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Measuring Cultural Competence In The Acute Care Setting, Susan Golembeski, Maria M. Ojeda Oct 2012

Measuring Cultural Competence In The Acute Care Setting, Susan Golembeski, Maria M. Ojeda

All Publications

Poster presentation on the psychometric properties of an instrument used in the assessment of cultural competence.


Late-Life Body Mass Index And Dementia: An Integrative Literature Review, Sarah Slade, Patricia K. Ravert Oct 2012

Late-Life Body Mass Index And Dementia: An Integrative Literature Review, Sarah Slade, Patricia K. Ravert

Faculty Publications

Dementia and obesity are significant public health concerns. Alzheimer's disease affects 5.3 million adults, while 72.5 million adults are obese. Emerging evidence linking body mass index (BMI) and dementia suggest that, although a high BMI in midlife is associated with a greater risk for dementia, a high BMI in late life is considered protective and should not necessarily be considered a risk factor for dementia. Beginning in midlife, practitioners should trend patient BMI numbers. Major fluctuations during this time should be monitored and nutritional counseling and cognitive screenings offered to help patients maintain a healthy BMI and detect early cognitive …


Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 2012, Susan Albrecht Curcio, Sarah Hindson Wagner, Jane Ryan Dietrich, Aileen Ishuin Macmillan Oct 2012

Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 2012, Susan Albrecht Curcio, Sarah Hindson Wagner, Jane Ryan Dietrich, Aileen Ishuin Macmillan

Nursing Alumni Bulletins

2012 – 2013 Meeting Date Calendar

2013 Annual Luncheon & Meeting Notice

Officers, Committee Chairs, Satellite and Volunteers

Bulletin Publication Committee

President’s Message

Treasurer’s Report

Resume of Minutes

Office News

Committee Report

  • Social
  • Relief Trust Fund
  • Satellite - Harrisburg Satellite Area
  • Scholarship
  • Nominating
  • Bulletin
  • By Laws

Annual Giving

Janet C. Hindson Award

  • Award Criteria
  • Award Recipient and Nominees

News About Our Graduates

Memories

Era Ending (Part Three)

Happy Birthday – To Be 80 or More

50th Anniversary Class Lists for 1962

Luncheon Attendees

Luncheon Photos

Luncheon Comments

1963 – Anniversary Class List for 2013 Annual Luncheon

In Memoriam, Names of …


Role Of Community Health Nurse In Earthquake Affected Areas, Saleema A. Gulzar, Zahid Ali Faheem, Rozina Karim Somani Oct 2012

Role Of Community Health Nurse In Earthquake Affected Areas, Saleema A. Gulzar, Zahid Ali Faheem, Rozina Karim Somani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

The role of Community Health Nurses (CHNs) outside the traditional hospital setting is meant to provide and promote the health care needs of the community. Such nurses can play a substantial role in the community setting including emergencies like disasters. This became evident after the earthquake of October 8, 2005 in Pakistan. The objective was to address the issues, faced by primary healthcare providers working in earthquake-affected areas focusing on participatory approach. The experience of the interventions done by CHN by a guided frame work (assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation components) is described. Issues identified by CHN included: lack of …


Open Access Journals: A Good Way To Go?, Joshua Neds-Fox, Alexandra Sarkozy Oct 2012

Open Access Journals: A Good Way To Go?, Joshua Neds-Fox, Alexandra Sarkozy

Library Scholarly Publications

Presentation to the faculty of the Wayne State University College of Nursing, Office of Health Research Brown Bag Series, on issues pertaining to publishing in open access nursing journals and implications for tenure, citation, copyright, etc.


