Digital Commons Network^™

Symptomatic Manifestations Of Hip Dysplasia In Young Adults: How Do Patients Present Before Or After Surgery? Results From A Social Media Cohort, John M. Gaddis, Amanda J. Wheeler, Erika Shults, Charles South, Stephen T. Duncan, Joel Wells

School of Medicine Publications

This study aimed to analyse the symptomatic differences of hip dysplasia before or after separate surgical interventions, including pain location and characteristics, severity, patient-reported outcomes, and a body pain diagram. A REDCap-based survey was distributed through social media from October 2023 to May 2024 and targeted individuals with current or past hip pain. The survey gathered data on demographics, comprehensive hip-specific history, and various patient-reported outcome measures. Of 509 completed surveys, 287 respondents reported a diagnosis of hip dysplasia and were divided into cohorts based on treatment history: no surgery (n = 65), post-periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) (n = 162), post-THA …

Authors’ Response To Letter To The Editor From Aphale, P, Et Al., Resident Autonomy In Pathology: Bridging Gaps Between Training And Practice, Bronwyn H. Bryant, Balaram Puligandla, Hailey L. Gosnell, Kristen Johnson, Stephanie Barak, Mary P. Berg, Julie Karp, Amanda Lofgreen, Cindy B. Mccloskey, Barbara E. C. Knollmann-Ritschel, Kristie L. White, W. Stephen Black-Schaffer

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Glycative Stress Disrupts The Mitochondrial-Lysosome Axis And Promotes Geroconversion In Aging Cardiomyocytes, Diana Bou-Teen, Simonas Valiuska, Elisabet Miro-Casas, Chiara Rubeo, Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko, Zuzana Nichtova, Celia Fernandez-Sanz, Javier Inserte, Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas, Begoña Benito, Eduard Ródenas-Alesina, Jesús Vázquez, Ignacio Ferreira-González, Marisol Ruiz-Meana

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Aging is a major risk factor for heart failure, yet the molecular mechanisms linking cardiac aging to the inflammatory pathophysiology of heart failure remain elusive. Mitochondrial dysfunction and defective organelle quality control are emerging hallmarks of the aging heart, but their biochemical underpinnings are poorly defined. Using comprehensive glycomics, we found that cardiac mitochondria from physiologically aged mice (≥ 20 months) are the major intracellular reservoirs of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), derived primarily from the chemical attack of some α-oxoaldehydes on proteins. This was associated with mild mitochondrial dysfunction and structural remodeling. Lysosomes in aged hearts were enlarged, more …

Gut Microbiota Modulation Via Repeated Donor Fecal Transplantation Improves Motor And Gastrointestinal Symptoms In Drug-Naïve Parkinson’S Disease: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial, Rui Zhang, Renyi Feng, Jiuqi Wang, Yongkang Chen, Han Liu, Qingyong Zhu, Haiyan Tian, Chi Qin, Junfang Teng, Beisha Tang, Min Wu, Jinsheng Zeng, Erxi Wu, Xuebing Ding, Xuejing Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The gut-brain axis is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, yet the therapeutic impact of microbiota modulation remains unclear due to lack of clinical trials in drug-naïve patients. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of repeated donor fecal microbiota transplantation (dFMT) in de novo PD. FMT was administered for seven days (200 mL on days 1-3; 50 mL on days 4-7) per 4-week cycle. Seventy-two patients were randomized 1:1 to receive dFMT or autologous FMT (aFMT), and 66 completed the trial. At 35 weeks, the …

Mechanism-Informed Transition From Pediatric To Adult Care In Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Study, Jane S Hankins, Tarun Aurora, Rachel Matsumoto, Sara Malone, Ana A Baumann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Healthcare transition (HCT) refers to the shift from a child-centered to an adult-centered model of care, a process that, when well-functioning, can reduce disengagement and improve satisfaction with care. The Six Core Elements (6CE) framework structures HCT services; however, its implementation process remains understudied, limiting its broader applicability. Learning how to effectively implement the 6CE strategies can enhance their application in real clinical contexts. This case study describes the successful implementation of a 6CE-informed transition program for adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), a genetic condition associated with reduced life expectancy. We also propose a mechanism-informed …

The Effect Of Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser Therapy On Chronic Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial, Merna Hassan, Osama Al Balah, Ahmed Hegazy, El Sayed Satour

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background: Transcranial photobiomodulation (TPBM) using near-infrared (NIR) light is a novel, non-invasive neuromodulation strategy with potential to enhance neurorecovery. While preclinical studies are promising, clinical evidence in chronic stroke remains limited and inconsistent.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 980 nm transcranial NIR laser therapy as an adjunct to standard rehabilitation in improving neurological function in patients with chronic ischemic stroke.

