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Linking Management And Markets: The Northwest Atlantic Sea Herring Industry And The Case For "Regional" Quotas, Peter Jessup Moore

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This review and characterization of the U.S. Atlantic sea herring fishery and industry analyzes opportunities for and constraints to developing the herring resource more fully. Chapter 1 describes the herring resource, the existing fishery, and reviews current research into the international transboundary migrations of the Atlantic sea herring. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the development of the herring fishery management plan in the context of the global herring market and the management complications that arise from the transboundary migrations of the stocks. Examples of successful linkages between fisheries management and market development are described in Chapter 4 to illustrate the …

Study Of An Endangered Species Enhancement Program In Coastal Wetlands: Public Perceptions And Management Strategies, Virginia Marueen Witkowski

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Understanding what motivates public perception and actions is important in assessing public response and forecasting the success of resource management plans. Failure of the policy makers to foresee public reaction can result in expensive delays, bad press and lengthy court battles which at best, increases the cost of implementation and at worst stops resource management projects altogether. An endangered species management program was stopped at the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge in Southern California when an animal right's organization protested the euthanizing of non-native red foxes where were decimating endangered populations of California Least terns and Clapper rails in the …

The Rise And Fall Of New Bedford Whaling, As Documented By The Whalemen's Shipping List And Merchants' Transcript, Michael J. Tighe

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this study is to document the rise and fall of the New Bedford whaling industry-which was, in effect, the American whaling industry-through the pages of the Whalemen's Shipping List and Merchants' Transcript. This analysis will proceed int he following ways. First, this study will detail the origins of the American whaling industry and it development up to the first issue of the Whalemen's Shipping List and Merchants' Transcript on March 17, 1843. Whaling developed in colonial American because many of thos first settlers previously worked in the English and Dutch whaling fleets. This section also will include …

Marine Safety And Pollution Prevention: The Role Of The Port State, Jonathan Douglas Sarubbi

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will examine the evolving role of the port State with regard to the enforcement of international safety of life at sea and pollution control standards and its effect on improving maritime safety and reducing vessel-source pollution. Chapter 2 will analyze the flag State enforcement regime, with particular emphasis on flags of convenience or open registries countries demonstrating the inadequacy of flag State enforcement and the need for port State control. Chapter 3 will examine the concept and legal requirements of the port State control regime. Chapter 4 will focus on the role of the port State with respect …

Conflicts In Use: The Impacts Of The Oil And Gas Industry On The Herring Fishery In The North Sea, Cornelia Ann Pasche

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The interaction of the herring (Clupea harengus) with the oil and gas industry in the North Sea is reviewed. The population crash of the herring in the early 1970's and the subsequent closing of that important fishery between 1977 and 1983 has drawn considerable attention to the influences, both biotic and abiotic, affecting the recruitment to the North Sea stock. Current accepted theory points to a change in oceanic current and the subsequent decrease in salinity in the North Sea region, resulting in a change in plankton availability for larval herring as the cause of the recruitment failure during the …

Towards A Regional Coastal Zone Management Program In The Oecs, Keith E. Nichols

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Islands of the Lesser Antilles are described as "truly archipelagic, enjoying the characteristic features of both oceanic and coastal islands." Once considered pristine and far removed from the influences of pollution from coastal areas, they are now faced with the realities of their own solid waste problems, resource degradation and over-exploitation, as well as human health impacts from contaminated rivers and coastal areas. Each of these territories can be considered packages of economic, political and cultural networks, attempting to provide for individual and nationwide needs while seeking economic growth and self-sufficiency. If developed properly and used in tandem with …

User Perceptions Of The Environmental Quality And Governance System Of Narragansett Bay, Mary-Beth Gadzik Hart

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper hypothesizes that there will be differences in perception between the users and managers of Narragansett Bay with respect to (1) the Bay's environmental quality; and (2) the effectiveness of the governance system established to manage and regulate the Bay. Any discrepancies in the perception of the quality of Narragansett Bay's shoreline and water resources among various user groups are likely to contribute to conflicts between users, and a less efficient approach to the management of Bay resources. Thus, the identification of where management policies may diverge from the interests of public user groups will serve to improve resource …

