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Selenium Moderation Of Estrogen Receptor-Beta (Er-B) Activation: A Mechanism For Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention, Josie Johnson, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen Oct 2013

Selenium Moderation Of Estrogen Receptor-Beta (Er-B) Activation: A Mechanism For Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention, Josie Johnson, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men (1). Results from a prospective cancer prevention trial showed that Se supplementation reduced prostate cancer incidence by 63% (2). One molecular mechanism by which Se may protect against prostate cancer is moderation of the conformation and associated activity of redox-regulated proteins, including some transcription factors (3). Previous work in our laboratory showed that Se affects the expression of genes responsive to the redox-regulated transcription factor NF-kB in human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells (4). Estrogen receptor-beta (ER-b) is another redox-regulated transcription factor. We report that Se treatment of LNCaP …

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The Role Of Ap-1 And Related Inhibitors In Cortisol Secretion And Inflammation, D. Craig Seager, Dr. Allan Judd Oct 2013

The Role Of Ap-1 And Related Inhibitors In Cortisol Secretion And Inflammation, D. Craig Seager, Dr. Allan Judd

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) increases the secretion of cortisol from bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (ZF) and human adrenal tumor H295R cells. However, the biochemical mechanisms involved in IL- 6-stimulated cortisol secretion are not well understood. In previous studies, it has been determined that IL-6 increases the phosphorylation of Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducer and activators of transcription (STATs). In many tissues, the JAK-STAT pathway and the activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathways interact. AP-1 is composed of homodimers and heterodimers of the proteins c-Fos, c-Jun, JunB, and JunD. Therefore, in this study we determined the effects of IL-6 on the cellular content of …

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Long-Term Preservation Of Breadfruit, Cassava, And Taro By Solar-Drying In The Pacific Islands Area, Jonathan Pratt Rowe Oct 2013

Long-Term Preservation Of Breadfruit, Cassava, And Taro By Solar-Drying In The Pacific Islands Area, Jonathan Pratt Rowe

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cassava, taro, and breadfruit are critical food sources indigenous to the Pacific islands. Because they serve as the main source of energy for 500 million people, their availability is vital to the survival of these people. In addition to the energy provided, these plants also provide essential vitamins and minerals. Generally, cassava, taro, and breadfruit are grown with relative ease and abundance. Their physical and chemical properties, however, are not conducive to storage, and as a result, much is wasted.

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Theory Of Planned Behavior To Predict Multivitamin/Mineral Use, Heather Petraszko Oct 2013

Theory Of Planned Behavior To Predict Multivitamin/Mineral Use, Heather Petraszko

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This health behavior research study utilizes the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore female collegiate lightweight rowers' (FCLR) decision to use multivitamin/mineral supplements (MVS). This study aimed to determine the relationship between FCLR salient beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control (PBC) towards MVS, intention to use MVS, and use of MVS. Subjects were recruited from sixteen collegiate lightweight women's rowing programs within the United States and Canada and asked to complete an online survey. Results confirmed that the subjects' attitudes and PBC, but not subjective norms, were associated with intention to use MVS. In agreement with TPB …

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A Comparison Of The Impact Of A Heart-Healthy Diet Versus Paleolithic Nutrition On Hyperlipidemia In Adults, Robert Pastore Oct 2013

A Comparison Of The Impact Of A Heart-Healthy Diet Versus Paleolithic Nutrition On Hyperlipidemia In Adults, Robert Pastore

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Paleolithic nutrition can optimize serum lipids in adults with hyperlipidemia who have been on a heart-healthy diet based on the current recommendations by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (the Academy) or the American Heart Association (AHA). Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female) age 40 to 62 were selected based on the criteria of a diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia. Subjects were not taking any cholesterol lowering medication and had followed a calorie-controlled diet, based on either the dietary principles of the Academy or the AHA, for at least four months followed by a Paleolithic diet for four months. Multivariate analysis …

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Supplement Shortfall, Winston J. Craig Oct 2013

Supplement Shortfall, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

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Natural Genetic Variation Affecting Calcium Homeostasis, Rebecca Anna Replogle Oct 2013