Methods: In this randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial, 40 chronic ischemic stroke patients (>6 months post-onset, NIHSS 7-22) were allocated to active treatment (n=20) or sham control (n=20). The active group received 980 nm laser therapy (6W, …

Synergistic Microbiome-Peptidome Therapeutics: Exploring Lactobacillus Reuteri Dsmz 17648 And Stem Cell-Derived Peptides For Immunomodulation And Tissue Repair Across Diseases, Hasan M. Agha, Mohammed A. Abdalqader, Abdullah Asad Siddiqui, Shafiq Aazmi, Jantson Hoh, Oh Chin Kin Michelle, Sabaa M. Agha, Amjad Abdulhadi Mohammed, Muneer Mohammed Saleh Alsayadi

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorders are driven by interconnected immune dysregulation, metabolic instability, epithelial barrier disruption, and impaired tissue repair, limiting the durability of conventional single-target therapies. The global rise in chronic inflammatory, metabolic, and age-related degenerative diseases underscores an urgent need for multi-dimensional therapeutic strategies that move beyond isolated molecular targets. Despite rapid advances in microbiome science and regenerative medicine, these fields have largely evolved in parallel, with limited integration at the translational level. Emerging evidence identifies the gut microbiome as a central regulator of systemic immunometabolic homeostasis through microbial metabolites, barrier integrity modulation, and immune-cell education. In parallel, …

Quality Of Robotic Segmentectomy Vs. Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Sneha S. Alaparthi, Anurag Ishwar, Isheeta Madeka, Annie Ho, Tyler Grenda, Nathaniel R. Evans Iii, Olugbenga T. Okusanya

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

Background & Methods

• Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Sub lobar resection (segmentectomy) has proved to be a safe and effective alternative to lobectomy in recent literature.
• Our objective is to compare quality of resection between robotic assisted (RVATS) and video assisted (VATS) thoracoscopic segmentectomy. Our hypothesis is that robotic segmentectomy will allow for an improved oncologic resection.
• Retrospective cohort study of National Cancer Database (NCDB). Patients >18 undergoing RVATS or VATS segmentectomy for clinical N0M0, ≤ 2 cm between 2010-2020.
• Quality of oncologic resection assessed with presence and number of nodes examined, margin positivity, upstaging, …

Social Network Determinants Of Cigarette Forgoing And Quit-Related Conversations In A 15-Day Ecological Momentary Assessment Study In Mexico And The Us, Lizeth Cruz-Jiménez, Kevin A. Carson, Jim Thrasher Ph.D., Ma, Ms, Katia Gallegos-Carrillo, Dèsirée Vidaña-Pérez, Diego F. Leal

Faculty Publications

Introduction

Methods

Associational Inference With Many Potential Covariates: Bayesian Information Criterion Elastic Net, Farideh Bagherzadeh Khiabani, I-Chan Huang, Jose Miguel Martinez Martinez, Shizue Izumi, Sedigheh Mirzaei, Tiange Zheng, Irina Dinu, Yutaka Yasui

COBRA Preprint Series

Background: An emerging feature in modern biomedical research is collecting and analyzing numerous variables. In the presence of many potential covariates, inference becomes challenging requiring both distinguishing a set of covariates truly associated with an outcome and estimating their corresponding regression coefficients consistently. Traditional statistical inference typically focuses on estimating coefficients assuming a pre-specified set of covariates. Further, advanced machine/statistical learning methods performing both selection and estimation predominantly focus on outcome prediction rather than association inference.

