Digital Commons Network^™

Cellular Release Of And Response To Atp As Key Determinants Of The Set-Point Of Signal Transduction Pathways, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Caroline Gregorian, Paul A. Insel

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The determinants of “basal” activity of signaling pathways regulating cellular responses are poorly defined. One possibility is that cells release factors to establish the set-point of such pathways. Here we show that treatment of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells with the nucleotidase apyrase decreases basal arachidonic acid release and cAMP production 30–40% and that inhibitors of P2Y receptor action also affect basal and forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Changing medium prominently increases extracellular levels of ATP in Madin-Darby canine kidney, COS-7, and HEK-293 cells. Mechanical stimulation of ATP release likely occurs in virtually every experimental protocol with cultured cells, implicating such release and …

Effect Of Actinomycin D And Cycloheximide On Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Delayed Cardioprotective Effect In Rats, Devinder Singh, Ajay Sharma, Manjeet Singh

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of actinomycin D, a transcription inhibitor, and cycloheximide, a translation inhibitor, on the delayed cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. Left thoracotomy was performed in anaesthetized rats at 4th/5th intercostal space and polypropylene suture (5-0) was employed to occlude left common coronary artery. Ischemic preconditioning was produced by four episodes of 5 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 5 min of reperfusion and thoracic cavity was sutured. Left thoracotomy was performed again after 24 hr of ischemic preconditioning and left coronary artery was occluded for 30 min followed by reperfusion for …

Greater Investments In Children Through Women's Empowerment: A Key To Demographic Change In Pakistan?, Valerie L. Durrant, Zeba Sathar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Women’s status has received considerable attention as a significant factor in demographic behavior and outcomes in South Asia however, little research has addressed the links between women’s status and their investments in children. In this paper, we empirically investigate how women’s status on multiple levels is associated with demographic outcomes. Using data from the Pakistan Status of Women and Fertility Survey in rural Punjab, we confirm that empowered women, or those with higher status, are better able to make positive investments in their children, thus increasing their children’s chances of survival during infancy and increasing their likelihood of ever attending …

Tai Chi, Balance, Functional Mobility, Fear Of Falling, And Health Perception Among Older Women., Helen Mckenzie Taggert

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

Adolescents And Reproductive Health In Pakistan: A Literature Review, Ayesha Khan

Reproductive Health

This report reviews research and findings on adolescents and reproductive health in Pakistan. The material is drawn from a range of national surveys and medical research, as well as information gathered by nongovernmental organizations. Although adolescents make up a quarter of the population of Pakistan, they are still a new subject for research. The characterization of adolescents for this review is individuals ages 10–19, whether or not they are married, sexually active, or parents. The discussion of the research material is based on the assumption that adolescence is a developmental phase, a transition from childhood to adulthood. Basic data on …

Outlook Magazine, Summer 2000

Outlook Magazine

No abstract provided.

J Am Coll Dent 2000 67 3

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.

The Child Behavior Checklist And Adhd In Children, Angela Samuel

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study examined the relationship of parental report of behavior ratings as demonstrated by the Attention Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the diagnosis of ADI-ID. The study was conducted using 50 children who were referred to a summer school program. An Analysis of Variance found gender and ADI-ID diagnosis to be significantly different for Attention Scales of the CBCL. A Chi Square test also found that the CBCL was a significantly better predictor of ADI-ID than the CPT.

Center For Professional Ethics, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2000, Case Western Reserve University

Center for Professional Ethics

Table of Contents:

• Don't Lump Press in with Media: Ted Gup Speaks about Journalism's Bad Press
• Thinking about Ethics: Quotable Quotes
• The Dark Days of France: A Look at Vichy Law, Part II
• Director's Corner: Not Allowed to Shrug by Robert P. Lawry
• News, Notes, and Events

The Effect Of Stress And Genetic Factors On Alcohol Consumption Among Males In Olancho District, Honduras, Gloria Amanda Madrid