Natural Genetic Variation Affecting Calcium Homeostasis, Rebecca Anna Replogle

Open Access Dissertations

Calcium (Ca) is essential for multiple functions within the body including skeletal health. The level of Ca in the serum is tightly regulated. During periods of habitual low Ca intake, the body senses a decrease in serum Ca and increases renal conversion of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). 1,25(OH)2D acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to increase intestinal Ca absorption, renal Ca reabsorption and skeletal Ca resorption. Efficient intestinal Ca absorption, especially during periods of low Ca intake, is critical for protecting bone mass. Ca absorption and its primary regulator, 1,25(OH)2D, are affected by both …

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Brain Bioavailability Of Polyphenols: Implications For Delivery Of Brain Health Benefits, Tzu-Ying Chen Oct 2013

Brain Bioavailability Of Polyphenols: Implications For Delivery Of Brain Health Benefits, Tzu-Ying Chen

Open Access Dissertations

Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with neuroprotection and cognitive benefits throughout the life span. These associations have sparked interest in plant-derived polyphenols as biologically active agents with potential for targeting brain benefits. However, little is known regarding the ability of the polyphenols or their metabolites from polyphenol-rich products to cross the blood-brain-barrier, and be available for biological action. Furthermore, additional insight is needed on factors affecting the absorption and brain distribution of polyphenol metabolites in vivo. To fill gap in current knowledge, this thesis will focus on the effects of diabetogenic diet and diabetic state which have …

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Metabolic Characterization Of A Sirt5 Deficient Mouse Model, Jiujiu Yu, Sushabhan Sadhukhan, Lilia G. Noriega, Norman Moullan, Bin He, Robert S. Weiss, Hening Lin, Kristina Schoonjans, Johan Auwerx Sep 2013

Metabolic Characterization Of A Sirt5 Deficient Mouse Model, Jiujiu Yu, Sushabhan Sadhukhan, Lilia G. Noriega, Norman Moullan, Bin He, Robert S. Weiss, Hening Lin, Kristina Schoonjans, Johan Auwerx

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Sirt5, localized in the mitochondria, is a member of sirtuin family of NAD1-dependent deacetylases. Sirt5 was shown to deacetylate and activate carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1. Most recently, Sirt5 was reported to be the predominant protein desuccinylase and demalonylase in the mitochondria because the ablation of Sirt5 enhanced the global succinylation and malonylation of mitochondrial proteins, including many metabolic enzymes. In order to determine the physiological role of Sirt5 in metabolic homeostasis, we generated a germline Sirt5 deficient (Sirt52/2) mouse model and performed a thorough metabolic characterization of this mouse line. Although a global protein hypersuccinylation and elevated serum ammonia during …

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Tissue And Intracellular Distribution Kinetics Of Vitamin K, David Hunt, Dr. Robert Davidson Sep 2013

Tissue And Intracellular Distribution Kinetics Of Vitamin K, David Hunt, Dr. Robert Davidson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In June of 2003 I began studying the metabolism kinetics of vitamin K in the Sprague-Dawley rat under the tutelage of Dr. Robert Davidson. This work has since developed into the body of my proposed Master’s thesis. This letter is intended to communicate the progress of this research.

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Preventing Malnutrition Within Ecuador, Tiffany Covington, Dr. Alison Campbell Sep 2013

Preventing Malnutrition Within Ecuador, Tiffany Covington, Dr. Alison Campbell

Journal of Undergraduate Research

La Rinconada is a unique indigenous village tucked away in the northern mountainous regions of Imbabura, Ecuador where the children of local subsistence farmers suffer from nutritional deficiencies. Studies completed by The Benson Institute show that before the year 2000, 50 percent of the villagers did not consume vegetables. Similar studies also show that meat consumption was often saved and therefore not consumed except for special occasions. Macro and micro-nutrient deficiencies within the children are evident through stunted growth patterns, hair discoloration, loss of eyesight, and premature death.

