Digital Commons Network^™

Proceedings Of The Fifth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Gettysburg, Pa, March 4-5, 1981

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Entire symposium.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FIFTH EASTERN PINE AND MEADOW VOLE SYMPOSIUM

The Fifth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Sheraton Inn-Gettysburg, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania March 4 and 5, 1981, for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to the problem of vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was intended to create a problem solving atmosphere in which growers; various governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI; the chemical industry; and university personnel could observe the cur¬rent thrusts of research and extension programs and their potential impact on future …

Experimental Results Of Chlorophacinone Ground Sprays In North Carolina, William T. Sullivan Jr.

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Field experiments with chlorophacinone (CPN) ground sprays seem to be more effective in control of pine voles in North Carolina orchards when the percentage grass cover under tree drip lines is high. Preliminary laboratory results seem to confirm this observation.

Our group has carried out a number of field trials of the efficacy of ground sprays for controlling pine voles in orchards. In reviewing these tests with special reference to inconsistency of results with chlorophacinone (Hayne 1977) an apparent relationship to the amount of grass cover was noted, and laboratory trials were started to test this question.

An Approach To Determine The Economic Threshold Level For Pine Voles, Stephen B. White, Theodore L. Huller

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The effectiveness of orchard management, as in any agricultural system, is judged on the total quantity and quality of the produce and on the financial return per unit of investment. Decisions affecting orchard management are based ultimately on economic factors.

This economic criterion should, therefore, be applied to all orchard pest management decisions—including control of the pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum). The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach we are taking to identify factors useful in estimating the economic threshold which can form the basis for cost-effective management of the pine vole and the meadow vole …

Colonization Of An Abandoned Orchard By Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford, J. Harrison, T. L. Derting

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Habitat selection by pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) has been attributed to cover density (Goertz, 1971; Paul, 1970) soil condition (Benton, 1955; Fisher and Anthony, 1980), and food resources (Noffsinger, 1976; Paul, 1970). Goertz (1971) reported that pine voles were distributed in diverse habitats, but there was a close correlation with height and diversity of grass. Miller and Getz (1969) found populations in sloping upland woods, Benton (1955) in dry woods, and Paul (1970) in hardwood slopes with a close correlation between distribution and amount of ground cover. Soil type has been examined by Benton (1955) and Fisher and …

Effects Of Tastants On Caching, Gnawing, Grooming And Taste Aversions In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) And Meadow Voles (M. Pennsylvanicus), Lynette A. Geyer, Christine Kornet

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Several behaviors of pine and meadow voles were studied, specifically those affecting the role of taste in ingestion. These behaviors include: 1) caching, 2) gnawing, 3) grooming, and 4) taste aversions.

Male pine voles cached more than females, particularly when housed with females. Solitary females more than those housed in mixed sex pairs. When presented with peanuts and pine dowels in one-hour tests, pine voles cached peanuts first; the addition of flavorants did not affect the sequence in which they were cached. In six-hour tests, however, sucrose— and oil-soaked items were cached first.

Gnawing by pine voles, like caching, was …

Comparison Of Sampling Designs For Vole Population Studies, Donna Bruns Stockrahm, Jay Mcaninch, John D. Harder

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In the summer of 1980 we initiated a large-scale vole population study in the lower Hudson Valley of New York and had questions regarding trapping designs and sampling procedures. Would samples reflect populations as they occurred in the orchard or would results merely be artifacts of the trapping design?

Renzulli et a1. (1980) examined how time interval between trapping periods, trap spacing, and grid size affected demographic estimates in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in non-orchard habitats. In other small mammal studies conducted in non-orchard habitats, 2 traps per station are often utilized to avoid the exclusion of animals or …

Water Metabolism In The Pine Vole, Pitymys Pinetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Orchard substrates, in general, provide excellent conditions for pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) growth and reproduction as indicated by the distribution and abundance of pine voles within orchard situations in the eastern United States (Gourley and Richmond, 1972). However, the specific characteristics which are attractive to pine voles and facilitate their proliferation are poorly understood. The basis for selection of any particular habitat component by the pine vole is in large part a function of the vole's physiological requirements, because the physiological needs of the animals must be met by appropriate habitat resources. Thus, information on specific habitat parameters …