Methods: Motivated by our epidemiological research on long-term childhood cancer survivors, where we aimed to investigate associations between a large pool of longitudinal symptom …

Energetic Heterogeneity In Retinal Ganglion Cells: Role Of Neuronal Activity And Implications For Resilience, Zelun Wang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form the only connection between the eye and the brain via their axons in the optic nerve. In diseases such as glaucoma, RGCs undergo irreversible neurodegeneration leading to vision loss. RGCs consist of multiple types differing in morphology, gene expression, and signaling properties. Moreover, these types exhibit differential survival after axon injury. What cellular properties vary between RGC types that could underlie their heterogeneous response to neurodegeneration? Given that energy metabolism is tightly optimized for the homeostatic and active functions of different neurons, physiologically distinct RGC types likely exhibit divergent energetic characteristics. Furthermore, energy metabolism is …

Interim Estimates Of 2025-26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, September 2025-February 2026., Patrick Maloney, Emily L. Reeves, Kristina Wielgosz, Ashley M. Price, Karthik Natarajan, Malini B. Desilva, Kristin Dascomb, Nicola P. Klein, Sara Y. Tartof, Stephanie A. Irving, Shaun J. Grannis, Toan C. Ong, Zachary A. Weber, Jennifer E. Schuster, Danielle M. Zerr, Marian G. Michaels, Julie A. Boom, Natasha B. Halasa, Mary A. Staat, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Stacey L. House, Elie A. Saade, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen J. Wernli, Vel Murugan, Emily T. Martin, Natalie A B Bontrager, Marie K. Kirby, Amanda B. Payne, Fatimah S. Dawood, Ayzsa Tannis, Heidi L. Moline, Sifang Kathy Zhao, Katherine Adams, Jennifer Decuir, Samantha M. Olson, Jessie R. Chung, Nathaniel Lewis, Brendan Flannery, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Sascha Ellington, Cdc Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

In the United States, annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months, including during the 2025-26 season. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates were calculated for patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from three U.S. respiratory virus VE networks during the 2025-26 influenza season, using a test-negative case-control design. Among children and adolescents aged < 18 years, VE was 38%-41% against influenza outpatient visits and 41% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE was 22%-34% against influenza outpatient visits and 30% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A ranged from 37% (against outpatient visits) to 42% (against hospitalization) across settings; among adults, VE against influenza A ranged from 30% (against hospitalization) to 34% (against outpatient visits) across settings. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A(H3N2)-associated outpatient visits was 35% and against influenza A(H3N2)-associated hospitalization was 38%. VE against influenza B outpatient visits ranged from 45%-71% among children and adolescents and was 63% among adults. Other estimates of VE were not statistically significant or were not reportable. Although interim influenza VE is lower during the 2025-26 influenza season than it was during recent influenza seasons, these findings demonstrate that influenza vaccination still provides protection against influenza. CDC recommends influenza vaccination; U.S. influenza vaccines remain available for persons aged ≥6 months.

No Effect In Plasma Corticosterone Levels After Observation Of Diseased Conspecifics, B. M. Hardy, M. Chang, S. Mccallum, S. Santangelo, Patricia C. Lopes

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Organisms commonly respond to stressors in their environment by increasing the secretion of corticosterone (CORT). While increased CORT is acknowledged as a response to predation risk by organisms inhabiting a landscape of fear, new research raises the potential for changes in CORT as a response to the risk of infection by organisms in their environment. An increase in CORT of a healthy, uninfected individual in response to their perception of the risk of infection in their environment could change their susceptibility to infection, highlighting a significant role for CORT to alter host–pathogen dynamics. To investigate the effects of infection risk …

Publication Productivity Among International Medical Graduates And U.S. Medical Graduates In Neurosurgery: A Comparative Assessment Using The Arms Race Control Score, Joanna M. Roy, Omar M. M. Mansoor, Samit Sen, Aaron C. Segura, Rithvik Naga Ganti, Basel Musmar, Gilberto Perez Rodriguez Garcia, Brett Henshey, Saarang Patel, Sruthi Ranganathan, Victor Gabriel El-Hajj, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, M. Reid Gooch, Robert H. Rosenwasswer, Christian Bowers, Pascal Jabbour

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Arms Race Control Score (ARCS) was developed to provide a quantitative assessment of publications among residency applicants. International medical graduates (IMGs) often have higher numbers of publications compared to U.S medical graduates (US MDs). However, there is limited knowledge of publication quality and effort among IMGs and US MDs. Our study analyzes publication productivity among IMGs and US MDs using the ARCS.