Recommended Actions For Improved Care Transitions: Mental Ilnesses And/Or Substance Use Disorders, Chris Walker, Paul Goering, Cathy Brouwer, Kathy Knight, Karen Lloyd, Terry W. Crowson, Michael A. Trangle, Paul Davis, Jennifer Mcnertney, Sue Abderholden, Nancy Houlton, Kathy Cummings, Joann Foreman Oct 2012

Recommended Actions For Improved Care Transitions: Mental Ilnesses And/Or Substance Use Disorders, Chris Walker, Paul Goering, Cathy Brouwer, Kathy Knight, Karen Lloyd, Terry W. Crowson, Michael A. Trangle, Paul Davis, Jennifer Mcnertney, Sue Abderholden, Nancy Houlton, Kathy Cummings, Joann Foreman

Articles

The transition period between care settings is the most vulnerable time for patients and their caregivers. The unique vulnerabilities for patients with mental illnesses such as depression, mania, anxiety, schizophrenia and/or substance use disorders* heighten the need for coordinated transitions and aftercare. In 2010, depression was the fourth diagnosis by volume for readmissions in Minnesota according to the Potentially Preventable Readmissions data collected by the Minnesota Hospital Association.


Relationship Of A Healthy Work Environment To Retention Of Direct Care Nurses In A Hospital Setting, Ashlee P. Thomas Oct 2012

Relationship Of A Healthy Work Environment To Retention Of Direct Care Nurses In A Hospital Setting, Ashlee P. Thomas

Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects (Full IR Collection)

Purpose: The anticipated nursing shortage supports the need for researchers to identify contributing factors that impact supply of direct care nurses. This study evaluated which elements of a healthy work environment were predictors of retention of direct care nurses in a hospital setting.

Design: A non-experimental descriptive predictive design was used.

Methods: Data were collected from a convenience sample of direct care nurses in an acute hospital in the southeastern United States using the Healthy Work Environment (HWE) instrument and the Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS) in October and November 2012. Using multiple regression elements of the HWE …


How Caring Attitudes And Patient-Family Centered Care Beliefs Of Critical Care Registered Nurses Influence Family Members’ Perceptions Of Patient-Family Centered Care, Jennifer Shamloo Oct 2012

How Caring Attitudes And Patient-Family Centered Care Beliefs Of Critical Care Registered Nurses Influence Family Members’ Perceptions Of Patient-Family Centered Care, Jennifer Shamloo

Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects (Full IR Collection)

Purpose: To examine the relationships between caring attitudes and PFCC beliefs of critical care nurses and family members’ perceptions of PFCC.

Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used.

Methods: One hundred and six critical care registered nurses and 76 critical care family members were recruited from a healthcare organization located in the southeastern United States. Data collection occurred from October 2012 to November 2012.

Results: Nurses reported a high level of caring efficacy and moderately high beliefs about PFCC principles. Family members reported a moderate level of PFCC needs being met. No statistically significant relationships …


The Effects Of Work Schedule Flexibility On Job Satisfaction Of Telephone Advice Nurses, Angela D. O'Neal Oct 2012

The Effects Of Work Schedule Flexibility On Job Satisfaction Of Telephone Advice Nurses, Angela D. O'Neal

Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects (Full IR Collection)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of work environment on job satisfaction of telephone advice nurses and describe any relationships that might exist among specific RN characteristics and overall job satisfaction.

Design: An exploratory, descriptive correlation design was selected to answer the research questions with the conceptual framework based on Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory.

Methods: A convenience sample from77 telephone nurses at two call centers of a large metropolitan health care system in southeastern United States was utilized. Data collection took place in October 2012 using the McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale and specific demographic …


2012 Fall Newsletter, Morehead State University. Nursing Department. Oct 2012

2012 Fall Newsletter, Morehead State University. Nursing Department.

Nursing Department Publications Archive

2012 Fall Newsletter of the Department of Nursing at Morehead State University.


Academic Success Factors Influencing Linguistically Diverse And Native English Speaking Associate Degree Nursing Students, Josie Lynn Veal Oct 2012

Academic Success Factors Influencing Linguistically Diverse And Native English Speaking Associate Degree Nursing Students, Josie Lynn Veal

Dissertations (1934 -)

To address the healthcare needs of vulnerable populations, nursing educators should evaluate educational preparedness and identify which factors influence a successive academic trajectory in nursing school. A prospective design was used to determine the relationships and differences among the anatomy and physiology course grade, self-efficacy, linguistic diversity, language acculturation, and components of the National League for Nursing pre-admission exam for registered nurses and first semester nursing course grades of linguistically diverse and native English speaking associate degree nursing students.