Effect Of Photoperiod On Activity Patterns In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Light is an environmental variable which has considerable effect on small mammal activity patterns. This constantly repeating 24 hour signal provides information on a daily basis and has been shown to synchronize all physiological patterns in an animals existence. Laboratory studies have shown that pine voles are slightly nocturnal (Pearson, 1947) or confined their activity to the hours of twilight and darkness (Werner, 1951). Both authors indicate that activity occurs in bouts of about 1 hour duration followed by an hour of rest. Benton (1955) observed from trapping that more activity occurred at night but cautioned that due to the …

Progress And Prospect Of A Bioenergetic Simulation Model Of Pine Vole Populations, John F. Coyle, Kevin C. Jordan, Alan R. Tipton, Roy L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

As reported previously (Coyle and Tipton 1980), we have been engaged in the development of a computerized system which outlines the basic demographic features of a pine vole population. The system, when complete, will hopefully contain four subsystems (biological, spatial, control and economic). This paper will discuss the biological submodel, its development and validity, and prospects for its future.

Meadow And Pine Vole Control I N 1980 Field Plots, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Broadcast treatments of Volak (Brodifacoum), Rozol (Chlorophacinone), ZP Rodent Bait AG, and Ramik-Brown (Diphacinone) gave excellent to good control of voles in decreasing order of effectiveness. A saccharin formulation of Ramik-Brown or doubling the concentration of diphacinone to 0.01% did not result in any additional control over the current formulation. Hand placement of ZP Rodent Bait AG at 1 to 3 lbs/A gave excellent control of voles. Place packs of ZP Rodent Bait AG were not opened at all sites, however, residual activity from apple activity data indicated that this product gave excellent control. Additional field and laboratory evaluations were …

The Probe, Issue 12 - March 1981

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
Oregon Postmortem
School-age children believe the pronghorn antelope, white-tailed deer and elk are in danger of extinction
Discontinue the production of calcium cyanide
I’ll Take My Steak Bloody Rare, Please! by Barry Gray
NADCA
The Animals’ Revenge
Animal damage to coniferous plantations in Oregon and Washington
Snares
Visual scare devices
CEQ Uses Statistics
Bat Repellents
Norton R. Miner, Region III Director
Meetings of Interest
Sally S. Erdman
Memorial: Harvey Edwards

Social Behavior And Activity Patterns Of Meadow Voles In Relation To Seasonal Change And Snow Cover, Ronald J. Brooks, A. Bruce Webster

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Activity and social behavior of free-ranging meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were examined in summer, fall, and winter using capture-recapture and radiotelemetry. The composition of our study population changed from predominantly reproductively-active (RA) voles in summer and fall to entirely non-reproductively-active (NR) voles in winter. RA males had larger activity areas than RA females. Activity areas of RA females did not overlap with those of other RA females, but activity areas of RA males overlapped extensively with those of both RA males and RA females. However, any contact among RA voles was rare, unless females were estrous. NR voles …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 13, Number 1. March 1981

The Prairie Naturalist

EDITOR: Dr. Paul B. Kannowski

BOOK REVIEW EDITOR: Douglas H. Johnson

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WATERFOWL USE OF A MUNICIPAL SEWAGE LAGOON ▪ G-A. D. Maxson

MASS MORTALITY OF MUSSELS FROM SLUMPING ALONG THE RED LAKE RIVER NEAR CROOKSTON, MINNESOTA ▪ A. M. Cvancara, D. J. Brown, D. K. Cudworth, and T. R. Klett

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA — 1980 ▪ R. N. Randall

BREEDING BIRDS ON WATERFOWL PRODUCTION AREAS IN NORTHEASTERN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ H. F. Duebbert

FURTHER EVIDENCE OF MARSH HAWKS FEEDING ON DUCKS ▪ R. A. Wishert, R. M. Kaminski, and D. W. Soprovich

FIRST NEST …

The Probe, Issue 11 - February 1981

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Contents:
Where are the “Protectors” when they’re needed?
NADCA is a non-profit organization
NADCA Membership - February 1981
latest exotic non-lethal coyote control methods for protecting the little woolies from the big bad coyotes are llamas
Anti-trappers
The wild horse and burro Act
When Birdies and Airplanes Mix – Look Out Below
Treatment in a walk-in aviary with brodifacoum [TALON]
William D. Fitzwater

