Restoration of Water Science Money
Northern Plains Groundwater Tests Encouraging
Automation Helps Water Chemists Keep Up with New Pollutants
Research Review: Herbicide Transport in Soil Under Center Pivot Irrigation Systems

Apical Closure Induction Using Bone Growth Factors And Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Kenneth W. Tittle

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study compared the ability of three different bone growth factor combinations with that of Ca(OH)₂ to stimulate apical closure as well as the effectiveness of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an apical barrier. Fifty-six roots of second and fourth mandibular premolars of seven six- month old beagle dogs were used. Periradicular lesions were created over a four week period. The canals were cleaned and shaped and filled with Ca(OH)₂ for one week. They were then irrigated and received one of seven different treatments in a balanced design. Growth factors were placed in a carboxymethylcellulose carrier and delivered …

Certain Edaphic And Biotic Factors Affecting Vegetation In The Shadscale Community Of The Kaiparowits Area, Vane Orlan Campbell

Theses and Dissertations

A study area on the southern extensions of the Great Basin cold desert (Kaiparowits Basin, Utah) was selected which has had varying amounts of disturbance. Areas with similar slope and exposure in the Shadscale community were sampled. At each site, soil samples were collected and percent sand, percent clay, percent silt, soluble salts, and hydrogen ion concentrations were measured. Cluster analysis based on percent frequency of the perennial species showed that eight groups or sub-communities were definable within the area sampled. Patterns within the vegetation were shown to be independent with the use of cluster analysis. Discriminant analysis on soil …

Natural Areas Preservation In Arkansas, Mina Austin Marsh

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

U.S.D.A.- Forest Service Environmental Statement: Salt Lake Planning Unit Proposed Land Management Plan, U.S. Department Of Agriculture

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Ecosym-Regolith Classification, Jerome V. Degraff, Robert Q. Oaks, Jan A. Henderson

Progress reports

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report No 28 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1974-1975, G. R. Morgan, E H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The fishery for the western rock lobster Panultrus eygnus is one of the most important single fisheries in Australia and an important export earner for the State. The fishery is governed by a complex set of regulations which have been reviewed by Bowen (1971) and which are designed to limit the total effort to acceptable levels and to enforce a legal minimum size. It is thus important to constantly monitor the state of the fishery both to ensure that the effort is remaining within the accepted limits and that the regulations are adequately performing their function of maintaining reasonably stable …

Hydrology And Water Quality In The Central Kentucky Karst: Phase 1, James F. Quinlan, Donald R. Rowe

KWRRI Research Reports

Study of springs and cave streams has shown that heavy metal-rich effluent from a wastewater treatment plant can be traced to Hidden River Cave (beneath the city of Horse Cave) and thence 4 to 5 miles north to a group of 39 springs at 14 locations along a 5-mile reach of Green River. Nickel, chromium, copper and zinc in these effluent-bearing springs are in concentrations of as much as 30 times greater than other springs upstream and downstream from this reach, 20 times greater than the Green River, and 60 times greater than in shallow domestic wells between Horse Cave …

Grindstone Flat And Big Flat Exclosures - A 41-Year Record Of Changes In Clearcut Aspen Communities, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Deer browsing prevented aspen regeneration in both uncut stands and small 1/20-hectare clearcuts, even though nearby large burns regenerated successfully. Size of the clearcut or burned area may be critical in determining success of aspen regeneration; areas less than about 2 hectares in size may adversely concentrate deer use. Shrub production was less under deer use and forb production was less under cattle use than on protected areas. More apsen suckers were produced in uncut stands where cattle grazed than in stands protected from grazing, suggesting a possible relationship between sucker initiation and reduced competition from the herbaceous understory. Removal …

Fisheries Report No 20 - Trawl Caught Fish And Crustaceans From Cockburn Sound, J. W. Penn

Fisheries Research Reports

Cockburn Sound is one of the few sheltered embayments near the Perth metropolitan area and as such has been subjected to increasing usage by both the general public and industry. Historically the Sound has been a major commercial fishing area from which much of the fresh fish for the metropolitan area has been caught. More recently, as well as providing a significant commercial catch, a major sport fishery has developed in the area.

The first commercial trawling operations in Cockburn Sound were undertaken in the early part of this century when horses were used to tow small nets on the …

Teacher's Guide Planning A 6th Grade Outdoor Education Program For Your School, William Arnold Muench

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report No 31 - Pecten Scallop Survey On Southern Geographe Bay, September 1976, D. I. Heald

Fisheries Research Reports

Reports of Pecten scallops in Geographe Bay in late 1975 were followed up by a preliminary stock survey in February 1976 using 1.22 m dredges and by a more extensive survey in September 1976 using 1.22 m and 2.25 m scallop dredges and a 0.5 m* Baird grab. Two very limited concentrations of scallops were located adjacent to rough ground. The best dredge catch rates were equivalent to 44 kg per hour per standard haul and the maximum grab catch was equivalent to a density of six scallops per square metre. The extremely rough terrain resulted in considerable damage to …

Fisheries Report No 27 - A Survey Of Recreational Usage Of South Coastal Estuaries Of Western Australia, N. Caputi, R C.J. Lenanton

Fisheries Research Reports

Over recent years, factors such as the State's population increase, a generally higher standard of living which enables people to have more leisure time, and better roads, particularly from the Eastern States of Australia, have all contributed towards an increase in the general recreational usage of the Western Australian south coast estuaries.

To aid proper planning of facilities to cater for an increasing number of visitors in these south coast estuaries, management agencies must be able to quantify the recreational usage in this group of estuaries.

This survey, therefore, attempts to identify and quantify the different recreational pursuits of visitors …

Fisheries Report No 24 - The Status Of The Salt-Water Crocodile In Some River Systems Of The North-West Kimberley, Western Australia, H. Messel, A. A. Burbidge, A. G. Wells, W. J. Green

Fisheries Research Reports

Counts were made of Salt-water Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the estuarine portions of four river systems in the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia - the Lawley, Mitchell, Roe-Hunter and Prince Regent. During the ten day survey 463 crocodiles were spotted, including 109 hatchlings. The maximum number of non-hatchling crocodiles present tin the four systems is estimated at 697. Very few large crocodiles were seen.

Populations were particularly small in the Lawley and Mitchell Rivers and the potential for recovery in this area is also small. Prospects for recovery in the Roe-Hunter and Prince Regent were a little better but further surveys …

Fisheries Report No 29 - The Predation Of Pot - Caught Western Rock Lobster (Panulirus Longpipes Cygnus) By Octopus, L M. Joll

Fisheries Research Reports

The losses to the western rock lobster fishery through the predation of pot-caught rock lobsters by octopus were estimated from samples taken on commercial boats in the four seasons 1972/73 - 1975/76. In most seasons approximately 200 000 legal-sized rock lobsters were lost. In the 1975/76 season the estimated financial loss from octopus predation was $392 000. The estimated losses probably represent minimum values. Studies of the biology and behaviour of octopus were carried out to examine the methods of detection, location and entry into rock lobster pots by octopus. The use of octopus traps in rock lobster pots significantly …