A relationship exists between the PAX-RN composite score, anatomy mean grade, language diversity, and general self-efficacy score, the Nursing Pharmacology and …


Integrative Review: Parent Perspectives On Care Of Their Child At The End Of Life, Ann P. Aschenbrenner, Jill M. Winters, Ruth Ann Belknap Oct 2012

Integrative Review: Parent Perspectives On Care Of Their Child At The End Of Life, Ann P. Aschenbrenner, Jill M. Winters, Ruth Ann Belknap

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

This integrative review aims to describe parents' perspectives on end-of-life care for their children. Fifteen publications from a literature search of the Cochrane databases, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PSYCHinfo were included in the review. Recurring themes included poor communication/lack of information, strained relationships/inadequate emotional support, parental need to maintain parent/child relationships in life and death, quality of care continues after the death of the child, influence of services/planning on parent/child impacts quality of life, and the difficult decision to terminate life support. No studies were identified that focused on parents' perspectives on the care their child received at the end of …


Resilience In Family Members Of Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review Of The Literature, Abir K. Bekhet, Norah L. Johnson, Jaclene Zauszniewski Oct 2012

Resilience In Family Members Of Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review Of The Literature, Abir K. Bekhet, Norah L. Johnson, Jaclene Zauszniewski

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Worldwide, caregivers find caring for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) challenging. Family members must manage many aspects of care giving, which is demanding, overwhelming, and can affect the family members’ mental health. However learning how to be resilient may help family members overcome the stress and burden associated with caring for a person with ASD. A search was completed in Medline, PsycINFO, Proquest, Web of Science, and CINAHL using the key words “autism,” “caregivers,” “mothers,” and “fathers,” alone and in combination. Inclusion criteria were English language articles reporting studies with samples of children with ASD, as distinct from children …


Mongolian Women's Voices: A Case Study On Maternal Healthcare, Pregnancy, And Birth In Ulaanbaatar's Public Hospitals, Amelia Olmsted Oct 2012

Mongolian Women's Voices: A Case Study On Maternal Healthcare, Pregnancy, And Birth In Ulaanbaatar's Public Hospitals, Amelia Olmsted

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Mongolia is a country undergoing an incredible amount of change. Last year, in 2011, they had the fastest growing economy in the world, with a 17.2% increase in their GDP, according to the World Bank. A mere 22 years ago, Mongolia was a communist country, and today they are a parliamentary democracy. The country has opened itself up to the rest of the world and a free market economy, and experienced a very drastic shift in this direction in the early 1990's. Many Mongolians will tell you that the mindset of Mongolia's citizens has made a drastic shift since communism …


The Effect Of The Tri-Core® Cervical Pillow On Sleep Outcomes Among Whiplash Associated Disorder (Wad) Patients, Jay S. Greenstein, Barton Bishop, Jean Edward, Allen Huffman, Danielle Davis, Robert V. Topp Sep 2012

The Effect Of The Tri-Core® Cervical Pillow On Sleep Outcomes Among Whiplash Associated Disorder (Wad) Patients, Jay S. Greenstein, Barton Bishop, Jean Edward, Allen Huffman, Danielle Davis, Robert V. Topp

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a semi-customized orthopedic cervical pillow on sleep outcomes in Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) patients.

Methods: A convenience sample of forty-three WAD patients who participated in this study was randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group was given a Tri-Core® (Core Products International, Inc., Osceola) semi-customized orthopedic cervical pillow for sleep. Both the intervention and control groups received the Funhab® rehabilitation protocol (Sports and Spine Rehab Holdings Inc., Fort Washington). Outcome measures collected at the initial visit (baseline) and at discharge in both groups included …


Implementing An Rn-Driven Proactive Roaming Rapid Response Team, Elizabeth Avis, Msn, Rn, Ccrn, Pccn, Marybeth Foy, Msn, Rn, Nicholas Collins, Bsn, Rn, Ccrn, Kristine Irvin, Rn, Lois Grant, Rn Sep 2012

Implementing An Rn-Driven Proactive Roaming Rapid Response Team, Elizabeth Avis, Msn, Rn, Ccrn, Pccn, Marybeth Foy, Msn, Rn, Nicholas Collins, Bsn, Rn, Ccrn, Kristine Irvin, Rn, Lois Grant, Rn

Department of Nursing papers and presentations

Poster presented at: UHC Annual Conference 2012, Orlando Florida.

