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Articles 88531 - 88560 of 96715

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Impaired Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis By The Asialoglycoprotein Receptor In Ethanol-Fed Mice: Implications For Studying The Role Of This Receptor In Alcoholic Apoptosis, Shana R. Dalton, Robert L. Wiegert, Cheryl R. Baldwin, Karen M. Kassel, Carol A. Casey Jan 2003

Impaired Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis By The Asialoglycoprotein Receptor In Ethanol-Fed Mice: Implications For Studying The Role Of This Receptor In Alcoholic Apoptosis, Shana R. Dalton, Robert L. Wiegert, Cheryl R. Baldwin, Karen M. Kassel, Carol A. Casey

United States Public Health Resources

During receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), extracellular molecules are internalized after being recognized and bound to specific cell surface receptors. In previous studies of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in rats, we showed that ethanol impairs RME at multiple ASGPR sites. Ethanol administration has been shown to increase apoptosis, and we demonstrated increased sensitization to apoptotic induction in hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats. Although a physiological role for the ASGPR has not been identified, investigators have shown its involvement in the uptake/clearance of apoptotic cells in vitvo. This suggests a potential role for the ASGPR in the removal of apoptotic cells, and the recent …

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Interferon Gamma Enhances Proteasome Activity In Recombinant Hep G2 Cells That Express Cytochrome P4502e1: Modulation By Ethanol, Natalia A. Osna, Dahn L. Clemens, Terrence M. Donohue Jr. Jan 2003

Interferon Gamma Enhances Proteasome Activity In Recombinant Hep G2 Cells That Express Cytochrome P4502e1: Modulation By Ethanol, Natalia A. Osna, Dahn L. Clemens, Terrence M. Donohue Jr.

United States Public Health Resources

We tested the influence of IFNγ on proteasome activity in parental Hep G2 cells that do not metabolize ethanol, as well as in recombinant Hep G2-derived cells that express either or both alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1). IFNγ treatment increased proteasome activity in VL-17A (ADH+, CYP2E1+) and E-47 (CYP2E1+) cells, but not in Hep G2, VI-R2 (parental cells with empty vectors) or in VA-13 (ADH+) cells. Proteasome activation by IFNγ correlated positively with the level of CYP2E1 activity. Treatment of VL-17A cells with agents that inhibit CYP2E1 or the inducible …

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Prevalence Of Chronic Wasting Disease And Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging Deer And Elk In South Dakota, Christopher N. Jacques, Jonathan A. Jenks, Allen L. Jenny, Steven L. Griffin Jan 2003

Prevalence Of Chronic Wasting Disease And Bovine Tuberculosis In Free-Ranging Deer And Elk In South Dakota, Christopher N. Jacques, Jonathan A. Jenks, Allen L. Jenny, Steven L. Griffin

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Heads of hunter-harvested deer and elk were collected throughout South Dakota (USA) and within established chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance areas from 1997–2002 to determine infection with CWD and bovine tuberculosis (TB). We used immunohistochemistry to detect CWD-infected individuals among 1,672 deer and elk sampled via geographically targeted surveillance. A total of 537 elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), 813 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and 322 mule deer (O. hemionus) was sampled for CWD. Estimated overall prevalence and associated confidence intervals (95%) in white-tailed deer was 0.001% (0–0.007%). Similarly, estimated overall prevalence in elk and mule …

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Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko Jan 2003

Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Mycobacterium infections occur in numerous wildlife species worldwide and this bacterial genus can also cause disease in humans and livestock. Two Mycobacterium species and one subspecies that infect wildlife are important from a wildlife damage management perspective. Mycobacterium avium, avian tuberculosis, is a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan disease of wild and domestic birds. Wild and domestic ruminants are host to M. avium paratuberculosis, also known as Johne’s disease. Finally, Mycobaterium bovis, bovine tuberculosis, is primarily associated with domestic and wild bovines and ungulates, but also infects many other species of mammals. Eradicating these diseases from wildlife populations is …

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Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary W. Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko Jan 2003

Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary W. Witmer, Thomas J. Deliberto, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Peter Butchko

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Mycobacterium infections occur in numerous wildlife species worldwide and this bacterial genus can also cause disease in humans and livestock. Two Mycobacterium species and one subspecies that infect wildlife are important from a wildlife damage management perspective. Mycobacterium avium, avian tuberculosis, is a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan disease of wild and domestic birds. Wild and domestic ruminants are host to M. avium paratuberculosis, also known as Johne’s disease. Finally, Mycobaterium bovis, bovine tuberculosis, is primarily associated with domestic and wild bovines and ungulates, but also infects many other species of mammals. Eradicating these diseases from wildlife populations is …