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Food Insecurity Among Children In Massachusetts, Stephanie Ettinger De Cuba, Deborah A. Frank, Maya Pilgrim, Maria Buitrago, Anna Voremberg, Harris Rollinger, Denise A. Hines Sep 2013

Food Insecurity Among Children In Massachusetts, Stephanie Ettinger De Cuba, Deborah A. Frank, Maya Pilgrim, Maria Buitrago, Anna Voremberg, Harris Rollinger, Denise A. Hines

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article focuses on the prevalence among Massachusetts children and families of food insecurity, inadequate access to enough nutritious food for an active and healthy life. It summarizes research findings on the association of food insecurity with less optimal children’s health and development from the prenatal period through adolescence. Food insecurity also correlates with other material hardships, such as housing and energy insecurity. Data show families’ participation in public nutrition and other assistance program is associated with decreased prevalence of food insecurity and with mitigation of its impact on children’s health and well-being. The article concludes with recommendations for policy …

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Agriculture And The Food System: A Short History And Country Case Study In Mongolia, Marissa L. Markowitz Sep 2013

Agriculture And The Food System: A Short History And Country Case Study In Mongolia, Marissa L. Markowitz

Capstone Collection

This paper includes a brief history of the human food system. It includes an exploration of the formation of the food system, the development of the modernized food and agriculture system, and challenges arisen throughout. Additionally, a specific case study into Mongolia and the unique geography of its food system is highlighted. The purpose of providing the case study is to consider challenges of a food system in transition amidst development in one country. Recommendations for Mongolia anent sustainable development are provided.

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Predicting Regional Circumferences From Regional Body Composition Data, Toria Mcmullin, Dr. Robert T. Davidson Sep 2013

Predicting Regional Circumferences From Regional Body Composition Data, Toria Mcmullin, Dr. Robert T. Davidson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Due to the current trend obesity rates and the increased public awareness of the connection between body composition and health, individuals are becoming more and more interested in assessing and changing their own body composition. The current methods used to assess body composition include the following: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), computerized tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), Near-Infrared Interactance (NIR), BodPod measurements, skinfold and circumference anthropometric measurements, and hydrodensitometry. Multicomponent models most accurately predict body composition. However, such models—including hydrodensitometry and DEXA—are either too difficult or too costly for practical, widespread consideration. Other methods are …

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The Effect Of Isoflavone And Selenium Diets On Body Composition (Biochemical Responses To Phytoestrogen And Selenium Diets In Noble Rats Relating To Reduced Prostate Cancer Risk), Jessica Tolman, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen Sep 2013

The Effect Of Isoflavone And Selenium Diets On Body Composition (Biochemical Responses To Phytoestrogen And Selenium Diets In Noble Rats Relating To Reduced Prostate Cancer Risk), Jessica Tolman, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The intent of the following research was to fulfill the thesis requirements for the BYU Honors Program, the following report is complied from excerpts from my Honors Thesis. The results were presented at the 8th International Symposium on Selenium in Biology and Medicine. At the beginning of this project I focused my interests on the effect of isoflavone and selenium on body composition. I later used these findings and the effect of isoflavone and selenium on hormone serum levels to determine the effect of isoflavone and selenium on prostate cancer risk.

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The Antimicrobial Effects Of Honey Against H. Pylori, Walker Berkley, Dr. Frost Steele Sep 2013

The Antimicrobial Effects Of Honey Against H. Pylori, Walker Berkley, Dr. Frost Steele

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In 2005 Dr. Marshall, along with co-discoverer Dr, J Robin Warren, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their linking the bacteria H. pylori to gastric ulcers and instituting regiments of antibiotic treatments that culminated in the first long term cure for this dehabilitating stomach condition.

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The Association Between Expectancies For Success And In-Season Dietary Practices Among A Group Of Female High School Softball Players, Elizabeth M. Crowley, Dr. Lora Beth Brown Sep 2013

The Association Between Expectancies For Success And In-Season Dietary Practices Among A Group Of Female High School Softball Players, Elizabeth M. Crowley, Dr. Lora Beth Brown

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Coaches and trainers need to be aware of the dietary practices of their athletes and strive to encourage their players to engage in healthy and proper nutrition. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) assess the dietary and nutrition practices of a group of female high school basketball players, and 2) to determine if expectancies for achievement and success are associated with better eating practices. Understanding the latter, may be useful in helping high school coaches devise ways to motivate players to improve their eating habits.

