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Behavioural And Physiological Problems Associated With The Development Of Curb, Rufus J. Stone

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

CURB is a harmless chemical repellent formulated and prepared to control avian and mammalian behavior which may result in losses of cultivated crops at all stages of growth, of food in storage, and also in behavior which may endanger health (e.g. dogs fouling) or life (e.g. birds on runways at airports). It is a fine powder, which may be wet- table for spraying when mixed with water; or it may be prepared for dry application. It is synergised aluminum ammonium sulfate. Its LD50 is greater than 5 gr/kg; it has passed the U.S.A. and French skin and eye mucosa tests …

Cardiac And Operant Behavior Response Of Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris) To Distress And Alarm Sounds, R. Daniel Thompson, Brad E. Johns, C. Val Grant

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

A variety of auditory stimuli have been used for many years as a means of repelling nuisance birds from problem areas (Boudreau, 1968; Bremond et al., 1968; Frings and Jumber, 1954; Langowski et al., 1969; Nelson and Seubert 1966; Pearson and Corner, 1967; Thompson et al., 1966, 1968a, b). This approach to alleviating bird problems is ap- pealing because wild birds are considered very sensitive to sound stimuli of biological origin, and such stimuli are harmless to both target and nontarget species. The harmless aspect is an important advantage in dealing with wildlife related problems because of the increased public …

Avian Hosts Of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus , Robert G. Mclean, Thomas W. Scott

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus normally infects birds and is transmitted between birds by mosquito vectors. Thus it is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus). SLE virus is found throughout the Americas, and human disease has been reported from the nor- thern part of the hemisphere. Human epidemics have been reported only from northern Mexico (Gonzalez Cortes, et al. 1975), the United States, and southern Canada (CDC 1977). Other viruses closely related to SLE (dengue, yellow fever, and Rocio viruses) cause epidemics in Central and South America. In the United States, SLE is the most important mosquito-borne disease of humans in terms …

Food Preferences And Damage Levels Of Some Avian Rice Field Pests In Malaysia, Michael L. Avery

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

As in many other countries throughout the world, rice is a staple food item in Malaysia. Through the development of improved varieties, irrigation systems, and agronomic practices, rice production there has increased substantially in recent years and the country is now 80-85% self-sufficient in rice. The main limitation to obtaining full self-sufficiency is the lack of additional land area suitable for raising two rice crops annually (Samy 1977). Another factor limiting production is rice crop pests, particularly rats and insects. Birds also are generally acknowledged as pests in rice fieids of this region (FAO 1973, De Grazio 1978), but in …

Diets Of The Red-Billed Quelea (Quelea Quelea) In The Awash River Basin Of Ethiopia, W. A. Erickson

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

An understanding of the feeding ecology of the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) is necessary for a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact of this species on cereals development. Queleas are reported to subsist primarily on wild Gramineae (Ward 1965a; Gaston 1976), but their mobility and tendency to feed in large aggregations readily adapts them to becoming a major cereal crop pest (Dyer & Ward 1977). Currently, conflicting evidence exists as to the factors involved in attacks on cereals and the relationship of depredation to the availability of wild foods. In Nigeria, Ward’s (1965a) findings indicated queleas prefer small wild grass …

Attitudes Of Canadians Toward The Control Of Red-Winged Blackbirds, Robert G. Clark, Rodger D. Titman, J. Roger Bider

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Each year across Canada, millions of dollars of damage to agricultural crops can be attributed to vertebrate pests. Estimates for 1975 indicated that approximately $240,000,000 damage was incurred by agricultural pests (Solman et al. 1975). Worldwide impact of these pests must certainly be staggering, especially during the current trend of rising production costs and demand for food. In Canada and the United States, pest control programs may be attacked by increaseingly active and vocal environmental groups. Recently, the killing of blackbirds (Icteridae) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in Kentucky and Tennessee evoked strong objection (Graham 1976, 1978; Jackson 1976). As a …

An Evaluation Of 4-Aminopyridine For Dispersing Winter Blackbird Roosts In Colorado, John L. Cummings

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Blackbirds and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) often establish large winter roosts in areas where their presence is objectionable because of economic, public health, and nuisance reasons. Several techniques are available for alleviating roost problems, including habitat manipulation, roost dispersal with mechanical and pyrotechnic devices (Mott et al 1978), and, where necessary, direct population reduction (DeGrazio 1964). These techniques, however, have limitations due to weather, roost accessibility, logistics, and adverse public reaction. In the past, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) has been used effectively as a bird-frightening agent in agricultural crops (Besser 1976), but until now has not been adequately tested for its effectiveness as …