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Use Of Folk Remedies Among Patients In Karachi, Pakistan, Waris Qidwai, Sr Alim, Rh Dhanani, S Jehangir, A Nasrullah, A Raza Jan 2003

Use Of Folk Remedies Among Patients In Karachi, Pakistan, Waris Qidwai, Sr Alim, Rh Dhanani, S Jehangir, A Nasrullah, A Raza

Department of Family Medicine

BACKGROUND: The concept that food is medicine is being practiced in certain parts of the world, with positive outcomes on health of the population. We have such practice in Pakistan but it needs to be brought in line with the available scientific evidence.
METHODS: The study was conducted on 270 patients, visiting the Family Practice Center, the Aga Khan University, Karachi. A questionnaire was used to collect information on the demographic profile, and the use of folk remedies for medicinal uses.
RESULTS: Substantial use of folk remedies for different medical conditions has been documented. The remedies included cinnamon, ginger, …

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The Role Of Ap-1 Transcription Complex In Retinoic Acid-Dependent B16 Melanoma Cell Growth Arrest And Differentiation, Ying Huang Jan 2003

The Role Of Ap-1 Transcription Complex In Retinoic Acid-Dependent B16 Melanoma Cell Growth Arrest And Differentiation, Ying Huang

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Our laboratory has been studying the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on the growth and differentiation of the B16 mouse melanoma cells. RA inhibits both anchorage-dependent and –independent growth and stimulates melanin production in B16 cells, which are accompanied by an increase in AP-1 activity. To further investigate the RA-induced AP-1 activity, I established clones of B16 stably expressing an AP-1-luciferase reporter gene. Treatment of these clones with phorbol dibutyrate (PDB), a known activator of AP-1, rapidly increased AP-1 activity which reached its maximum level at 2-4 h and returned to baseline level by 24 h. In contrast, RA …

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Personality Profiles Of Iditasport Ultra-Marathon Participants, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Sherri Lind Hughes, H. Samuel Case, Deborah S. Evans Jan 2003

Personality Profiles Of Iditasport Ultra-Marathon Participants, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Sherri Lind Hughes, H. Samuel Case, Deborah S. Evans

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Each February, competitors convene in Big Lake, Alaska, to participate in the “Iditasport Human Powered Ultra-Marathon”. Who would attempt this challenging race? Personality might be one factor predicting participation. Iditasport represents a unique athletic event with a distinctive social and psychological climate that might be reflected in the personalities of the participants in many ways. This study was designed to identify the personality profile of Iditasport athletes when compared to normative populations and to explore differences between athletes competing in different race divisions.

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Zo1 As A Factor In The Remodeling Of Myocardial Gap Junctions, Ralph John Barker Jan 2003

Zo1 As A Factor In The Remodeling Of Myocardial Gap Junctions, Ralph John Barker

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The remodeling of connexin43-containing gap junctions (GJs), as defined by changes in size, distribution, or function, is a prominent feature of both the developing and diseased myocardium. During postnatal development of the mammalian ventricle, there is a progressive remodeling of GJs into intercalated disks. This change in GJ quantity and distribution is correlated with alterations in the velocity and anisotropy of impulse spread within differentiating myocardium. Orderly distribution of GJs is perturbed in many cardiac diseases, and reemergence of immature patterns of myocyte coupling may be a factor in the arrhythmogenic potential attending such pathologies. Although mechanisms responsible for this …

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Cell Type-Specific Reduction Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes Synthesized In The Developing Gerbil Organ Of Corti, Heather Jensen Smith, Jonquille Eley, Peter S. Steyger, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth Jan 2003

Cell Type-Specific Reduction Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes Synthesized In The Developing Gerbil Organ Of Corti, Heather Jensen Smith, Jonquille Eley, Peter S. Steyger, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

There are seven isotypic forms of the microtubule protein beta tubulin in mammals, but not all isotypes are synthesized in every cell type. In the adult organ of Corti, each of the five major cell types synthesizes a different subset of isotypes. Inner hair cells synthesize only betaI and betaII tubulin, while outer hair cells make betaI and betaIV tubulin. Only betaII and betaIV tubulin are found in inner and outer pillar cells, while betaI, betaII, and betaIV tubulin are present in Deiters cells, and betaI, betaII and betaIII tubulin are found in organ of Corti dendrites. During post-natal organ …