Analysis Of Factors Contributing To Environmental Activism: A Case Study Of Beach Clean-Up Participants, Elizabeth Ann Fuller

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study was initiated to investigate factors which contribute to environmental activism. Towards this end, three hypotheses were investigated. First, it was hypothesized that beach clean-up participants would harbor pro-environmental attitudes. Second, it was hypothesized that participants would be relatively young, politically liberal, well-educated, and wealthy. Finally, it was hypothesized that particular types of social structure would influence a person's decision to participate in a beach clean-up. Specifically, it was hypothesized that participants at each clean-up location would be clique members and/or would be structurally equivalent. Surprising, it was revealed that there was virtually no difference in attitude between the …

The Dilemma Of Dredging And Dredged Material Disposal In The Aquatic Waters Of Rhode Island And Its Impact On The Regional Marina Industry, Darryl J. Keith

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Since the closures, in 1971, of the Prudence Island and Brenton Reef disposal sites, water-related industries have not had aquatic disposal of dredged sediments as a management option. The marina industry in Rhode Island has been especially impacted as natural sedimentation processes have reduced the water depths at many of these locations and have resulted in the loss of business as operators have been unable to operate their marinas to their fullest potential. The elimination of this option is based on political and environmental concerns over declines in local commercial fisheries which are alleged to be the result of the …

Spatial And Temporal Occurrence Of Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus Maculatus In Chesapeake Bay, Mark E. Chittenden Jr., Luiz R. Barbieri, Cynthia M. Jones

OES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Changes In The Sea-Ice Brine Community During The Spring-Summer Transition, Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica .2. Phagotrophic Protists, Diane K. Stoecker, Kurt R. Buck, Mary Putt

OES Faculty Publications

The land-fast sea-ice brine contains a diverse phagotrophic protist assemblage consisting of < 5 mum heterotrophic flagellates, Cryothecomonas spp., heterotrophic dinoflagellates, and heterotrophic and mixotrophic ciliates. Fine-scale horizontal spatial variability is a feature of this assemblage; samples taken within 1 m of each other can be dominated by different heterotrophic protists. Many of the larger heterotrophic protists found in the brine are also found in the water column. The photosynthetic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum is also common. In mid to late austral spring, the heterotrophic assemblage accounts for ca 10% of the total protist biomass in the brine and is dominated by Cryothecomonas spp. This flagellate …

Benthic Microalgal Production At Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts Bay, Usa, Lawrence B. Cahoon, Guy R. Beretich Jr., Carrie J. Thomas, Amy M. Mcdonald

OES Faculty Publications

Benthic microalgal chlorophyll a and production were measured at 3 sites at Stellwagen Bank, a cold temperate continental shelf habitat in Massachusetts Bay, USA, during August 1991. Benthic microalgal chlorophyll a averaged 39.8 Mg M^-2, vs average integrated phytoplankton chlorophyll a of 25.9 mg m^-2. Gross benthic microalgal production, measured by oxygen exchange in clear and opaque benthic chambers, averaged 20.9 mg C m^-2 h^-1. This production was supported by average daily light fluxes to the bottom that never exceeded 1 % of surface incident radiation and were as low as 4.7 μE …

Age, Growth, And Reproduction Of Tautog Tautoga Onitis (Labridae: Perciformes) From Coastal Waters Of Virginia, E. Brian Hostetter, Thomas A. Munroe

