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Anti-Inflammatory And Antioxidant Effects Of Sea Urchin Spine Extract, Dina Magdy El Gamal

The Undergraduate Research Journal

Diadema savignyi spine extract in an experimental setup using L929 cell line in vitro. The cell metabolic activity of L929 cells is tested through an MTT assay. The sea urchin spine extract is applied to the cells in two concentrations: 100 μg/ml (136% viability) and 200 μg/ml (95% viability). The bioactive components of the sea urchin spine are identified via GC-MS, and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are evaluated using catalase assay (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) tests. Results show that the GC-MS identified bioactive components including the anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant bisabolol oxide and the pro-inflammatory oleic acid. …

Isatin-Pyrimidine Hybrid Derivatives As Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (Inha) Inhibitors Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Amira Khalil, Samy Mohamady, Amgad Albohy, Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz, Abdalrahman Khalifa

Pharmacy

Tuberculosis is a worldwide problem that impose a burden on the economy due to continuous development of resistant strains. The development of new antitubercular drugs is a need and can be achieved through inhibition of druggable targets. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA) is an important enzyme for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. In this study, we report the synthesis of isatin derivatives that could treat TB through inhibition of this enzyme. Compound 4l showed IC50 value (0.6 ± 0.94 µM) similar to isoniazid but is also effective against MDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MIC of 0.48 and …

Targeting Breast Cancer: The Familiar, The Emerging, And The Uncharted Territories, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Arthur Manda, Riya Sidgal, Co Chung

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Breast cancer became the most diagnosed cancer in the world in 2020. Chemotherapy is still the leading clinical strategy in breast cancer treatment, followed by hormone therapy (mostly used in hormone receptor-positive types). However, with our ever-expanding knowledge of signaling pathways in cancer biology, new molecular targets are identified for potential novel molecularly targeted drugs in breast cancer treatment. While this has resulted in the approval of a few molecularly targeted drugs by the FDA (including drugs targeting immune checkpoints), a wide array of signaling pathways seem to be still underexplored. Also, while combinatorial treatments have become common practice in …

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Stewardship For The Treatment Of Urinary Tract Infections After Pharmacist-Led Provider Education At The Center For Family Medicine, Kaylee Ayers, Faith E. Bader, Karly Blaalid, Tominee Sorenson, Sara Smith, Jennifer Ball

Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Student Research Publications and Projects

Purpose: Urinary tract infections are a common outpatient infection, and proper antibiotic treatment is important for better patient outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and reducing bacterial resistance. Specifically at the Center for Family Medicine (CFM), resident physicians may lack experience in prescribing proper antibiotic treatments based on patient factors for UTIs. The purpose of this study is to assess the appropriate use of antibiotics before and after a provider education pertaining to guideline recommended therapy for UTIs. The education included classifications of UTIs, first line and second line antibiotic therapy for acute uncomplicated UTIs, and first line therapy based on renal …

The Structural Characterization And Bioactivity Assessment Of Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein 1 (Nsltp1) From Caraway (Carum Carvi) Seeds, Taibah Aldakhil

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Background: Carum carvi (caraway) of the Apiaceae family has been used in many cultures as a cooking spice and part of the traditional medicine. Previous reports primarily focus on the medicinal properties of caraway seed essential oil and the whole seeds extract. However, no effort has been made to study caraway proteins and their potential pharmacological properties, including nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP), necessitating further research. The current study aimed to characterize nonspecific lipid transfer protein 1 (nsLTP1) from caraway seed, determine its three-dimensional structure, and analyze protein-ligand complex interactions through docking studies. Also, evaluate nsLTP1 in vitro cytotoxic …

Sharksrx Newsletter Summer 2023, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Sharks Rx

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Assessment Of Approvals And Discontinuations Of Systemic Antibiotics And Other Therapeutic Areas, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, John H. Powers Iii