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Regulation Of Proto-Oncogenes Expression In Developmental Epilepsy, Mahnoush Shafiei Jan 2003

Regulation Of Proto-Oncogenes Expression In Developmental Epilepsy, Mahnoush Shafiei

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Seizures cause selective neuronal cell loss in vulnerable regions such as the hippocampus, cortex, thalamus or substantia nigra (SN) in human or experimental animals. While the HF can propagate seizures, the SN pars reticulata (SNR) regulates the spread ol seizures in an age-dependent fashion, and the pars compacta (SNC) affects extrapyramidal motor control. In mature animals, both structures are wlnerable to seizure-induced damage. In prepubescent rats, seizure susceptibility is reduced and CA 1 region rs primarily affected. The proto-oncogenes, Bcl-2 and Bax, encode specific proteins that inhibit and promote programmed cell death, respectively. In order to determine whether proto-oncogenes are …

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Download Full Pdf Issue-Jefferson Translations-Vol. 1, No. 1, Summer/Fall 2003 Jan 2003

Download Full Pdf Issue-Jefferson Translations-Vol. 1, No. 1, Summer/Fall 2003

Jefferson Translations

This issue includes a description of Project CARE (Coordinated Approaches Redesigned for Excellence), an article discussing efforts to unlock the human genome, an article describing mobile asthma education efforts in Philadelphia lead by a Jefferson team of specialists, a new Jefferson anticoagulation program, and a model for diabetes education.

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Renal Cortical Necrosis: A Case Series Of Nine Patients & Review Of Literature, Syed Sohail Ali, Syed Zulfiqar Rizvi, Suhail Muzaffar, Aasim Ahmad, Akhtar Ali, Sheema H. Hassan Jan 2003

Renal Cortical Necrosis: A Case Series Of Nine Patients & Review Of Literature, Syed Sohail Ali, Syed Zulfiqar Rizvi, Suhail Muzaffar, Aasim Ahmad, Akhtar Ali, Sheema H. Hassan

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: The purpose of this study is to review cases of renal cortical necrosis (RCN) which we came across during a period of five years, confirmed on needle biopsy specimens, with literature available so far.
Methods: All renal biopsy records between January 1996 to December 2001 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan were reviewed to identify patients with histologically proven renal cortical necrosis. Seven patients were also referred by the department of Nephrology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients' medical records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, and follow up data.
Results: There were total of nine patients identified …

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The Role And Regulation Of Heat Shock Protein 27 In Retinal Ischemic Preconditioning, Norris Andrew Whitlock Jan 2003

The Role And Regulation Of Heat Shock Protein 27 In Retinal Ischemic Preconditioning, Norris Andrew Whitlock

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Vision loss resulting from retinal ischemia is associated with several systemic and ocular diseases. In the retina, ischemia is thought to lead to neuronal cell death by initiating a series of events that include oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, and intracellular Ca2+ overload. Attempts to prevent ischemic retinal degeneration have included the use of NMDA receptor antagonists, Ca2+ channel blockers, and antioxidants. These treatments have had limited success due to incomplete retinal protection and development of adverse side-effects. This has caused researchers to look toward endogenous protective mechanisms, such as ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in order to identify new strategies to …

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Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Receptor Us28-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Is Mediated By Focal Adhesion Kinase And Src, Daniel N. Streblow, Jennifer Totonchy, Patsy Smith, Ryan Melnychuk, Laurel Hall, Dora Pancheva, Martine Smit, Paola Casarosa, David D. Schlaepfer, Jay A. Nelson Jan 2003

Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Receptor Us28-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Is Mediated By Focal Adhesion Kinase And Src, Daniel N. Streblow, Jennifer Totonchy, Patsy Smith, Ryan Melnychuk, Laurel Hall, Dora Pancheva, Martine Smit, Paola Casarosa, David D. Schlaepfer, Jay A. Nelson

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 induces arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration; however, the underlying mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. We have previously shown that US28-mediated SMC migration occurs by a ligand-dependent process that is sensitive to proteintyrosine kinase inhibitors. We demonstrate here that US28 signals through the non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and that this activity is necessary for US28-mediated SMC migration. In the presence of RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted), US28 stimulates the production of a FAK Src kinase complex. Interestingly, Src co-immunoprecipitates with US28 in …