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Alcoholism is a major public health problem globally. More than twenty studies have examined the association between the neurotransmitter dopamine DRD2 TaqI polymorphism and the onset of alcoholism, with half supporting an association. This study was based on the assumption that there is a relationship between the presence of the DRD2, one’s exposure to stress, and alcohol consumption. We examined the gene-stress interactional model in a sample of 309 males of Mayan descendents in the Olancho district of Honduras (age range 18-87). Participants were interviewed by a health care professional and blood samples were obtained for genetic identification. The Michigan …

Predicting Milk And Soft Drink Consumption Among Female Adolescents Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior, Nada Osman Kassem

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A total of 756 female adolescents, aged 13 to 18 years, from five public high schools in Antelope Valley Union High School District located in North Los Angeles County participated in this study between February 1999 and March 1999. The ethnic composition was 53.3% White/Anglo Americans, 19.3% Hispanics or Latinos and 10.2% Black/African Americans. The constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control and their underlying beliefs) were assessed to determine the predictors of low-fat milk and regular soda consumption. A cross-sectional design with group-administered questionnaires was utilized.

Most participants (89.6%, n = 636) …

Risk Factors Associated With Infant Mortality Among Very Low Birthweight Infants Of Teenage Mothers In San Bernardino County, C. Letitia Henry

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Typically, infant mortality decreases as maternal age increases in teenagers. In contrast to these national data, San Bernardino County (SBC) experienced a different phenomenon in 1989-1994 among very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. The infant mortality rate (IMR) of VLBW infants born to mothers under 17 years old (283 per 1000 live births) was significantly lower than the IMR of VLBW infants born to mothers between the ages of 17-19 years old (430 per 1000 live births) (p = .02).

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to explain the discrepancy between IMRs of VLBW infants of younger teenage mothers …

One Solution For Managing Risks During Cutbacks In Residency Training Programs, Patrick Knott, Kathleen Ruroede

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Professors Knott and Ruroede examine the risks associated with downsizing and elimination of physician residency training programs.

Looking Back: Unneeded X-Rays, Allan Mazur

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

From the discovery of x-rays in 1896 to the present, Dr. Mazur explores the history of risk management of radiation exposure from x-rays and nuclear fallout.

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 1999, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Experiences Of Mental Health Consumers : An Exploratory Qualitative Study Of Expectations And Perceptions Of Mental Health Services In Western Australia, Dawn Anne Barrett

Theses : Honours

The National Mental Health Strategy was launched in 1992 and endorsed Consumer-provider collaboration as an integral part or mental health service delivery in Australia. Feedback on services is generally elicited through evaluation of existing services. Rather than being than evaluative study or existing services this qualitative project explored the experience of being a mental health consumer within the framework of the consumer’s expectations and perceptions of service delivery in Western Australia. One male and seven females, aged between 22-55 participated in the study. Several themes and sub-themes under the broad headings of expectations. Experiences. Perceptions emerged. The themes highlighted consumers …

Molecular Investigations In The Role Of The Galk1 Gene In Galactokinase Deficiency, Michael L. Hunter

Theses : Honours

Galactokinase deficiency is an autosomal-recessive inborn error of galactose metabolism whose major clinical manifestation is the development of cataracts during the first months of life. This metabolic disorder is caused by defects in the first enzyme of the Leloir pathway, galactokinase, encoded by the gene GALK1 on chromosome 17q24. Despite the identification of a number of conserved domains in GALK1, understanding of the functional significance of these regions and the molecular basis of the disorder is limited. This is largely due to the rarity of the disease and the fact that the small number of GALK1 mutations identified to-date are …

Nutritional Therapies For Ulcerative Colitis: Literature Review, Chart Review Study, And Future Research, Joel S. Edman, William (Bill) H. Williams, Robert C. Atkins

Publications and Research

Few clinical studies suggest a significant influence of diet or nutritional supplementation on ulcerative colitis. One reason is that ulcerative colitis, like many chronic diseases, is multifactorial. This article reviews the relevant literature and presents the results of a retrospective chart review study that was done at a complimentary medicine office.