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Tautog Tautoga onitis are gaining popularity in Virginia's coastal waters as a recreational and food fish. Adult tautog are seasonally abundant on inshore hard-bottom habitats (1-10 m) and inhabit offshore areas (10-75 m) year-round. Juveniles, especially newly-settled recruits, inhabit vegetated areas in shallow water (usually < 1 m). From March 1979 to July 1986, tautog were collected in lower Chesapeake Bay and nearby coastal waters to examine age, growth, and sexual maturation. Age estimates were determined from annular marks on opercle bones: 82% of the fish were age-10 or younger, 18% exceeded age-10, and 1% were age-20 or older. Marginal increment analysis revealed that annuli formed concurrent with a protracted spawning season (April-July). The von Bertalanffy growth equation, derived from back-calculated mean lengths-at-age, was l(t) = 742 [1-e-0.085 (t-1.816)]. Tautog are long-lived (25+ yr) and attain relatively large sizes (672 mm TL) slowly (K for sexes combined = 0.085). Growth rates of both sexes are similar, although males grow slightly faster (K = 0.090 vs. 0.085 for females). Maturity occurs at age-3 in both sexes. Growth rates for tautog from Virginia are similar to those reported nearly 25 years ago for tautog in Rhode Island. Growth rates for tautog are similar to those of other reef fishes, such as snappers and groupers. Habitat restriction, slow growth, great longevity, and increasing popularity by user groups may contribute to over-exploitation of this species in Virginia waters.

A Reproductive-Resting Stage In An Harpacticoid Copepod, And The Significance Of Genetically Based Differences Among Populations, D. J. Lonsdale, P. Weissman, Fred C. Dobbs

OES Faculty Publications

Dormancy is an important life-history strategy which allows copepods to increase their fitness by delaying growth and reproduction until harsh environmental conditions have ameliorated. For marine species, the primary strategies identified to date include the production of dormant eggs by shallow-water species, and copepodite overwintering in deep-water species. Herein, we describe a third strategy in which fertilized adult females enter a “reproductive-resting” stage during the late fall that allows them to overwinter and provide a first source of spring naupliar recruitment. This strategy has been observed in the estuarine copepod Coullana canadensis, but may also occur in other species. …

Metalloids In Wet Deposition On Bermuda: Concentrations, Sources, And Fluxes, Gregory A. Cutter

OES Faculty Publications

The concentrations of antimony, arsenic, and selenium were determined in wet deposition samples collected on a daily (event) basis from 1988 to 1990 on Bermuda as a part of the Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE). Isentropic back trajectories were used to identify air masses that passed over North America (59% of the events), Europe or North Africa (8%), or were largely marine in origin (33% of the events). The North American trajectories had the highest volume-weighted average (VWA) concentrations and crustal enrichment factors for the three metalloids; the As/Se ratio and good correlations with acidity suggest inputs from fossil fuel combustion. …

Heat Storage And Transport Processes In The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, Andras Kapolnai

OES Theses and Dissertations

Heat storage and transport processes of the tropical Atlantic play an important role in the climate of three continents. The exploration of how the warm water mass maintenance in the equatorial basin depends on various external factors is therefore an important task. This study examines the annual cycle of the warm water mass formation and its transport in the equatorial Atlantic through the interaction of the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. Key features of the model are the sea level wind field, equatorial upwelling rate and escape transport of the formed warm water out of the equatorial basin.

The model …

An Account Of Sandbank Depositional Modes, Menai Strait U. K, N. Nyandwi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Grain size distribution on the seabed and in the suspension were determined on an intertidal sandbank in Menai Strait, U.K. to establish both the mode of deposition and its stability against the strong tidal flows prevailing in the strait. Granulometric analysis showed typically three sediment population (log plot of cumulative curve) in the size range 4.0-3.0 phi and 1.5-1.0 phi with the middle on making the largest in all the samples. A probability plot of the cumulative curves however revealed on the average the lower (coarse) and upper (fine) truncation points to be lying at 1.5 phi and 3.0 phi …

Ground Water Flow And Water Resources Investigation Of The Auburn, Summers And Shakertown Springs Karst Ground Water Basins, Logan And Simpson Counties, Kentucky, William Howcroft

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The City of Auburn is faced with a number of problems relating to its dependency on two karst springs, Auburn and Summers Springs, to meet its water requirements. Besides being extremely vulnerable to contamination, the springs often discharge and insufficient volume of water needed for public consumption and dilution of the City’s treated wastewater. Thus the City wishes to find an additional source of water and views nearby Shakertown Spring as a possibility. The study has three main objectives: 1) delineation of the Auburn, Summers, and Shakertown Springs ground water basins, 2) determination of the volume of available water at …