Goal: Redesign RRT to create a permanent team of RNs and an RRT focused on patient care and improving RRT process.


Cost-Effective Asthma Treatments For Uninsured Or Underinsured Pediatric Patients, Karlen E. (Beth) Luthy, Emilianne Dougall, Renea L. Beckstrand Sep 2012

Cost-Effective Asthma Treatments For Uninsured Or Underinsured Pediatric Patients, Karlen E. (Beth) Luthy, Emilianne Dougall, Renea L. Beckstrand

Faculty Publications

Nurse practitioners should constantly compare a medication's potential effect with its associated cost, thus identifying the most cost-effective treatment plan. Such an approach is warranted for both pediatric and adult patients. Prescribing medications for children who are uninsured or underinsured can be especially challenging, particularly for those patients diagnosed with a chronic health condition requiring routine treatment and follow-up. Asthma can be such a chronic illness for which the cost associated with treatment may become a barrier to compliance with the treatment plan. Cost-effective treatment options for asthma in the pediatric patient are presented.


Situated Peer Coaching And Unfolding Cases In The Fundamentals Skills Laboratory, Deborah O. Himes, Patricia K. Ravert Sep 2012

Situated Peer Coaching And Unfolding Cases In The Fundamentals Skills Laboratory, Deborah O. Himes, Patricia K. Ravert

Faculty Publications

Using unfolding case studies and situated peer coaching for the Fundamentals Skills Laboratory provides students with individualized feedback and creates a realistic clinical learning experience. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention data was used to evaluate changes in student ratings of the course. An instrument was used to examine students' self-ratings and student comments about each lab. We found that students' ratings of the lab remained high with the new method and self-evaluations of their performance were higher as the semester progressed. Students appreciated the personalized feedback associated with peer coaching and demonstrated strong motivation and self-regulation in learning. …


Situated Peer Coaching And Unfolding Cases In The Fundamentals Skills Laboratory, Deborah O. Himes, Patricia K. Ravert Sep 2012

Situated Peer Coaching And Unfolding Cases In The Fundamentals Skills Laboratory, Deborah O. Himes, Patricia K. Ravert

Faculty Publications

Using unfolding case studies and situated peer coaching for the Fundamentals Skills Laboratory provides students with individualized feedback and creates a realistic clinical learning experience. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention data was used to evaluate changes in student ratings of the course. An instrument was used to examine students' self-ratings and student comments about each lab. We found that students' ratings of the lab remained high with the new method and self-evaluations of their performance were higher as the semester progressed. Students appreciated the personalized feedback associated with peer coaching and demonstrated strong motivation and self-regulation in learning. …


Randomized Comparison Of Two Internet-Supported Natural Family Planning Methods (Final Efficacy Results), Richard J. Fehring Sep 2012

Randomized Comparison Of Two Internet-Supported Natural Family Planning Methods (Final Efficacy Results), Richard J. Fehring

Randomized Comparison of Two Internet-Supported Methods of Natural Family Planning

Both Internet provided NFP methods were effective with correct use but the electronic hormonal monitoring method was statistically better with a typical use of only 7 unintended pregnancies per 100 women over 12 months of use compared with 19 with the traditional cervical mucus monitoring method.

Satisfaction of using the hormonal method increased over time but motivation decreased, i.e., they had a desire to achieve a pregnancy.

A high discontinuation rate contributed to the limitation of the study.

However, this Internet based method of providing NFP with professional support is efficient and effective for select motivated couples.