Whole Genome Sequencing Of L.Monocytogenes And L.Innocua : A Basis For Comparative Genomics Of The Genus Listeria, Rachel Purcell

Theses

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, food-borne human and animal pathogen. L.innocua is a non-pathogenic species the most closely related to L. monocytogenes. Comparative genomics between a pathogenic and a closely related non-pathogenic species is a powerful approach for identifying genes or regions on the chromosome, which might be involved in virulence. Therefore whole genome sequencing of these two organisms was undertaken. The strategy used was based on a random approach combined with end-sequencing of a medium insert library for the finishing phase. Based on the available sequence data for these two species an in silico analysis for the presence of …

Assessment Of Prothrombotic Tendency In Humans Using Functional And Genomic Determinants, Pádraig O'Sullivan

Theses

Thrombophilia describes the familial or acquired disorders of the haemostatic mechanism that are likely to predispose to thrombosis. Venous thrombosis and its associated complications account for a significant number of hospital admissions and deaths annually having a significant health-economic impact on the heath-care industry globally. Mutations in genes that code for proteins involved directly (or indirectly) in blood coagulation have been associated with prothrombotic states. The majority of inherited genetic defects were attributed to polymorphisms in Antithrombin III, Protein C, and Protein S genes until 1994. Together these accounted for only 5-10% of individuals with thrombosis. Subsequently the Factor V …

Applications Of The Atomic Force Microscope Within The Fields Of Haematology And Cytogenetics, Margaret O'Reilly-Crowley

Theses

Atomic force microscopy [AFM] has become a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field of research in recent years. The technique, including instrumentation and specimen preparation methods, is now more sophisticated and its application has increased dramatically. The key advantage of AFM is in providing three-dimensional images of samples imaged. Both size and shape of samples imaged can be obtained allowing their subsequent quantification. Red blood cells [RBCs] and chromosomes were imaged in this work. A brief overview of the current status of biomedical AFM, has been presented in the review.

Measurement of mean cell volume [MCV] of immobilised red blood cells with …

The Effect Of Edta In Attachment Gain And Root Coverage, Moawia M. Kassab, Robert E. Cohen, Sebastiano Andreana, Andrew R. Dentino

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Root surface biomodification using low pH agents such as citric acid and tetracycline has been proposed to enhance root coverage following connective tissue grafting. The authors hypothesized that root conditioning with neutral pH edetic acid would improve vertical recession depth, root surface coverage, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels. Twenty teeth in 10 patients with Miller class I and II recession were treated with connective tissue grafting. The experimental sites received 24% edetic acid in sterile distilled water applied to the root surface for 2 minutes before grafting. Controls were pretreated with only sterile distilled water. Measurements were evaluated before …

Investigations Of The Absorption And Metabolismof Antioxidant Flavonols, Abdul Aziz Azlina

Student Works (2000-2009)

Flavonols are polyphenols, secondary plant metabolites commonly found in plants and foods of plant origin. They have widespread biological properties in the human body. The recent discovery of their potential antioxidant activities has prompted extensive research. Flavonols particularly quercetin are potent antioxidants with higher antioxidant properties than the well known antioxidant vitamins C and E. Several epidemiology studies have demonstrated a strong inverse association between flavonoid intake and risk of coronary heart disease. The association with cancer is less defined with only some studies showing an inverse association and others not. In view of their potential to act as antioxidants …

Natural Antibodies To Adrenal Hormones And Apolipoprotein E In Cardiovascular Physiology, Shabana Aafaqi

Student Works (2000-2009)

Natural autoantibodies (NAA} are autoantibodies that are present in the sera of healthy individuals. NAA can belong to the lgA, lgG and lgM isotypcs. They exhibit high degrees of polyreactivity and connectivity but low affinity to self antigens. The main function of NAA in healthy people is probably 10 clear the catabolic waste and ageing cells. In this study, an indirect Enzyme-linked lmmunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used to detect NAA against hormones, namely adreno-co11ical (hydrocortisone, aldostcrone, androstcncdionc), adrcno-medullary (adrenaline. noradrenaline) and other related steroid hormones (progesterone, testosterone, P-cstradiol). In eleven normal human serum (NHS), lgG anti-cortisol were delcctcd in …