Downhole Logging As A Paeoceanographic Tool On Ocean Drilling Program Leg 138: Interface Between High-Resolution Stratigraphy And Regional Syntheses, Mitchell Lyle, Larry A. Mayer, Nicklas G. Pisias, T. K. Hagelberg, Kathleen A. Dadey, Stephen F. Bloomer, Shipboard Scientific Party

Affiliate Scholarship

On Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138, standard shipboard procedures were modified to allow for the real-time monitoring of several laboratory core-scanning systems that provide centimeter-scale measurements of saturated bulk density, magnetic susceptibility and digital color reflectance. These continuous, high-resolution data sets were used to ensure the proper offset of multiple holes and to splice together complete sedimentary sections. Typically, the spliced, continuous sediment sections were found to be about 10% longer than the section drilled, as measured by the length of the drill string. While the source of this elongation is not yet fully understood, it must be compensated …

Downhole Logging As A Paeoceanographic Tool On Ocean Drilling Program Leg 138: Interface Between High-Resolution Stratigraphy And Regional Syntheses, Mitchell Lyle, Larry A. Mayer, Nicklas G. Pisias, T. K. Hagelberg, Kathleen A. Dadey, Stephen F. Bloomer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

On Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138, standard shipboard procedures were modified to allow for the real-time monitoring of several laboratory core-scanning systems that provide centimeter-scale measurements of saturated bulk density, magnetic susceptibility and digital color reflectance. These continuous, high-resolution data sets were used to ensure the proper offset of multiple holes and to splice together complete sedimentary sections. Typically, the spliced, continuousediment sections were found to be about 10% longer than the section drilled, as measured by the length of the drill string. While the source of this elongation is not yet fully understood, it must be compensated for …

Remote Detection Of Coral 'Bleaching' Using Pulsed-Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy, J. T. Hardy, F. E. Hoge, J. K. Yungel, Richard E. Dodge

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Despite their biological and economic importance coral reefs are increasingly threatened by human activities. Recently, 'bleaching' of reefs, i.e. loss of photosynthetic pigmentation, has occurred at numerous globally-distributed sites. A number of environmental stressors, including increased water temperature, can induce bleaching. Several investigators have suggested that the widespread occurrence of coral bleaching represents an early warning signal of global greenhouse warming. Regardless of the cause, the extent of coral bleaching, both regionally and globally, needs to be documented and monitored. We conducted laboratory studies to evaluate the potential of using remotely-sensed laser-induced fluorescence to monitor coral pigmentation. Five species of …

Podocerus Kleidus, New Species From The Florida Keys (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Dulichiidae), James Darwin Thomas, J. L. Barnard

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Podocerus kleidus, a new species from high-current channels in the Florida Keys, is described. The species is very close to P. fulanus from marine channels in California but differs in the strongly cleft coxa I.

Southern Nevada Effluent Wetlands: A Proposed Cooperative Venture Between The Bureau Of Reclamation & City Of Las Vegas, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Throughout North America there is a growing interest in constructed wetlands, both as relatively inexpensive, low-maintenance systems for removing nutrients from wastewater, and as a means of using municipal wastewater to enhance wildlife habitat and create public use opportunities. Because wetlands appear to have good potential as a component in the overall management of scarce water resources, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) has undertaken several cooperative research and demonstration projects to evaluate their effectiveness in a variety of local environments. While a number of projects have demonstrated that wetlands can be beneficially employed to improve water quality, few such projects …

Beryllium 7 And Lead 210 In The Western Hemisphere Arctic Atmosphere: Observations From Three Recent Aircraft-Based Sampling Programs, Jack E. Dibb, R. Talbot, G L. Gregory

Earth Sciences

Concentrations of the natural radionuclides ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb were determined in aerosol samples collected in the western hemisphere Arctic during the recent NOAA Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP 3) and NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment/Arctic Boundary Layer Expeditions (GTE/ABLE 3A and ABLE 3B) missions. Beryllium 7 showed a free tropospheric concentration maximum between 4 and 5 km in the summer of 1990. Previous ⁷Be data obtained in the late 1950s and early 1960s also indicated a similar vertical distribution of ⁷Be near 70°N. Injection of stratospheric air through tropopause folds associated with the Arctic jet …

Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan, Gerald King, Darryl Little, Tim Jessup, Charles Armstrong

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Arkansas Agricultural Chemical Ground-Water Management Plan (SMP) is based on the Draft State Pesticide Ground- Water Management Plan Guidance and The Pesticides and Ground-Water Protection Strategy prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The need for a plan to protect ground water from contamination by agricultural chemicals and agents arises from evidence nationwide that using these chemicals can, in some instances, lead to contamination. In February 1988, EPA proposed a strategy to regulate certain pesticides by prohibiting their use in areas vulnerable to leaching unless a state develops and implements an acceptable management plan. The advantage of a …

Plankton Transport Patterns And Residence Times Around A Tall Seamount: Simulation Results, Dorlisa Louise Hommel

OES Theses and Dissertations

A semi-spectral primitive equation circulation model was used to simulate flow over an isolated gaussian seamount. Model configuration was such that a Taylor Cap was generated in the flow over the seamount. Arrays of 100 drifters were released in the simulated flow fields at several depths (50, 100, 200, and 400 m) both upstream and over the seamount. For several experiments vertical behaviors were imposed on the drifters to simulate zooplankton migration patterns. The drifter simulations extended for three months. Drifter transport patterns were determined by the initial release position of the drifter relative to the Taylor Cap as well …

Seasonal And Latitudinal Variations Of Gravity Wave-Driven Fluctuations In Oh Nightglow, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., R. L. Walterscheid, G. Schubert

Publications

The seasonal and latitudinal variations of the gravity wave-driven fluctuations in the OH nightglow are investigated theoretically using a model that accounts for emission from an extended OH layer and includes the effects of eddy diffusivities in the gravity wave dynamics. The mean (unperturbed) state is obtained from a two-dimensional, nighttime model so that mean-state number densities, temperatures and eddy diffusivities are all self-consistent. Seasonal and latitudinal variations in the background OH nightglow emission and in the propagation and dissipation characteristics of the gravity waves influence how the OH nightglow modulations due to gravity waves depend on season and latitude. …

The Gulf Stream Front, Its Role In Larval Fish Survival And Recruitment In Florida: Hydrographic Station And Plankton Data, Denis William Frazel, M. Elizabeth Clarke, G. S. Kleppel, Peter B. Ortner, John M. Braker, Carol A. Burkart, Gayle Louise Stone

Technical Reports

The goal of this project was to develop a clearer understanding of the role that the Gulf Stream system plays in larval fish survival and recruitment in Florida waters. The specific objectives of this study were to:

1. Determine whether the biomass of fish larva, other zooplankton, microzooplankton and phytoplankton is higher at the shoreward front of the Gulf Stream than on either side of it.
2. Characterize the assemblages of fish larvae predators and prey both at the front and on either side of it.
3. Determine if the composition, abundance and size frequency distribution of larval and juvenile fishes in the …

Relationship Between Ground And Surface Water Quality In Karst Systems, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Springs in Northwest Arkansas may originate from relatively small fractures in rock strata or from cave systems. The water emerging from these springs is frequently used as water sources for plants, animals and humans. The quality of the ground water source and the emerging water are uncertain and frequently unknown. In addition, the opportunity to monitor changes in water quality during flow from origin (water entering the cave) to emergence is uncommon. Cave systems with definable drainage basins and accessible sampling points near the midpoint of the cave are also uncommon. Examining the interface between the quality of surface water …

Behavior Of Nutrients And Trace Metals In Muck Sediments From A Florida Lagoon, Huan Feng

Theses and Dissertations

Fine-grained, organic-rich sediments are a potentially importment reservoir for nutrients and contaminants in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. However, little is known about the behavior of these chemical species and whether they can be released to the overlying water column. In that regard, this study had two objectives: (1 ) to determine the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus species and some metals in representative muck deposits and the fluxes of these species to the overlying waters of the Indian River Lagoon; and (2) to identify the mechanism controlling concentrations of nutrients and trace metals in these muck deposits. Results …