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Since 1980, the US Congress has passed legislation providing several incentives to encourage the development and regulatory approval of new drugs, particularly antibiotics. We assessed long-term trends and characteristics of approvals and discontinuations of all new molecular entities, new therapeutic biologics, and gene and cell therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as reasons for discontinuations by therapeutic class, in the context of laws and regulations implemented over the past four decades. In the period 1980–2021, the FDA approved 1310 new drugs, of which 210 (16.0%) had been discontinued as of 31 December 2021, including …

Novel Natural Compounds Derived From Tcm In The Treatment Of Food Induced Anaphylaxis, Ibrahim Musa

NYMC Student Theses and Dissertations

Food allergy is a highly prevalent disease affecting about 30 million people in the U.S. It is managed primarily by food avoidance due to lack of promising treatment options. ASHMI (anti-asthma herbal intervention) which consists of three components, Sophorae flavescentis, Ganoderma lucidum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis has been shown to inhibit allergic lung inflammation in antigen sensitized and challenged mice. In this study we isolate and identify the active compound in Sophorae flavescentis, characterized the mechanism of IgE inhibitory effect, biomarkers and potential to prevent food anaphylaxis.

To separate and identify the compounds we used column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass …

Exploring The Potential Of Nanotechnology In Pediatric Healthcare: Advances, Challenges, And Future Directions., Hossein Omidian, Kwadwo Mfoafo

HPD Articles

The utilization of nanotechnology has brought about notable advancements in the field of pediatric medicine, providing novel approaches for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and tissue engineering. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, resulting in improved drug effectiveness and decreased toxicity. Numerous nanosystems, including nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and nanotubes, have been explored for their therapeutic potential in addressing pediatric diseases such as HIV, leukemia, and neuroblastoma. Nanotechnology has also shown promise in enhancing disease diagnosis accuracy, drug availability, and overcoming the blood-brain barrier obstacle in treating medulloblastoma. It is important to acknowledge that while nanotechnology offers significant opportunities, there …

Johnson & Johnson Strategic Audit, Hannah Headley, Lucy Peterkin, Ryan Nyffeler, Joshua Wiemers, Bailey Birkholtz

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Johnson & Johnson (J&J) is a healthcare company that generates economic value from its three core business segments: Consumer Health, Pharmaceuticals, and Medical Devices. Recent innovations include new pharmaceutical products, remote clinical trials, automated patient recruitment, improved scientific and digital literacy amongst employees, and innovative digitized models for supply chain planning. J&J has a competitive edge in R&D efficiency, with a 4.35 return on research capital ratio. Sociocultural, technological, and economic factors will play a large role in changing the pharmaceutical industry environment, and J&J is well positioned to benefit from sources of growth such as the increase in aging …

An Analysis Of Trends Of Generic Drugs And Biologic Prices In The U.S., Mohammed Jamjoom

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

Introduction: Drug prices are a significant problem for the US healthcare system. Generic and biosimilar market competition reduces drug and biologic prices, results in substantial savings, and improves patient access and outcomes. As the costs of healthcare and prescription drugs continue to rise, the discussion about drug prices has taken a prominent place at the forefront of national discourse. This study assessed impacting trends in prices of generic, biosimilar, and reference products in the US. We also evaluated the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 on biologic prices.

Methods: We extracted a list of the new generic …

Implementing Auc Monitoring In A Pharmacist-Managed Vancomycin Dosing Protocol: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Brandon L S Robinson, Blake Bennie, Mahmoud Nasiri, Kieu Nguyen, Reba Forbess, Mallory Gessner-Wharton, Cassie Robertson

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Consensus guidelines on the therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin published in 2020 recognize that using the calculated area-under-the-curve (AUC) to guide dosing maximizes clinical efficacy and minimizes risk when compared to traditional trough-based dosing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AUC monitoring results in reduced acute kidney injury (AKI) rates in adult patients receiving vancomycin for all indications.