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Determination Of The Substrate-Docking Site Of Protein Tyrosine Kinase C-Terminal Src Kinase, Sungsoo Lee, Xiaofeng Lin, Nguyen Hai Nam, Keykavous Parang, Gongqin Sun Jan 2003

Determination Of The Substrate-Docking Site Of Protein Tyrosine Kinase C-Terminal Src Kinase, Sungsoo Lee, Xiaofeng Lin, Nguyen Hai Nam, Keykavous Parang, Gongqin Sun

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) are key enzymes of mammalian signal transduction. For the fidelity of signal transduction, each PTK phosphorylates only one or a few proteins on specific Tyr residues. Substrate specificity is thought to be mediated by PTK–substrate docking interactions and recognition of the phosphorylation site sequence by the kinase active site. However, a substrate-docking site has not been determined on any PTK. C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) is a PTK that specifically phosphorylates Src family kinases on a C-terminal Tyr. In this study, by sequence alignment and site-specific mutagenesis, we located a substrate-docking site on Csk. Mutations in the …

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Cofactor Binding Modulates The Conformational Stabilities And Unfolding Patterns Of Nad+-Dependent Dna Ligases From Escherichia Coli And Thermus Scotoductus, Daphné Georlette, Vinciane Blaise, Christophe Dohmen, Fabrice Bouillenne, Benjamin Damien, Eric Depiereux, Charles Gerday, Vladimir N. Uversky, Georges Feller Jan 2003

Cofactor Binding Modulates The Conformational Stabilities And Unfolding Patterns Of Nad+-Dependent Dna Ligases From Escherichia Coli And Thermus Scotoductus, Daphné Georlette, Vinciane Blaise, Christophe Dohmen, Fabrice Bouillenne, Benjamin Damien, Eric Depiereux, Charles Gerday, Vladimir N. Uversky, Georges Feller

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

DNA ligases are important enzymes required for cellular processes such as DNA replication, recombination, and repair. NAD+-dependent DNA ligases are essentially restricted to eubacteria, thus constituting an attractive target in the development of novel antibiotics. Although such a project might involve the systematic testing of a vast number of chemical compounds, it can essentially gain from the preliminary deciphering of the conformational stability and structural perturbations associated with the formation of the catalytically active adenylated enzyme. We have, therefore, investigated the adenylation-induced conformational changes in the mesophilic Escherichia coli and thermophilic Thermus scotoductus NAD+-DNA ligases, and …

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Structural Analyses Of Phycodnaviridae And Iridoviridae, Alan A. Simpson, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann Jan 2003

Structural Analyses Of Phycodnaviridae And Iridoviridae, Alan A. Simpson, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The Phycodnaviridae, Iridoviridae and related viruses, with diameters of 1500±2000 A Ê , are formed from large trigonal arrays of hexagonally close-packed capsomers forming the faces of icosahedra [Yan et al. (2000), Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 101-103; Nandhagopal et al. (2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 14758-14763]. Caspar and Klug predicted that such structures could be assembled from hexameric capsomers [Caspar & Klug (1962), Cold Spring Harbor. Symp. Quant. Biol. 27, 1-24], as was subsequently found in numerous icosahedral viruses. During the course of evolution, some viruses, including the virus families …

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The Formin-Homology-Domain-Containing Protein Fhod1 Enhances Cell Migration, Sreenivas Koka, Cheryl L. Neudauer, Xiaodong Li, Robert E. Lewis, James B. Mccarthy, Jennifer J. Westendorf Jan 2003

The Formin-Homology-Domain-Containing Protein Fhod1 Enhances Cell Migration, Sreenivas Koka, Cheryl L. Neudauer, Xiaodong Li, Robert E. Lewis, James B. Mccarthy, Jennifer J. Westendorf

College of Dentistry: Faculty Publications

Formin-homology-domain-containing proteins interact with Rho-family GTPases and regulate actin cytoskeleton organization and gene transcription. FHOD1 is a member of this family, interacts with Rac1 and induces transcription from the serum response element. In this study, we examined the effects of FHOD1 expression on cytoskeletal organization and function in mammalian cells. FHOD1 proteins were stably expressed in WM35 melanoma cells and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Cells expressing full-length FHOD1 demonstrated an elongated phenotype compared with vector-transfected cells and cells expressing a truncated FHOD1 (1-421) that lacks the conserved FH1 and FH2 domains. Full-length FHOD1 co-localized with filamentous actin at cell peripheries. Cells transiently …