Investigations Of Ryegrass Toxicity., Brian A. Stynes

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

81KA47, 81NA47, 81M047, 81KA48, 81NA45, 81M045, 81KA50, 81NA46, 81M046, To monitor the amount of toxin present in galls from the time of first head emergence until maturation of the ryegrass pastures. To relate the onset and development of toxicity to plant growth stages and climatic conditions in the different regions affected by annual ryegrass toxicity. To relate the level of toxicity to pasture density and to the number of galls present in the pasture. As part of the series of experiments done to monitor the amount of toxin present in pasture at a number of sites throughout the seasons, an …

Forestry For Wildlife Habitat Improvement. Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service Ec 81-1747, Ec 80-1747, Frank A. Hershey, Howard L. Wiegers

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Wildlife cannot exist without food and protective cover. Natural and planted woodlands contribute significantly to these essentials. This circular describes habitat needs of wildlife, recommends forestry practices for habitat improvement, and gives examples of practices to improve habitat for pheasant, quail, and deer.

Variety, rather than uniformity of vegetation, benefits most wildlife species. Management which results in a diverse plant community with many stages of growth can increase the numbers and species of wildlife. Techniques which create improved conditions for woodland wildlife are fundamentally the same as those designed to grow good timber.

Promotion Of Distant-Water Fishing Industry In Taiwan, Dah-Wen Shieh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The growth of distant-water fishing industry in Taiwan has been steady during the period from 1965-1973. However, since 1973, the slow expansion of distant-water fisheries has been reflected in both the production side and the decreasing catch per unit effort. The increasing operation costs and the shrinking fishing grounds are mainly attributable to the limitation of distant-water fishing industry. The small scale of fishing companies with small-sized vessels also resulted in the inefficient operation in this highly competitive business. For Taiwan, distant-water fishing is not only a means of meeting general protein requirements for its population but also an important …

Report No 41 - A Survey Method For Identifying Roadside Flora Suitable For Conservation In Western Australia, John K. Scott

Fisheries Research Reports

A survey method for identifying flora suitable for conservation alongside roads in south-western Australia was derived from an examination of characteristics of road verges. Two roads, from Midland to Toodyay and from Armadale to Bunbury, were examined. Width of verge, weed cover, soil disturbance, vegetation structure, presence of public utilities, evidence of fire and the type of adjoining land were measured at one mile (1.6 km) intervals on both sides of the road. Also recorded were aesthetic qualities such as stands of beautiful trees and sites of special interest, e.g. the presence of rare plants.

Three variables, percentage weed cover, …

Fisheries Report No 48 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1976 - 1977, G. R. Morgan, E H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The fishery for the western rock lobster Panuldinus cygnus is one of the most important single fisheries in Australia and an important export earner for the State. The fishery is governed by a complex set of regulations which have been reviewed by Bowen (1971) and which are designed to limit the total effort to acceptable levels and to enforce a legal minimum size. It is thus important to constantly monitor the state of the fishery both to ensure that the effort is remaining within the accepted limits and that the regulations are adequately performing their function of maintaining reasonably stable …

Fisheries Report No 43 - A Pit Trap Survey Of Small Mammals, Lizards And Frogs On The Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Stephen D. Hopper

Fisheries Research Reports

Ten pitlines were placed in open low woodlands near Moates Lake and in upland and coastal heathlands near Mount Gardner on Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve during February 1980 and February 1981. The trapping program established that Common Dunnarts (Smitnthopsts murina) and Honey Possums (Tarstpes spencerae) were widespread in the reserve, and added three lizards and one frog to the list of vertebrates known to occur on the reserve.

Twenty mammals (15 native and 5 feral), four snakes, fifteen lizards, one tortoise and six frogs are now known on Iwo Peoples Bay Nature Reserve. They constitute a representative sample of …

Scientific Issues And Regulation Of Primate Use, Andrew N. Rowan

Experimentation Collection

Some of the patterns of use of nonhuman primates in the USA and Europe are outlined and a few specific examples of inappropriate and/or unnecessary use are described. The primate research resources program in the USA is examined and some suggestions as to how the program could be made more responsive to humane and conservation concerns are presented.