METHODS: Applicants were selected from ACGME-accredited training programs that enrolled both IMG and US MD residents over the 2018-2024 match cycle. Programs without IMG residents in a given year were excluded from the analysis. …

Good Judgment In Action: Enhancing Surgeon Feedback Through Simulation, Spencer Wilhelm, Jacob Applegarth, Nathan Novotny, Ngan Nguyen

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Introduction: Effective intraoperative feedback is a cornerstone of surgical training, but remains inconsistently delivered. Surgeons who never received structured feedback during their own training lack the tools to deliver it effectively. At our institution, low faculty engagement scores on an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) survey prompted a residency-wide needs assessment, which revealed that most attendings provide feedback perceived by residents as ineffective. To address this, we developed a simulation-based faculty development program grounded in the “Debriefing with Good Judgment” model. Our study aims to evaluate whether this structured intervention can improve the quality and consistency of feedback …

Social Determinants Of Health And Quality Of Life Among Korean Americans With Chronic Hepatitis B, Cindy Xin Fang, Yoonjin Nam, Ann C. Klassen, Hee-Soon Juon

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection disproportionately affects Korean Americans, who often experience persistent social and structural challenges that may influence quality of life. Recent community studies showed most Korean Americans with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were disengaged from clinical care, emphasizing the need to better understand factors affecting their well-being. This study examined associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) and physical and mental health related quality of life (HRQoL) among Korean Americans with CHB.

METHODS: A total of 365 CHB patients completed the enrollment survey. SF-12 was used to measure quality of life, calculating physical and mental components …

Mist: A Hierarchical Bayesian Framework For Detecting Differential Dna Methylation Dynamics In Single-Cell Data, Daoyu Duan, Wenjing Ma, Wen Tang, Hao Wu, Liangliang Zhang, Hao Feng

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recent advancements in single-cell DNA methylation (scDNAm) sequencing technologies have enabled the profiling of epigenetic landscapes at unprecedented resolution, offering insights into cellular heterogeneity, differentiation and evolution. Trajectory inference, which orders cells along pseudotime, allows researchers to track genomics changes across continuous cell states and identify key loci exhibiting differential methylation. However, no methods currently exist to model methylation changes along pseudotime in scDNAm data. Here, we present a hierarchical Bayesian framework for scDNAm data analysis. Our method, named mist (methylation inference for single-cell along trajectory), models stage-specific biological variations, identifies genomic features with significant methylation changes along pseudotime, and …

Complete Genome Sequence Of The Widely Used Coaggregation Fusobacterial Strain Pk1594, Bibek G C, Shiqi Xu, Chenggang Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We report the complete genome sequence of the fusobacterial strain PK1594, widely used to study coaggregation between Fusobacterium nucleatum and oral bacteria. The assembly comprises a 2,357,192-bp chromosome and a 20,441-bp contig representing a duplicated 10,221-bp plasmid. znpA analysis indicates that PK1594 is Fusobacterium hwasookii rather than F. nucleatum.

Pkmζ-Kibra Interactions, Molecular Turnover, And Memory, Changchi Hsieh, David A Cano, Panayiotis Tsokas, James E Cottrell, André Antonio Fenton, Harel Shouval, Todd Charlton Sacktor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

How can the molecules that strengthen synaptic connections maintain memory in the face of molecular turnover? Our previous work showed that persistent interaction between the postsynaptic scaffolding protein, KIBRA, and the autonomously active PKC isoform, PKMζ, is crucial for maintaining synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory lasting at least a month. This duration is longer than the lifespans of individual KIBRA and PKMζ molecules. Biophysical modeling of the interaction suggests oligomers of KIBRA-PKMζ dimers, but not individual dimers or monomers, can overcome molecular turnover by continuously incorporating newly synthesized KIBRA and PKMζ, replacing those that have degraded. Here we used …

Corrigendum Notice: Predictors Of Caregiver Burden Among The Caregivers Of Bedridden Patients In Muscat, Oman, Sultan Qaboos University

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Corrigendum to: Al Abdulsalam R, Al Shaaibi H, Al Sanaa Al Zeedi M, Al Hadhrami R. Predictors of Caregiver Burden Among the Caregivers of Bedridden Patients in Muscat, Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2025; 26:20–8. https://doi.org/10.18295/2075-0528.2946

Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (Supar) As A Biomarker Of Neurodysfunction, Victoria Linden De Rezende, Khiany Mathias, Lucineia Gainski Danielski, Tatiana Barichello, Fabricia Petronilho

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The inflammatory response is essential for host defense, but its persistence can lead to chronic systemic inflammation (CSI). Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has emerged as a reliable biomarker of CSI because elevated levels consistently indicate the presence and progression of chronic disease as well as increased mortality risk. There is growing evidence that CSI influences neurovascular regulation, including changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, which suggests that suPAR may also be relevant to central nervous system (CNS) processes. This narrative review summarizes current findings on suPAR in CSI and examines its emerging implications for CNS. Higher suPAR concentrations …