Methods

In this study, patients 18 years or older who received pharmacist-managed vancomycin therapy were selected using pharmacy surveillance software from 2 timeframes. Patients were excluded if they received less than 48 hours of therapy or had unstable …

Clinical Impact Of Oral Step-Down Therapy For Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Retrospective Study, Nhi Nguyen, Ashitha Jayachandran, Minhhang Mui, Kelsey Olson

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence that supports oral step-down therapy for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for hospitalized patients who received intravenous-only (IV-only) therapy versus oral step-down therapy with low, moderate, and highly bioavailable antimicrobials for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we examined data from adult patients hospitalized with gram-negative bacteremia in a 1-year period. Data analysis was performed using information collected from electronic medical records and a clinical surveillance system.

Results

A total of 199 patients …

Implementation Of Clinical Pharmacy Surveillance Technology And A Pharmacy Practice Model Re-Design Across A Multi-State Health System, Elizabeth H. Wiggins, Joan Kramer, L. Hayley Burgess, Carley Warren

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Outcomes-directed pharmacy models are necessary to further comprehensive, patient-centric clinical care. This report describes the implementation of clinical surveillance technology and the development of clinical pharmacy metrics to measure outcomes that support return on investment. The overall goal of clinical surveillance technology implementation in this quality improvement project was to extend the pharmacists’ reach and to improve patient safety and clinical outcomes with greater operational efficiencies.

Methods

In 2013, a clinical pharmacy surveillance tool was piloted and expanded over the next 2 years to 154 hospitals across the health system. Over the next 6 years, the number of hospitals …

Best Practice Proposal To Enhance Application Of The Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (Saar), Jill Butterfield-Cowper

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

A core element of hospital antibiotic stewardship programs is the tracking of outcomes. It is recommended that hospitals do this by reporting to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Antimicrobial Use (AU) Option. With this, hospitals can access the Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) for various antibiotic groupings and locations. While there are benefits to the SAAR, several limitations reduce the interpretation and utility of SAAR values. In particular, the SAAR cannot inform users of antimicrobial appropriateness. This article describes an antimicrobial days of therapy (DOT) report that was developed by a tele-stewardship infectious diseases pharmacist. This article proposes that …

Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion In The Profession Of Pharmacy: The Perspective Of Three Pharmacy Leaders, Aigner George, Keith Teelucksingh, Kara Fortune

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is a growing force within all industries, with healthcare being no exception. The 2020 sociopolitical landscape made DEI a priority for the majority of organizations. The structural element of DEI education in pharmacy is comprised of academia, professional organizations, and healthcare systems and companies. To address inequities that stand before students, professional pharmacy organizations must have a voice that sets an inclusive tone. This article provides background into DEI in the pharmacy profession and provides the unique perspectives of 3 pharmacy leaders.

The Global Fatty Liver Disease-Sustainable Development Goal Country Score For 195 Countries And Territories, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Hannah Han, Henry E. Mark, Saleh A. Schattenberg, Jörn M. J., Ismaeel Yunusa Ph. D., Et Al.

Faculty Publications

Background & Aims:

Fatty liver disease is highly prevalent, resulting in overarching wellbeing and economic costs. Addressing it requires comprehensive and coordinated multisectoral action. We developed a fatty liver disease-Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) country score to provide insights into country-level preparedness to address fatty liver disease through a whole-of-society lens.

Approach & Results:

We developed two fatty liver disease-SDG score sets. The first included six indicators (child wasting, child overweight, non-communicable disease [NCD] mortality, universal health coverage service coverage index, health worker density, and education attainment), covering 195 countries between 1990-2017. The second included the aforementioned indicators plus an urban …

Lessons From Canada’S Notice Of Compliance With Conditions Policy For The Life-Cycle Regulation Of Drugs, Melanie Mcphail, Howard Zhang, Zohra Bhimani, Tania M. Bubela

Office of the Provost

Innovative health technologies are not well regulated under current pathways, leading regulators to adopt contextual, life-cycle regulatory models, which authorize drugs based on earlier clinical evidence subject to the conduct of post-market trials that confirm clinical benefit and safety. In this paper, we evaluate all drugs authorized in Canada under the Notice of Compliance with conditions (NOC/c) policy from 1998 to 2021 to analyze its function, identify challenges and areas for improvement, and make recommendations to inform Health Canada's regulatory reforms. We analyzed a sample of 148 drugs authorized between 1998 and 2021, including characteristics about the pre- and post-market …