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Bone Ashing To Measure The Effects Of Vitamin K In Bone Mineral Density In Rats, Michael Draney, Dr. Robert Davidson Sep 2013

Bone Ashing To Measure The Effects Of Vitamin K In Bone Mineral Density In Rats, Michael Draney, Dr. Robert Davidson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Millions of people throughout the world suffer from osteoporosis. It is a degenerative disease that is characterized by increased bone fragility and decreased bone mineral and bone density.

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Dxa Scan Analysis Of The Reducing Effect Of Vitamin K And Omega-3 On Bone Mineral Loss In Ovariectomized (Ovx) Sprague-Dawley Rats, Stephen Roberts, Dr. Robert Davidson Sep 2013

Dxa Scan Analysis Of The Reducing Effect Of Vitamin K And Omega-3 On Bone Mineral Loss In Ovariectomized (Ovx) Sprague-Dawley Rats, Stephen Roberts, Dr. Robert Davidson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Vitamin K, long established as important for blood clotting, has received more recent attention regarding a role in bone metabolism and remodeling.1 Vitamin K could potentially be an effective treatment in reducing the deleterious effect of osteoporosis.

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The Effect On Femur Bone Tensile Strength And Calcium Levels In Osteoporosis Induced Rats By Vitamin K Supplementation, Ryan Probst, Dr. Robert T. Davidson Sep 2013

The Effect On Femur Bone Tensile Strength And Calcium Levels In Osteoporosis Induced Rats By Vitamin K Supplementation, Ryan Probst, Dr. Robert T. Davidson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Osteoporosis is a growing problem in the world today. With the aging population of the United State’s Baby Boomer generation, healthcare research is shifting dramatically to combat the rising rates of diseases associated with our aging population majority. Compiled with this majority of elderly people is the fact that Americans are living longer. We must face the challenges associated with the aging human body. Osteoporosis is an age-related disease. This study has added to the research available on osteoporosis and has provided enhanced methods to treat osteoporosis, a major problem especially in postmenopausal women. Several Asian studies report an increase …

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Review Of Report On The “Status Of Nearshore Finfish Stocks In South-Western Western Australia: Australian Herring And Tailor”, Department Of Fisheries Sep 2013

Review Of Report On The “Status Of Nearshore Finfish Stocks In South-Western Western Australia: Australian Herring And Tailor”, Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Occasional Publications

No abstract provided.

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Pass The Pecans, Winston J. Craig Sep 2013

Pass The Pecans, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

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Overcoming Shortage Of Pharmacists To Provide Pharmaceutical Services In Public Health Centers In Indonesia, Yuyun Yuniar, Max Joseph Herman Aug 2013

Overcoming Shortage Of Pharmacists To Provide Pharmaceutical Services In Public Health Centers In Indonesia, Yuyun Yuniar, Max Joseph Herman

Kesmas

Indonesia masih menghadapi keterbatasan jumlah apoteker di puskesmas, sehingga pihak pemerintah daerah dan puskesmas harus berupaya mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan ketersediaan dan distribusi tenaga pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas serta permasalahan dan alternatif pemecahannya. Data diambil dari hasil Riset Fasilitas Kesehatan (Rifaskes) tahun 2011I. Data kuantitatif tentang tenaga pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan regional. Data kualitatif sebagai pendukung diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan bagian kepegawaian dinas kesehatan dan apoteker empat puskesmas di Kota Bogor dan Bekasi, 3 kemudian dianalisis dengan metode analisis tema. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Sulawesi memiliki persentase puskesmas dengan tenaga apoteker …

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Effect Of Selenium On The Expression Of The Androgen Receptor And Nuclear Factor Kappa-B In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen Aug 2013

Effect Of Selenium On The Expression Of The Androgen Receptor And Nuclear Factor Kappa-B In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Selenium has been established as a promising chemopreventive element for prostate cancer. Several different mechanisms have been studied to delineate selenium’s anti-cancer effect, but the exact target and mechanism has yet to be clearly defined. Previous studies have established an inhibitory relationship between the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and selenium, as well as the Androgen Receptor (AR) and selenium in human LNCap cells. Both NF-κB and AR are constituently active during prostate cancer development, and their deactivation by selenium might be one of the mechanisms by which selenium acts as a chemopreventative agent. The purpose of our research is …

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The Derivatives Of Resveratrol And Prostate Cancer, Dallin Snow, Dr. Merrill Christensen Aug 2013