Effects Of The Roost Site On The Energetics Of Blackbirds And Starlings, Sheldon Lustick, Michael Kelty

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

To augment their physiological and physical thermoregulatory capacity, many birds display long-term behavioral adjustments; the significance of this has been considered, yet detailed information is lacking (Dawson and Hudson 1970; Calder and King 1974). One such behavioral adjustment appears to be communal roosting in sheltered areas during winter nights. This behavior has been demonstrated in nuthatches (Sitta spp.) (Knorr 1957), finches (Leucosticte spp.) (French 1959; King and Wales 1964), eastern bluebirds (Siala sialis) (Frazier and Nolan 1959), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoniceus), brown headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), bronzed grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) (Francis 1976), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (Francis 1976; Yom-Tov et …

An Experimental Design For Investigating Winter Bird Depredation At South Texas Feedlots, R. E. Williams

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Large aggregations of birds concentrating around livestock feedyards during fall and winter months have been a common occurrence in many parts of the country (Besser et al. 1968; Dolbeer et al. 1978; Levingston 1967; Palmer 1976; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1976). Extensive utilization of livestock feedyards by these flocking birds has been reported to result in economic losses to the feedyard operator due to feed consumption. In Colorado, seasonal feed losses to starlings obtaining 50% of their daily food at feedlots were calculated to be $84 per 1,000 birds; seasonal losses to red-winged blackbirds (Ageliaus phoeniceus) obtaining 10% of …

Primary And Secondary Losses In Corn Following Simulated Bird Damage, Paul P. Woronecki, Robert H. Stehn, Richard A. Dolbeer

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

Blackbird (Icteridae) damage to maturing corn (Zea mays) in the milk and dough stages has long been considered a severe problem in localized areas of the United States (Stone et al. 1972). Most estimates of primary loss to corn yields are based on visual or measured surface area estimates of damage to individual ears (Linehan 1967; De Grazio et al. 1969; DeHaven 1974; Granett et al. 1974). These estimates of loss ignore any compensating growth in the undamaged kernels and secondary losses from insects and disease that may have occurred following damage. Numerous studies of fruit, small grain, and hay …

Clinic On Pigeon Control, Jim Steckel, Stu Amrine, Mike Pompili

Bird Control Seminars Proceedings

In this open discussion session, led by Jim Steckel, a variety of topics and problems of particular interest to PCOs are touched upon. A tape was made during the program, then a transcript prepared. The following edited text follows the flow of questions and comments through the session.

Nonenzymatic Glucosylation Of Rat Albumin: Studies In Vitro And In Vivo, James F. Day, Robert W. Thornburg, Suzanne R. Thorpe, John W. Baynes

Faculty Publications

Incubation of rat serum with D-glucose in vitro resulted in nonenzymatic glucosylation of serum proteins. Analysis of freshly isolated rat albumin by ion exchange chromatography indicated that the glucosylated albumin accounts for 6.7.+-. 0.9% of total albumin in normal rat serum. Glucosylation of rat albumin in vitro was 1st order with respect to glucose and albumin concentrations and occurs primarily (> 90%) at intrachain lysine residues. Kinetic analysis and inhibition of glucosylation by aspirin suggest that 1 reactive lysine residue is the primary site of glucosylation. Less than 5% of the radioactivity from glucosyl-albumin was released as glucose or mannose …

The Probe, Issue 2 - October 1979

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:

WHEN IS A PELT NOT WORTH TAKING?
NEWS FROM DISNEY WORLD, D.C.
NADCA TAKES A STAND AT "SCOPE" HEARINGS
THERE'S A NEW KOOK ON THE BLOCK
ADC LOSES ANOTHER SHELL GAME
NADCA MEMBERSHIP IS A PRIZE
TRAP TIPS
Vice-President Homer S. Ford
Region I Director - Willard E. Nelson
Region II Director - Clyde R Madsen
Region III Director - Wesley R. Jones
Region IV Director - John C. Jones
Region V Director - Howard A. Merrill
Bird related topics

Rare, Threatened And Endangered Vascular Plants In Oregon: An Interim Report, Jean L. Siddall, Kenton L. Chambers, David H. Wagner