Intensive Care Unit Mortality And Length Of Stay Among Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis Treated With Corticosteroids: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Eric E. Chinaeke, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D., Bryan L. Love Pharm. D., Joseph Magagnoli, Claiborne E. Reeder

Faculty Publications

Objectives: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients worldwide, and corticosteroids are commonly used to treat it. However, the evidence supporting the use of corticosteroids in sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is of low certainty, with conflicting results reported in previous studies. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential association between corticosteroid treatment and various outcomes, including 30-day ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation use, new onset of infection, and hyperglycemia in patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the ICU.

Materials and Methods: We conducted …

Development, Optimization, And In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation Of Azelaic Acid Transethosomal Gel For Antidermatophyte Activity, Ali Nasr, Noha Badawi, Yasmine Tartor, Nader Sobhy, Ali Nasr

Pharmacy

Treatment of dermatophytosis is quite challenging. This work aims to investigate the antidermatophyte action of Azelaic acid (AzA) and evaluate its efficacy upon entrapment into transethosomes (TEs) and incorporation into a gel to enhance its application. Optimization of formulation variables of TEs was carried out after preparation using the thin film hydration technique. The antidermatophyte activity of AzA-TEs was first evaluated in vitro. In addition, two guinea pig infection models with Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes and Microsporum (M.) canis were established for the in vivo assessment. The optimized formula showed a mean particle size of 219.8 ± 4.7 nm and a …

Personalizing Prevention: Advances In Pharmacotherapy For Hiv Prevention., Marisa Brizzi, Elizabeth Sherman, Sarah B. Green, Diana N. Nowicki, Emily N. Drwiega, Melanie R. Nicol, Daniel B. Chastain, Eric G. Sahloff, William R. Truong, David Cluck, Melissa E. Badowski, Sarah M. Michienzi, Spencer H. Durham

HPD Articles

The HIV epidemic continues to pose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although the incidence of annual new infections is decreasing, health disparities persist and most new infections remain concentrated into different racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which involves those at high risk of acquiring HIV to take chronic medications to prevent acquisition of the virus, is key to preventing new HIV infections. The purpose of this article is to review medication therapies for PrEP and examine their role in personalizing PrEP in different patient populations. Additionally, new medications currently under development for PrEP are reviewed, …

Sulopenem For The Treatment Of Complicated And Uncomplicated Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection (Uti), Aiyi Chen, Thanh-Liem Vu, Daniel J. Yang, Landon Olsen

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Lady Windermere Syndrome; Rare Pulmonary Infection Secondary To Voluntary Suppression Of Cough., Dr Rudresh Hiremath Dr

Radiology Teaching Files

65-year-old lady suffering from cough for the last one month with white colored scanty sputum. Past three weeks she has developed wheeze with shortness of breath. She also complains of on and off mid fever for last two weeks with evening raise of temperature. No evidence of chest pain or hemoptysis. No past history of pulmonary tuberculosis or allergic airway disease. Non diabetic and non-hypertensive.

General physical examination was normal. On auscultation there was reduced air entry with crackles in the right mid and lower zones. Rest of the systems was normal.

Comparative-Effectiveness Of Oral Beta-Lactams And Fluoroquinolones For Stepdown Therapy In Patients With Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Lauren Bjork Ph.D., Teri Hopkins Ph.D., Linda Yang Ph.D., Chengwen Teng Pharm.D., Ph.D., Xavier Jones Bs, Jose Cadena, Elizabeth Walter, Christopher R. Frei Pham.D., Ms

Faculty Publications

Background: This study compares treatment failure for patients who received oral beta-lactams (BLs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) for stepdown treatment of Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective, age- and sex-matched, cohort study, at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital in South Texas. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age with a monomicrobial BSI treated with a single oral BL or FQ antibiotic. Treatment failure was defined as recurrence or all-cause mortality within 90 days of documented BSI. Bivariate (chi-square, Fisher's Exact, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum) and multivariate (logistic regression) statistical tests were used to compare groups. …