Caregivers’ Incongruence: Emotional Strain In Caring For Persons With Stroke, Linda L. Pierce, Teresa L. Thompson, Amy L. Govoni, Victoria Steiner Sep 2012

Caregivers’ Incongruence: Emotional Strain In Caring For Persons With Stroke, Linda L. Pierce, Teresa L. Thompson, Amy L. Govoni, Victoria Steiner

Nursing Faculty Publications

Purpose:Guided by Friedemann's framework, the purpose of this study was to examine the dimensions of new family caregivers’ emotional strain in caring for persons with stroke. Method: Seventy-three caregivers who were new to that role participated in an interview every 2 weeks for a year as part of a NIH project. Of these caregivers, 36 participants were randomly assigned and had access to a Web-based intervention and its e-mail discussion. In this secondary data analysis, 2,148 e-mail discussion messages plus 2,455 narrative interview entries were used to examine dimensions of caregivers’ emotional strain. Rigorous content analysis was applied to these …


Day-To-Day Variability In Nap Duration Predicts Medical Morbidity In Older Adults, Natalie D. Dautovich, Daniel B. Kay, Michael L. Perlis, Joseph M. Dzierzewski, Meredeth Rowe, Christina S. Mccrae Sep 2012

Day-To-Day Variability In Nap Duration Predicts Medical Morbidity In Older Adults, Natalie D. Dautovich, Daniel B. Kay, Michael L. Perlis, Joseph M. Dzierzewski, Meredeth Rowe, Christina S. Mccrae

Nursing Faculty Publications

Objective: The objectives for the present study were to (a) examine within-person variability of nap duration and (b) assess how variability in nap duration is related to the number of health conditions in a sample of older adults. For highly variable behaviors such as sleep, it is important to consider fluctuations within the person instead of solely comparing averages of behaviors across persons. Method: Data were drawn from a previous study examining sleep in 103 community-dwelling older adults. Subjective estimates of napping behavior were obtained from sleep diaries and objective estimates of napping behavior were obtained using actigraphy. Both measures …


Second Life® As A Clinical Conference Environment: Experience Of Students And Faculty, Melinda Hermanns, Carol Kilmon Sep 2012

Second Life® As A Clinical Conference Environment: Experience Of Students And Faculty, Melinda Hermanns, Carol Kilmon

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this article is to discuss the students' and faculty members' experience of using Second Life® during a psychiatric mental health clinical conference. The clinical conference is explained, as well as the process in which students were oriented to the use of Second Life. The students' and faculty members' experience, obstacles encountered, and lessons learned are also presented.


Oncology Nurses' Obstacles And Supportive Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care: Providing Vital Family Care, Renea L. Beckstrand, Joan Collette, Lynn Callister, Karlen E. (Beth) Luthy Sep 2012

Oncology Nurses' Obstacles And Supportive Behaviors In End-Of-Life Care: Providing Vital Family Care, Renea L. Beckstrand, Joan Collette, Lynn Callister, Karlen E. (Beth) Luthy

Faculty Publications

Purpose/Objectives: To determine the impact of obstacles and supportive behaviors in end-of-life (EOL) care as perceived by hospital-based oncology nurses.

Design: A 69-item mailed survey.

Setting: National random sample.

Sample: 1,005 nurse members of the Oncology Nursing Society who had provided EOL care for patients with cancer.

Methods: Three mailings yielded 380 usable responses from 912 eligible respondents, resulting in a 42% return rate.

Main Research Variables: Size and frequency of EOL care obstacles and supportive behaviors for patients with cancer in a hospital setting.

Findings: Results of this research demonstrate the need for more EOL education and help in …


A Teaching-Learning Initiative With Tablet Computing, Beth Ann Swan, Phd, Crnp, Faan, Kellie Smith, Edd, Rn, Anthony J. Frisby, Phd, Kathryn Shaffer, Msn, Rn, Cne, Mary Hanson-Zalot, Msn, Rn Sep 2012

A Teaching-Learning Initiative With Tablet Computing, Beth Ann Swan, Phd, Crnp, Faan, Kellie Smith, Edd, Rn, Anthony J. Frisby, Phd, Kathryn Shaffer, Msn, Rn, Cne, Mary Hanson-Zalot, Msn, Rn

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

Mobile computing and electronic books are the top emerging technologies to impact higher education.1 The rapid expansion of technology in the health care setting has created a growing recognition that there is a need for adoption of a sound set of innovative teaching-learning strategies related to information management and technology applications in undergraduate nursing curriculum. Success in these technology-related strategies will rest on the degree to which schools comprehensively integrate technology with teaching-learning strategies in the undergraduate nursing curriculum.