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

This report on rare, threatened and endangered vascular plants in Oregon is a basic document in the process of inventorying the state's natural areas * Prerequisite to the orderly establishment of natural preserves for research and conservation in Oregon are (1) a classification of the ecological types, and (2) a listing of the special organisms, which should be represented in a comprehensive system of designated natural areas. The necessary ecological classification was published in the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station document, "Research Natural Area Needs in the Pacific Northwest," by Dyrness et al. (1975). This …

State Of The Fisheries Report 1978, Department Of Fisheries And Wildlife, Western Australia

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Western Australia has maintained its position as the top fishing State. The catch in Western Australia of fish, crustaceans, and molluscs in 1977-78 was worth $76 million to the fishermen, which is 36 per cent of the total value for Australia.

The Probe, Issue 1 - September 1979

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:

GENESIS
first issue of the NADCA Newsletter
USDA TAKES A "STAND"
WHAT IS AN NADCA?
PURPOSES OF NADCA?
WHAT CONTROLS NADCA ACTIONS?
WHO CAN BE A MEMBER OF THE NADCA?
WHO ARE THE OFFICERS?
WHAT TYPES OF MEMBERSHIPS ARE AVAILABLE?
HOW CAN I BECOME A MEMBER?
VACOR DOWN THE TUBE
MEMORIAL: Robert Evans and Gary L. Lambert
President George S. Rost
Secretary/Treasurer William D. Fitzwater

Water, Waste And Quality Management During Preparation And Processing Of Vegetables, W. A. Sistrunk

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The research was designed to test and/or develop new systems of washing, peeling and blanching, develop methods of utilization of solid wastes, and find ways to reduce wastestrength of effluent without affecting quality of vegetables for processing. The highest wastestrength of effluent from vegetable processing in the region was found in plants that were canning Irish potatoes, dry beans and hominy. The high volumes of water used for washing spinach and leafy greens and the physical damage to the washed product is one of the major problems. Repetitive washing of spinach in the same water did not affect quality as …

Mule Deer Habitat Guidelines, Richard M. Kerr

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

The purpose of this Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) Habitat Management Guide is principally to assist BLM managers and biologists in planning for and managing mule deer habitat on public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management. For many years Federal land management agencies have made the distinction between the Federal responsibility for managing habitat and the State prerogatives of managing native wild ungulate populations. Certainly the two are inseparably linked. These responsibilities, and up to now "symbiotic relationships", are probably best described succinctly in Title 43 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 24.

Outlook -- The …

Feeding Morphologies And Distribution Patterns Of Marine Cladocera In The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Sandra Layne Gilchrist

OES Theses and Dissertations

Temporal and spatial distributions of marine cladocera in the lower Chesapeake Bay estuary were observed over a year-long sampling period. The distributions of cladoceran species throughout the Bay were studied in relation to temperature and salinity. A survey of the species over the entire Bay is included to establish distribution patterns of the various species during a short time period.

Theoretical mathematical principles were used to predict feeding abilities of the Bay species. Mouthparts are described qualitatively and quantitatively to infer function. A mandibular index developed by Itoh (1970) was revised and employed in evaluating feeding methods interspecifically and interspecifically. …

"Energy Resources", Harrison Scott Brown

Special Collections: Oregon Public Speakers

With: Salter, C. L. The urban enigma.

Volume 3, Number 6 (June 1979), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Nebraska Lakes, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Protection of the environment requires effective regulatory actions which are based on ssound technical and scientific information. This information must include the quantitative description and linking of pollutant sources, transport mechanisms, interactions, and resulting effects on man and his environment. Because of the complexities involved, assessment of specific pollutants in the environment requires a total systems approach which transcends the media of air, water, and land. The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas contributes to the formation and enhancement of a sound monitoring data base for exposure assessment through programs designed to:

• develop and optimize systems and strategies for monitoring …

Ecotypic Differentiation Of Andropogon Virginicus L. In Relation To Strip Mine Spoil Banks, Valina Kay Hurt

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Reciprocal plantings of populations of broomsedge, taken from an abandoned strip mine and from an abandoned farm plot in south central Kentucky, on strip mine spoil and abandoned field soil resulted in patterns of populations differentiation. Clonal plantings of populations from strip mine habitats and old field development appeared equal in height and biomass when grown on old field soils in both field trials and growth chamber studies. Populations when planted in strip mine soils in field trials and controlled growth experiments. Later flowering in strip mine populations may be a key to survival strategy in the harsh microclimates of …