Isovolumic Regulation In Nervous Tissue: A Novel Mechanism Of Cell Volume Regulation, O. Quesada, R. Franco, K. Hernandez-Fonseca, K. Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cell volume regulation is a property present in most animal cell lineages that allows them to recover their original volume after events of swelling or shrinkage. Such events can be caused by changes in external osmolarity or to osmotic gradients generated during normal cell functioning.4,6 The mechanism of cell volume regulation involves transmembrane fluxes of osmotically active solutes in the necessary direction to counteract the net gain or loss of intracellular water.9 The process through which cells recover their normal volume after swelling is named Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). This consists of the efflux of inorganic osmolytes, such as K …

A Cultivated Taste For Yeast., C Brenner

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

The availability of complete genomic sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has catalyzed a cultural change in the practice of yeast biology, providing opportunities to develop high throughput techniques to define protein function, to define drug targets, and to discover and characterize drugs.

Micronutrient And Iron Supplementation And Effective Anti-Malarial Treatment Synergistically Improve Childhood Anaemia, H. Ekvall, Zul Premji, A. Bjorkman

Pathology, East Africa

The control of childhood anaemia in malaria holoendemic areas is a major public health challenge for which an optimal strategy remains to be determined. Malaria prevention may compromise the development of partial immunity. Regular micronutrient supplementation has been suggested as an alternative but its effectiveness remains unsettled. We therefore conducted a randomised placebo-controlled intervention trial with 207 Tanzanian children aged 5 months to 3 years on the efficacy of supervised supplementation of low-dose micronutrients including iron (Poly Vi-Sol with iron) three times per week, with an average attendance of ≥ 90%. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) level increased by 8 g/l …

Biosystematics And Evolution Of The Triatominae = Biossistemática E Evolução De Triatomíneos, Christopher J. Schofield

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Abstract

In this paper we summarize the systematics of the 130 currently recognized species of Triatominae and the key features of their evolutionary background. There is increasing evidence that the subfamily has polyphyletic origins, with the various tribes and species groups probably arising from different reduviid lineages in relatively recent times.

Resumo

Neste trabalho resume-se a sistemática das 130 espécies de triatomíneos atualmente reconhecidas, com os elementos principais de sua evolução. Existem evidências crescentes para a origem polifilética da subfamília. As diferentes tribos e grupos de espécies que a compõem teriam surgido recentemente, a partir de diferentes linhagens de reduviídeos.

Recognition Of Treponematoses In Post Repatriation X Ray And Cd Rom Nebraska Record, Karl J. Reinhard, Bruce Rothschild, Christine Rothschild, Larry Martin

Karl Reinhard Publications

Repatriation has compromised the opportunity to directly examine skeletons and to apply new diagnostic criteria and techniques. Pre-repatriation approaches to non-metric data acquisition, must make a number of assumptions: ( I ) Phenomena must be correctly identitied and segregated; (2) Criteria for severity must be specific to the phenomena studied; and (3) As criteria for disease rewgnition may change with time, it is valuable only as long as the raw data is also recorded. As part of data preservation, x-rays and CD-ROM images were recorded for skeletons trom Nebraska sites undergoing repatriation. This report concentrates on four of them 250K …

The Role Of Mummy Studies In Paleoparasitology, Adauto Araujo, Karl J. Reinhard, Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

Paieoparasitology has advance during the past decade to the status of a statistically based science focused on problems of disease ecology and geographic distribution of parasitism. For most of its development, paleoparasitology has focused on the analysis of coprolites and latrine sediments. During the past few years, mummies have been increasingly included in paleoparasitology studies. We evaluate in this paper the interpretive value of mummies relative to other sources of paleoparasitological data.

EI estudio de la paleoparasitologia ha logrado transformarse, en esta ultima decada, en una ciencia basada en la estadistica, enfocada a temas tales como la ecologia de enfermedades …