Tablet computing has the potential to enhance educational experiences by providing a delivery option for teaching and learning practices that …


Mexican American Female Adolescents’ Perceptions Of Relationships And Dating Violence, Kristin Haglund, Ruth Ann Belknap, Juanita Terrie Garcia Sep 2012

Mexican American Female Adolescents’ Perceptions Of Relationships And Dating Violence, Kristin Haglund, Ruth Ann Belknap, Juanita Terrie Garcia

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: This study fills a gap regarding the perspectives of Mexican American female adolescents on dating relationships and dating violence (DV).

Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study. Focus groups included 20 Mexican American young women, primarily first and second generation, mean age 14.5 years (SD= 2.5). Data were analyzed with categorical analysis.

Findings: Participants described key components of DV and identified cultural aspects that may serve to promote healthy dating relationships.

Conclusions: Family-based interventions to promote exploration of gender roles and parent-child communication may foster biculturalism as well as promote healthy dating relationships and prevent violence within …


A Framework Of Academic Persistence And Success For Ethnically Diverse Graduate Nursing Students, Margaret J. Bull, Judith Fitzgerald, Josie L. Veal Sep 2012

A Framework Of Academic Persistence And Success For Ethnically Diverse Graduate Nursing Students, Margaret J. Bull, Judith Fitzgerald, Josie L. Veal

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The goal of this qualitative study was to examine how ethnically diverse graduate nursing students persisted with academic studies. Ethnically diverse nurses are vastly underrepresented in the workforce. This problem is accentuated by high attrition rates in academic programs. A grounded theory approach was used. Five focus groups were conducted with 16 ethnically diverse graduate students in nursing and interviews were conducted with two diversity advisers. Analysis of the data indicated that the process of learning to balance stressors with moderators was key to academic persistence and retention. A conceptual framework emerged from the data that provides a guide for …


The Impact Of Certification On Certified Perioperative Nurses: A Qualitative Descriptive Survey, Kathryn Schroeter, Michelle Byrne, Katharine Klink, Matthew Beier, Natalie S. Mcandrew Sep 2012

The Impact Of Certification On Certified Perioperative Nurses: A Qualitative Descriptive Survey, Kathryn Schroeter, Michelle Byrne, Katharine Klink, Matthew Beier, Natalie S. Mcandrew

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

As the practice of healthcare becomes more technologically advanced, specialized and complex, there is an increasing demand for accountability. Certification demonstrates that an individual practitioner has maintained an acceptable, or perhaps more advanced level of qualifications, knowledge, and skills in a specialty practice area. The nurses' perceptions, as shared in this study, revealed positive aspects related to their achievement of certification in perioperative practice. Although certification for nurses has been available for decades a detailed evaluation of its meaning and implications for practice seems to be unavailable. The purpose of this qualitative study, conducted in Chicago, Illinois and also online, …


Faculty Mentoring: Priceless (Letter To The Editor), Donald D. Miller Sep 2012

Faculty Mentoring: Priceless (Letter To The Editor), Donald D. Miller

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.


Evaluation Of The Clinical Integration Model For Hospital Care Delivery, Cheryl Mckay Aug 2012

Evaluation Of The Clinical Integration Model For Hospital Care Delivery, Cheryl Mckay

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Two studies were used to evaluate whether introduction of the Clinical Integration Model (CIM) would decrease cost, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in two populations: a psychiatric in-patient population and congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. Objectives: 1. Evaluate reliability and validity of a process tool, the CareGraph, essential in the CIM. 2. Determine if there is a difference for LOS and cost between patients receiving care in the CIM and those receiving care in a traditional primary care delivery model in a psychiatric population; compare the same parameters as well as survival in the CHF population. Methods: Reliability …