Cell Mediated Immunity By Cytotoxicity Assay And The Effect Of Corynebacterium Parvum And Radiation On Mice Bearing Herpes-Induced Tumors, Robert B. Stagg

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cell mediated immune (CMI) cytotoxic reactivity of Balb/c mice against H238 cells, a Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2 - induced sarcoma, was measured by the ¹²⁵IUdR release assay. The Balb/c mouse response to the growing HSV-induced tumor, treated with radiation and , was measured by survival rate, tumor growth and immune cytotoxicity of spleen and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) as determined by ¹²⁵IUdR release assay. Subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of 1 x 10⁶ H238 cells (high dose) produced progressive tumor growth while s.c. inoculation of 1 x 10⁴ H238 cells (low dose) produced no tumors. A …

Biology, Reproductive Potential And The Impact Of Fishing Pressure On The Bluegill Fishery Of Pelican Lake, Uintah County, Utah, Bob D. Burdick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Certain aspects of the biology of two species of fish, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and the assessment of fishing pressure upon the sport fishery of Pelican Lake, Uintah County, Utah, a 680 ha warmwater lake, were studied between April 1, 1976 and June 30, 1978. The growth rate of bluegills (sexes combined) was fairly rapid; the mean back-calculated total lengths from ages one through nine were 55, 112, 166, 194, 211, 229, 245, 256 and 259 mm. The growth of largemouth bass was 104, 194, 271, 316, 350, 405 and 416 mm …

Development And Validation Test Of A Mule Deer Habitat Rule, Glenn Gephart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A mathematical description of Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) habitat was developed and subjected to validation testing using correlation and multiple regression statistical techniques. Data were collected on a central Utah study area, which was divided into mountain and desert regions.

Data on deer utilization and several habitat components from 86 study plots visited in 1976 were used to develop a habitat rule. Data from 46 study plots visited in 1977 were used to test the accuracy of the rule. Deer utilization was determined from pellet group counts on 20 0.001 ha pellet plots at each …

Information Transfer And Regulation In A Model Ecosystem With Environmental Stochasticity, M. Mckee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The concept of regulation in ecosystems has been given considerable attention in the ecological literature, but no formal treatment has been offered. This study proposes a rigorous definition of regulation which is derived from the mathematics of information and communication theory. A theoretical, mathematical equivalent of the definition is also offered which implies serious limitations as to the value of most traditional laboratory population studies and deterministic population models in understanding regulation in ecosystems. The empirical validity of this theoretical equivalence is tested through use of a competition model of two diatoms. Other observations concerning the relationship between environmental variability …

Some Effects Of A Grazer, Hyalella Azteca On Ecosystem Level Properties In Aquatic Microcosms, Martin D. Werner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study to determine some ecosystem level effects of an aquatic invertebrate grazer, Hyalella azteca, was performed in aquatic ix microcosms. Impact of the grazer was assessed in three general areas: 1) inorganic nutrient levels of the microcosm water column, 2) productivity and respiration of the biotic community, and 3) plant community composition in the microcosms.

The grazing amphipod caused inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen (except ammonia) levels to be elevated in the microcosms. The increase was due, at least partially, to excretion of nutrients into the water by the amphipod. The presence of H. azteca did not significantly …

Two Basic Methodological Choices In Wildland Vegetation Inventories: Their Consequences And Implications, Donald Alan Shute

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In designing inventories of wildland vegetation, two of the many basic methodological choices are: 1) whether data are collected, reduced, and stored in discrete classes or as continuous variables, and 2) whether data are gathered as general purpose variables to bear upon many questions, or as specific purpose variables optimized for only one type of prediction. The effects of these two choices on accuracy of vegetation inventories to predict plant community production were examined by comparing regression models built upon differing sets of independent variables "inventoried" from a common data base. Contrary to expectations, discrete variables of classified community types …

Interrelationships Between Benthic Macroinvertebrates And Habitat In A Mountain Stream, John M. Payne

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study to determine habitat differences of benthic macroinvertebrates was conducted on the upper Strawberry River, Utah. The investigation was part of a large scale project to determine minimum stream flow requirements for trout. The effects of time, habitat, depth and velocity on the distribution of benthic fauna were evaluated.

Samples of benthic invertebrates (146 total) were collected every 2 months at 8 stations on the river from November, 1975 through August, 1976. Representatives of 59 taxa were collected. Eight taxa comprised 90 percent of the mean annual community standing crop in numbers. Biomass was not dominated by any group …