The Derivatives Of Resveratrol And Prostate Cancer, Dallin Snow, Dr. Merrill Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Resveratrol has been shown to be a very effective anticarcinogenic compound, in addition to its anti-viral, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and life prolonging effects. Resveratrol binds the estrogen receptor beta which in turn down regulates the androgen receptor, which is active in prostate cancer. Past studies of the effects of resveratrol on human prostate cancer cells have shown that it increases the rate of apoptosis and decreases proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner (Benitez, 2007). Also, a 2004 study exploring the absorption and metabolism of resveratrol in humans indicated that it is metabolized at a rapid rate by humans. It …

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The Effect Of Selenium On Nuclear Factor-Κb And Androgen Receptor Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen Aug 2013

The Effect Of Selenium On Nuclear Factor-Κb And Androgen Receptor Expression In Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Daniel Tandberg, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

According to the American Cancer Society prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, as well as the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The trace mineral and essential nutrient selenium has been established as a promising chemopreventive element for prostate cancer. Plant foods are the best source of selenium; however, the selenium content of plants varies significantly based on the soil in which it was grown in. This study attempted to provide further insight into the molecular mechanism by which selenium effects cancer development. Specifically we looked at the expression of the Nuclear …

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Factors Affecting Folic Acid Stability In Micronutrient Fortified Corn Tortillas, Kirk Oler Aug 2013

Factors Affecting Folic Acid Stability In Micronutrient Fortified Corn Tortillas, Kirk Oler

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The previously submitted grant application outlined research methods that would use ORCA funding. This report is a follow up to the initial ORCA grant application. First, a brief recapitulation of the grant application will be provided. Second will be a description of the actual research with any deviations from the application. Third, the results of the research will be presented.

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Antioxidant Interactions In Strawberries Exhibit Synergism And Antagonism, Joshua Reber, Dr. Tory Parker Aug 2013

Antioxidant Interactions In Strawberries Exhibit Synergism And Antagonism, Joshua Reber, Dr. Tory Parker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Epidemiological evidence has shown, on average, that those who consume more servings of fruits and vegetables have lower relative risk for cardiovascular disease and some cancers (Lee et al., 1991; Hertog et al., 1993; van’t Veer et al., 2000). As a result, a great deal of research has explored the components of fruit (Robards et al., 1999), with primary emphasis being placed on compounds in the phenolic category. This focus developed from the high in vitro antioxidant capacity of these compounds and the potential for them to protect lipids, protein and DNA from oxidative damage (van’t Veer et al., 2000). …

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The Effect Of Mechanical Tenderization On The Internal Cooked Color Of Beef Eye Of Round Steak, Amanda Nordquist, Maria Carter, Dr. Frost Steele, Dr. Laura Jefferies Aug 2013

The Effect Of Mechanical Tenderization On The Internal Cooked Color Of Beef Eye Of Round Steak, Amanda Nordquist, Maria Carter, Dr. Frost Steele, Dr. Laura Jefferies

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mechanical tenderization on the internal cooked color of beef steak, and specifically to determine if it exhibits premature browning during cooking because of the mechanical tenderization. The microbiological safety of mechanically tenderized meat has been questioned due to its implication in six recent outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7. Current research suggests that tenderization may increase the risk of internal penetration and cross-contamination of E. coli. Consumer evaluation of prematurely browned meat would lead to undercooking; increasing the risks associated with consuming contaminated meat. In this study, beef steaks were …

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The Effects Of Selenium, Resveratrol, And A Resveratrol Derivative On Human Prostate Cancer Lncap And 22rv1 Cell Lines, Jason Morris, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen Aug 2013

The Effects Of Selenium, Resveratrol, And A Resveratrol Derivative On Human Prostate Cancer Lncap And 22rv1 Cell Lines, Jason Morris, Dr. Merrill J. Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of this project was to determine whether there was a synergistic anticarcinogenic effect between selenium and resveratrol, both of which had independently demonstrated the ability to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the project also sought to determine whether a less soluble derivative of resveratrol, synthesized at BYU by Dr. Merrit B. Andrus of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, maintained the anticarcinogenic potency of resveratrol, and what were the effects of this derivative in conjunction with selenium.

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