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Osteopathic Medical Education Program Brochure, Nova Southeastern University Jan 2003

Osteopathic Medical Education Program Brochure, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

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Hypertonic Stress Co-Stimulates T Cell Il-2 Expression Through A Feedback Mechanism Involving Atp Release And P2 Receptor Activation Of P38 Map Kinase, William H. Loomis, Sachiko Namiki, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel, Wolfgang G. Junger Jan 2003

Hypertonic Stress Co-Stimulates T Cell Il-2 Expression Through A Feedback Mechanism Involving Atp Release And P2 Receptor Activation Of P38 Map Kinase, William H. Loomis, Sachiko Namiki, Rennolds S. Ostrom, Paul A. Insel, Wolfgang G. Junger

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Hypertonic stress (HS) can alter the function of mammalian cells. We have reported that HS enhances differentiated responses of T cells by increasing their ability to produce interleukin (IL)-2, a finding of clinical interest because hypertonic infusions may modulate immune function in patients. HS shrinks cells and mechanically deforms membranes, which results in ATP release from many cell types. Here we investigate if ATP release is an underlying mechanism through which HS augments T cell function. We found that mechanical stress and HS induced rapid ATP release from Jurkat T cells. HS and exogenous ATP mobilized intracellular Ca2+, activated p38 …

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Managing At-Risk Juvenile Offenders In The Community: Putting Evidence Based Principles Into Practice, Randy Borum Jan 2003

Managing At-Risk Juvenile Offenders In The Community: Putting Evidence Based Principles Into Practice, Randy Borum

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

More than a half-million juveniles are under community supervision as a result of violent or delinquent behavior. Research has shown that treatment can reduce their risk of reoffending. This article reviews and distills the key lessons from hundreds of empirical studies and metaanalyses and applies them to practice. The author argues for conducting systematic and developmentally informed risk assessments, selectively assigning intensive intervention to the highest risk offenders, focusing on criminogenic treatment targets, using proven interventions and treatment strategies, and applying rigor in implementation and follow-up.

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The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome And The Eastern Tent Caterpillar: A Toxicokinetic/Statistical Analysis With Clinical, Epidemiologic, And Mechanistic Implications, Manu Sebastian, Marie G. Gantz, Thomas Tobin, J. Daniel Harkins, Jeffrey M. Bosken, Charlie Hughes, Lenn R. Harrison, William V. Bernard, Dana L. Richter, Terrence D. Fitzgerald Jan 2003

The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome And The Eastern Tent Caterpillar: A Toxicokinetic/Statistical Analysis With Clinical, Epidemiologic, And Mechanistic Implications, Manu Sebastian, Marie G. Gantz, Thomas Tobin, J. Daniel Harkins, Jeffrey M. Bosken, Charlie Hughes, Lenn R. Harrison, William V. Bernard, Dana L. Richter, Terrence D. Fitzgerald

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

During 2001, central Kentucky experienced acute transient epidemics of early and late fetal losses, pericarditis, and unilateral endophthalmitis, collectively referred to as mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS). A toxicokinetic/statistical analysis of experimental and field MRLS data was conducted using accelerated failure time (AFT) analysis of abortions following administration of Eastern tent caterpillars (ETCs; 100 or 50 g/day or 100 g of irradiated caterpillars/day) to late-term pregnant mares. In addition, 2001 late-term fetal loss field data were used in the analysis. Experimental data were fitted by AFT analysis at a high (P < .0001) significance. Times to first abortion (“lag time”) and abortion rates were dose dependent. Lag times decreased and abortion rates increased exponentially with dose. Calculated dose × response data curves allow interpretation of abortion data in terms of “intubated ETC equivalents.” Analysis suggested that field exposure to ETCs in 2001 in central Kentucky commenced on approximately April 27, was initially equivalent to approximately 5 g of intubated ETCs/day, and increased to approximately 30 g/day at the outbreak peak. This analysis accounts for many aspects of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and manifestations of MRLS. It allows quantitative interpretation of experimental and field MRLS data and has implications for the basic mechanisms underlying MRLS. The results support suggestions that MRLS is caused by exposure to or ingestion of ETCs. The results also show that high levels of ETC exposure produce intense, focused outbreaks of MRLS, closely linked in time and place to dispersing ETCs, as occurred in central Kentucky in 2001. With less intense exposure, lag time is longer and abortions tend to spread out over time and may occur out of phase with ETC exposure, obscuring both diagnosis of this syndrome and the role of the caterpillars.