Disentangling The Cost Of Orphan Drugs Marketed In The United States, Hana Althobaiti, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, Lawrence B. Brown, Marc L. Fleming, Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The increasing number and high prices of orphan drugs have triggered concern among patients, payers, and policymakers about the affordability of new drugs approved using the incentives set by the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of 1983. This study evaluated the factors associated to the differences in the treatment cost of new orphan and non-orphan drugs approved by the FDA from 2017 to 2021. A generalized linear model (GLM) with the Gamma log-link analysis was used to ascertain the association of drug characteristics with the treatment costs of orphan and non-orphan drugs. The results of the study showed that the median …

Evaluation Of Topical Microbicides For Their Acute Toxicities And Ability To Induce Proinflammatory Cytokines Tnf-A, Il-1b, Il-6 And Il-8 In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells And Macrophages, Aladin A. Siddig, Olivier M. Tchimou, Mohammad N. Uddin, Kwame Yeboah

Faculty Research ​and Publications

Purpose: Topical Microbicides have been used as vaginal microbicides in clinical trials as anti-HIV-1 products. The objectives of this project were to evaluate selected popular topical microbicide drug products for their acute toxicities to colorectal epithelial cells and primary immune cells such as Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) and Macrophages and to further determine if these microbicide products could induce genital tract inflammation via extra production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.

Methodology: Toxicities of Nonoxynol-9, KY jelly, CAP, PRO2000 (4%), PRO2000 (0.5%), UC781(1%), UC781(0.1%) and VenaGelTM microbicides were determined by cellular viability of colorectal adenocarcinoma …

Paxlovid-Induced Tacrolimus Toxicity In The Treatment Of Covid-19: A Case Report., Stephanie Michael, Rachel Heilbronner, Christopher M Lloyd, Howard W Levitin

Pharmacy Articles

Paxlovid^TM (nirmaltrelvir/ritonavir) received emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2021 to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given the actions of Paxlovid on cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes, it is imperative to check for potential drug-drug interactions before prescribing. We describe a case in which the common emergency department presentation of generalized weakness was found to be caused by interactions between Paxlovid and a patient's home medications resulting in tacrolimus toxicity.

Outpatient Therapies For Covid-19., Michelle Boysel, Christian Vaflor, Dan Sheridan

Pharmacy Articles

The world's healthcare systems were forced to evaluate evolving evidence regarding the COVID-19 pandemic quickly. The technology used to improve patient outcomes and survival is rapidly evolving along with the virus. This article discusses new therapies developed to treat and prevent COVID-19 in qualifying patients.

Characterization, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Phragmanthera Austroarabica A. G. Mill And J. A. Nyberg Extract, Shady Swidan, Dina Khodeer, Sarah Shabayek, Ali Nasr, Roaa Khinkar, Mohammed Aldurdunji, Maryam Ramadan, Jihan Badr

Pharmacy

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that exhibited great expansion all over the world. It is becoming an epidemic disease adding a major burden to the health care system, particularly in developing countries.

Methods: The plant under investigation in the current study Phragmanthera austroarabica A. G. Mill and J. A. Nyberg is traditionally used in Saudi Arabia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) of the plant and pure gallic acid (40 mg/kg), a major metabolite of the plant, as well as their silver nanoparticle formulae (AgNPs) were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity.

Results …

Pharmacology Of Disulfiram As An Antibacterial Agent, Yogesh Meka

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Disulfiram (Antabuse®) is an oral prescription drug used to treat alcohol abuse disorder (AUD). Disulfiram (DSF) and its metabolites act on the body by inhibiting multiple enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism. This study aims to understand the pharmacology of disulfiram as an antibacterial medication. Previous studies on DSF showed antibiotic activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA). The initial aim of this study was to decipher the mechanisms involved in inhibiting bacterial growth by DSF, which was done by performing biochemical studies. The studies revealed that DSF had antagonistic effects on redox buffering and energy production. Another aim of this …