In Vivo Hsc Gene Therapy Enables Sustained Ecd4-Ig Expression For Siv Prevention, Chang Li, Anna K Anderson, Anne-Sophie Kuhlmann, Veronica Nelson, Audrey Germond, Hongjie Wang, Aphrodite Georgakopoulou, Sucheol Gil, Jasmin Martinez-Reyes, Andrew Riker, Shruthi Shankar Raman, Jiho Kim, Philip Ng, Donna Palmer, Michael D Alpert, Nickolas Skamangas, Charles Bailey, Tianling Ou, Christine M Fennessey, Michael Farzan, Keith R Jerome, Brandon F Keele, Hans-Peter Kiem, André Lieber, John K Bui

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We aim to develop an in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach for the prevention and control of HIV-1 infection. Toward this goal, we engineered helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) 6/3+ vectors to directly transduce HSCs in vivo, enabling progeny cells to secrete eCD4-Ig, a decoy protein that broadly neutralizes HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates by mimicking the primary viral receptor CD4 and coreceptors such as CCR5. In rhesus macaques, the HDAd 6/3+ platform achieved long-term expression of an enhanced eCD4-Ig variant (“eCD4-Ig-Emm06”) that retained potent neutralization efficacy in vivo. Transduced HSCs differentiated into lymphoid and myeloid lineages …

Comparative Outcomes And Costs Of Robotic Assisted, Laparoscopic, And Open Partial Nephrectomy: A Contemporary Analysis Of National Inpatient Sample Data., Manisha Lin, Elizabeth Sottung, Vietbao H. Phan, Mumbi E. Kimani, Costas D. Lallas, Raegan M Davis, Scott W. Keith, Patrick Moeller, Vittorio Maio

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Partial nephrectomy is increasingly favored for small renal masses due to its renal function-preserving benefits. This study compared contemporary utilization patterns, perioperative outcomes, and hospital costs of robotic-assisted (RAPN), laparoscopic (LAPN), and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) among U.S. patients with renal cancer.

METHODS: Using the 2016–2019 National Inpatient Sample, renal cancer patients undergoing RAPN, LAPN, or OPN based on ICD-10-CM/PCS codes were identified. Patient demographics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, length of stay (LOS), perioperative complications, and hospital costs, were summarized by surgical approach. Regression analyses adjusted for patient- and hospital-level covariates were used to compare perioperative outcomes, LOS, and costs …

Cost-Effectiveness And Implementation Strategies For Hypertension Management Using Non-Physician Healthcare Workers In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Gabriel Lamkur Shedul, Olutobi Adekunle Sanuade, Emmanuel Iroboudu Okpetu, Molly Beestrum, Dike Bevis Ojji, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Mark D Huffman, Dustin D French

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: This review assessed the cost-effectiveness and implementation strategies of hypertension management by non-physician healthcare workers (NPHCWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

METHODS: A systematic search (inception-May 2024) included adults ≥18 years managed by NPHCWs LMICs, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Economic evaluations were assessed using Drummond's checklist and ROBINS-I.

RESULTS: Seven studies (2002-2022) conducted across eight countries enrolled 96-10,000 participants and included randomized, modeling, observational, and quasi-experimental designs. NPHCWs included pharmacists, community and village health workers, and nurses. Patients' mean age ranged 58-71 years, with 57-82% female. Outcomes assessed included cost per …

Megakaryocyte And Platelet Thrombospondin-1 Regulates Matrix Remodeling By Stabilizing Basement Membrane Col6a1 In Lung Injury, Hernán F Peñaloza, Atish Gheware, Ananya Gupta, Donovan Watza, Anupam Kumari, Zeyu Xiong, Pooja Bhojraj, Jae-Sung Kim, Bo-Ram Jin, Kyunghee Choi, Matthew R Rosengart, Jaehyung Cho, Janet S Lee, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

An early event after lung injury is extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and the formation of a provisional matrix. While megakaryocytes and platelets (Mgk/plt) play important roles in hemostasis, their impact on the matrix in lung injury is not fully understood. Using lung intravital microscopy, 3D large area scanning with multiphoton confocal hybrid imaging, and label-free quantitative proteomics, the matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) arising from Mgk/plt protects the lung from alveolar injury. Mgk/plt cell-specific Thbs1 knockout (cKO) mice show increased alveolar barrier disruption with exaggerated neutrophil-mediated injury. The cKO mice exhibit striking extracellular matrix re-organization with reduction in basement membrane matrix …