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Isovolumetric Regulation In Mammal Cells: Role Of Taurine, B. Ordaz, R. Franco, National University Of Mexico Tuz Jan 2003

Isovolumetric Regulation In Mammal Cells: Role Of Taurine, B. Ordaz, R. Franco, National University Of Mexico Tuz

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The ability to regulate cell volume is an ancient conserved trait present in essentially all species through evolution. The maintenance of a constant cell volume is a homeostatic imperative in animal cells. Changes in cell water content affecting the concentration of intracellular messenger molecules impair the complex signaling network, crucial for cell functioning and intercellular communication. Although the renal homeostatic mechanisms exert a precise control of extracellular fluid osmolarity, this is challenged in a variety of pathological situations. The intracellular volume constancy is continuously compromised by the generation of local and transient osmotic microgradients, associated with nutrients uptake, secretion, cytoskeleton …

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The Role Of Oxidative Stress In Alzheimer's Disease, Robin Petroze Jan 2003

The Role Of Oxidative Stress In Alzheimer's Disease, Robin Petroze

Kaleidoscope

Over four million individuals in the United States currently suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating disorder of progressive dementia. Within the next several decades, AD is expected to affect over 22 million people globally. AD can only be definitively diagnosed by postmortem examination. Thus, investigation into the specific pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration and death in AD on a biochemical level is essential for both earlier diagnosis and potential treatment and prevention options. Overproduction of amyloid [3-peptide (A[3) in the brain leads to both free radical oxidative stress and toxicity to neurons in AD. My undergraduate biochemical studies with regard …

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Factors Influencing Substance Abuse/Dependence And Treatment Outcome Of Adolescents In A Residential Substance Abuse Program: An Exploratory Study, Melissa L. Moody Jan 2003

Factors Influencing Substance Abuse/Dependence And Treatment Outcome Of Adolescents In A Residential Substance Abuse Program: An Exploratory Study, Melissa L. Moody

Masters Theses

Previous research examining the risk factors associated with alcohol and other drug use has primarily focused on the adult population. Few studies have investigated the factors which influence adolescent substance abuse and the respective effects on treatment outcome. This in spite of the considerable decline in the age-of-onset for problematic substance use that could, if gone untreated, escalate into dependence and a variety of other interpersonal problems which extend across the lifespan. Effective interventions targeting the adolescent population would therefore seem to be of utmost importance to both researchers and clinicians. It has been suggested that individualized treatment programs focusing …

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A Process For Achieving Comparable Data From Heterogeneous Databases, Rachel L. Richesson Jan 2003

A Process For Achieving Comparable Data From Heterogeneous Databases, Rachel L. Richesson

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

The current state of health and biomedicine includes an enormity of heterogeneous data ‘silos’, collected for different purposes and represented differently, that are presently impossible to share or analyze in toto. The greatest challenge for large-scale and meaningful analyses of health-related data is to achieve a uniform data representation for data extracted from heterogeneous source representations. Based upon an analysis and categorization of heterogeneities, a process for achieving comparable data content by using a uniform terminological representation is developed. This process addresses the types of representational heterogeneities that commonly arise in healthcare data integration problems. Specifically, this process uses a …

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Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionulides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources: Annual Report, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin Jan 2003

Development Of Dose Coefficients For Radionulides Produced In Spallation Neutron Sources: Annual Report, Phillip W. Patton, Mark Rudin

Transmutation Sciences Physics (TRP)

The University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Transmutation Research Program has been tasked to support U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) efforts to assess the health risks associated with the operation of each of their accelerator-driven nuclear facilities for both NEPA and PSAR development. Quantifying the radiological risks to workers will have to be addressed during the design and siting of each of these facilities. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Guidance Report No. 11 “Limiting Values of Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion”, developed two derived guides, Annual Limit on Intake (ALI) and …

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The Predictors Of Exercise Participation And Physical Fitness Levels In Firefighters In Birmingham, Alabama., Yothaka Pakapong Jan 2003

The Predictors Of Exercise Participation And Physical Fitness Levels In Firefighters In Birmingham, Alabama., Yothaka Pakapong

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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Living The Coming Of Osteoporosis: Health Promotion Behaviors Of Women At Risk For Osteoporosis In Mississippi., Cynthia Hardy Luther Jan 2003

Living The Coming Of Osteoporosis: Health Promotion Behaviors Of Women At Risk For Osteoporosis In Mississippi., Cynthia Hardy Luther

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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