Regulation Of Biomedical Research, Andrew N. Rowan

Experimentation Collection

The idea of abolishing or simplifying government regulations has a large following in Washington at the moment. As Reagan and his minions start to prune the growth of the past twenty years, we must hope that they are able to distinguish between the healthy growth which provides needed support and the unnecessary growth which strangles necessary initiatives. However, there is one area where we need more regulation rather than less, namely, biomedical research. In calling for more regulation in biomedical research, I do not mean the imposition of outside controls by allegedly ignorant and insensitive bureaucrats (although I think some …

Is Nature Our Birthright?, Nancy Heneson

Ecology Collection

It is of course impossible to escape the notion of self-interest in our relationship with nature. In fact, it is "unnatural," if one understands (and, one is forced to say nowadays, believes in) evolution. However, there is no real justification for either disguising this as stewardship or perverting it into dominionism. Every organism has an impact on the environment, and it is not only idealistic but biologically nonsensical to argue that we should leave everything alone. However, when decisions on policy are made which direct the future use of land, plants and animals, at least let the rationale not be …

History Of Animal Experimentation Control In The U.K., Judith E. Hampson

Laws and Legislation Collection

The legislative control of the use of animals in experiments in the UK lies in the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876. Animal Welfare groups and individuals in Britain have pressed for reform of this law almost since its inception 105 years ago, and the British government has recently agreed to bring this legislation up to date. Any new or amended legislation could have far-reaching implications, both for laboratory animal welfare and upon the scientific community and is therefore of considerable importance both in this country and overseas. No proper appreciation of the problem would be possible without reference to …

Potential Ecological Impacts Of Snowpack Augmentation In The Uinta Mountains, Utah, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Results of studies on the impacts of late-lying snow on four ecosystems are reported: lodgepole pine; spruce fir forests, subalpine meadow; and alpine herbland.

Mountain Valley Planning Area, Rangeland Program Summary, United States Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) intends to implement an improved rangeland program in the Mountain Valley Planning Area of central Utah. The program will be initiated during a five year period and will be followed by periodic updates. The program's benefits include improved watershed conditions through increased vegetation cover which will consequently reduce erosion. There will be an increase in the amount of rangeland in good condition and a decrease in the amount in poor condition. The rangeland's capacity ot sustain grazing by livestock and big game will also be increased. Wildlife habitat will be maintained or improved throughout …

Selected Biological Characteristics Of Streams In The Southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah And Colorado, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Biological sampling was carried out during 1976-78 in five streams in the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado, in order to provide baseline water-quality data for an area of potential oil-shale development. The biological activity in the streams sampled generally is limited by physical factors more so than by chemical constituents and plant nutrients. Characteristics of streamflow, such as high turbidity, fluctuating water levels, and moderate to high salinity, limit production of flora and fauna biomass.

Wild Ungulate Forage Requirements -- A Review, United States Bureau Of Land Management

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This report discusses the nutritional and intake requirements of the major big game ungulates of North America. Forage intake rates for the various species are detailed, and major factors governing intake rates are discussed. The importance of forage nutritional value as much as quantity is emphasized, and both biotic and abiotic factors influencing forage quality are presented. Methods of forage protection and improvement are briefly defined.

A Feasibility Study Of The Biological Effects Of Fallout On People In Utah, Nevada, And Arizona, United States Department Of Health And Human Services, Bureau Of Radiological Health

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This is the final report of the analysis of the Utah, Nevada, and Arizona Thyroid Feasibility Study. The report is divided into four sections: (1) Introduction and background; (2) Analysis of Linkage Study with the Utah Cancer Registry and Rocky Mountain Cancer Data System; (3) Evaluation of Tracing a Sample of the Original Utah, Nevada, and Arizona Study Groups; and (4) Options for Future Studies.

Trace Metal Pollution In Narragansett Bay: A Case Study Of The Rhode Island Quahog Fishery, Scott W. Horsley

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper was written with two objectives in mind: to provide information relevant to the protection of the quahog fishery and the protection of human health. Both are threatened as hundreds of millions of gallons of industrial effluents and sewage treatment plant discharges enter Narragansett Bay daily. The implications of trace metal pollution with respect to the quahog fishery have received little attention to date. The purpose of this paper is to assemble scientific, legal, and socioeconomic information in a fashion which will direct future research and management attempts in an effective manner.