Cortical-Limbic Circuit Dynamics Of Approach-Avoidance Conflict In Humans, Brooke R Staveland, Julia Oberschulte, Barbara Berger, Tamas Minarik, Olivia Kim-Mcmanus, Jon T Willie, Peter Brunner, Mohammad Dastjerdi, Jack J Lin, Elizabeth L Johnson, Michelle Paff, Ming Hsu, Robert T Knight

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Choosing to approach or avoid is common in everyday life and excessive avoidance is a cardinal feature of anxiety disorders. We use intracranial EEG to define a prefrontal-limbic circuit supporting approach and avoidance. Presurgical epilepsy patients (n = 20) performed an approach-avoidance conflict decision-making task inspired by the arcade game Pac-Man, where patients trade off rewards against losses from ghost attack. During approach, theta power increases across a limbic circuit including the hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, which drops during avoidance. Theta connectivity between this circuit and lateral prefrontal cortex increases during approach and falls during avoidance. …

Spatial Transcriptomic Landscape Of Invasion Patterns In Human Papillomavirus-Associated Endocervical Adenocarcinoma, Margaret L Axelrod, Ruiwen Zhou, Lulu Sun

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the uterine cervix. HPV-associated endocervical adenocarcinoma can be classified into histologic Silva patterns of invasion, which are associated with clinical outcome. However, the mechanisms underlying these patterns of invasion are incompletely understood. We used whole transcriptome spatial transcriptomics to examine gene expression differences separately in the tumor epithelium and the surrounding stromal immune microenvironment (SIME). Seven cases were evaluated, focusing on cases with two distinct patterns of invasion within the same tumor, to control for inter-patient heterogeneity. The most strongly upregulated pathways in both higher-risk tumor epithelium and SIME …

Longitudinal Profiles Of Executive Function In Autistic And Non-Autistic Children At High Likelihood Of Autism, Tanya St John, Neva M Corrigan, Ariel Rokem, Annette M Estes, Heather C Hazlett, Juhi Pandey, Robert T Schultz, Natasha Marrus, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Chimei M Lee, Stephen R Dager, Joseph Piven, Ibis Network

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Executive functioning (EF) difficulties are common in autistic children and may aggregate in families. Longitudinal studies examining EF development in autistic children and their siblings are limited. In the current study, we characterized EF development from later infancy through school-age in autistic and non-autistic high likelihood (HL; with an older autistic sibling) and low likelihood (LL; without older autistic sibling) children. METHODS: Participants were 83 autistic and 235 non-autistic HL children, and 132 LL children from the Infant Brain Imaging Study. EF was assessed at ages 12 and 24 months using the A-not-B task and ages 5–14 years (school-age) …

Multi-Dimensional Research Appraisal: A Holistic Approach To Evidence-Informed Practice, John Damiao

Translational Science in Occupation

The field of occupational therapy (OT) and healthcare in general have made great strides in enhancing their scientific rigor through study methodologies that prioritize internal validity. However, concerns regarding reproducibility and replicability in research have cast doubt on traditional evidence-based models. This paper critically examines the limitations of an over-reliance on internal validity in evidence reviews and advocates for a multi-dimensional approach to evidence-based practice. By integrating methodological holism, contextual analysis, and a critical appraisal of external validity, this approach provides practitioners with a more nuanced and applicable framework for decision-making. The implications for research credibility and clinical confidence are …

Development And Validation Of A Life Participation Self-Assessment Tool For People Living With Obesity: The Life Participation Impact Questionnaire (Lpiq-O), Marie-Claude Touchette

Translational Science in Occupation

Purpose: Obesity is a chronic condition affecting over 40% of adults in the U.S. Given the well-documented impact of obesity on life participation, a comprehensive, population-specific assessment tool is needed. We aimed to establish the face and content validity of the Life Participation Impact Questionnaire for People with Obesity (LPIQ-O), an occupation-focused assessment tool measuring the impact of obesity on areas of life participation.

Method: This study included seven iterative phases: (a) literature review, (b) interviews, (c) synthesis of the literature review and interviews, (d) item development, (e) expert validation, (f) face validation, and (g) final expert review. Six participants …